CJS 102 Final Illinois State University

We know exactly how many slaves there are today?

False

Why do we care about sex ratio imbalances? (females in population makes incarcerated, why does it matter?)

Females may become less insistent on condom usage, more tolerant of male infidelity, more accepting of multiple simultaneous sexual relationships, and more participatory in serial sexual partnering. For some incarcerated males their new social network includes new sexual networks while incarcerated which increase their risk of disease contraction and transmission through risky behavior. - sex ratio differences - bridging and concurrency.

hinking about disease transmission and disease in incarceration - what does the term "bridging" mean and the term "concourant partnering" mean?

Females may become less insistent on condom usage, more tolerant of male infidelity, more accepting of multiple simultaneous sexual relationships, and more participatory in serial sexual partnering. For some incarcerated males their new social network includes new sexual networks while incarcerated which increase their risk of disease contraction and transmission through risky behavior. - sex ratio differences - bridging and concurrency.

What is forced migration?

Forced Migration refers to the coerced movement of a person or persons away from their home or home region. Throughout the history of man, this type of migration has always occurred. Some reasons for this migration occurring is due to environmental or natural disasters, chemical or nuclear disasters, famine, conflicts, and more.

What developed first world country has STD rates similar to developing countries?

"Worldwide, ...the United States remains the only developed country to have STD rates comparable to those of developing countries" (Cohen, 2000, p. 230).

Approx what percentage of people get out of prison go home?

97% of inmates released in IL return to the communities they were removed from

What type of sentencing takes discretion away from judges?

Criminal sentencing

What war revolved around the issue of slavery?

Civil War - Conflict between southern and northern states about slavery came to a head and in 1861 11 southern states broke away and formed the Confederacy which led to the Civil War.

What were the criminological perspectives I shared with you? (5 of them)

Classical/Choice: Situational Forces, crime is a function of free will and personal choice. Punishment is a deterrent to crime Biological/Psychological: Internal Forces, Crime is a function of chemical, neurological, genetic, personality, intelligence or mental traits Structural: Ecological Forces, Crime rates area function of neighborhood conditions, cultural forces and norm conflict. Process: Socialization forces, Crime is a function of upbringing, learning and control. Peers, parents, and teachers influence behavior Conflict: Economic and political forces, Crime is a function of competition for limited resources and power. Class conflict produce crime Developmental: Multiple forces, Biological, social psychological, economic and political forces may combine to produce crime

What's the difference between crime and deviance?

Crime (breaking law) vs. Deviance (behavior that violates the social norm),

What is domestic servitude?

Domestic servitude - slaves work in the house of the master/owner tending to all household activities

Are profits from slavery greater today or greater back in early slavery days?

Early Days, ex. the great wall was built by slaves

Comparing national incarceration to IL incarceration, how does it compare? (More, less or same than national average)

Illinois incarceration rate has mirrored the national rate, increasing approx 500% since the 1970 IL consistently ranks in the top 10 states for incarceration rates in the US 97% of inmates released in IL return to the communities they were removed from

What is happening to female incarceration rates in the US?

Incarcerated males far outnumber females but females are increasing for many crime types. Chivalry hypothesis is fading. (drugs, violence, gangs)

What is indentured servitude?

Indentured servitude and debt bondage - contract for fee for certain period of e kids artime - could be sold to another, free labor to pay for services, debts, transportation - often the terms are subjective

How many countries still have legal slavery?

It is illegal in every country

Whos the author of Blood and Earth?

Kevin Bale

How are most slaves today acquired?

Kidnapped Most victims are kidnapped from their poor families whom they will never see again (children stolen - can't ID parents) or sold by their desperate parents for a small sum to help feed the other family members Starts at salve sale houses in underdeveloped countries. After being sold for as little as $20 each, the men, women and children are transported

How does sex tourism impact the spread of disease?

Makes it worse because participants are not always aware of the diseases.

What are mandatory minimum sentences?

Mandatory sentencing laws stripped judges of their ability to exercise judicial discretion, especially impacting drug offenders 1986 - Pot possession 1st)2-5 years; 2nd) 5-10 1986 Crack - 5g vs 500 powder =5years, 50g vs 500 g= 10 years Current:LSD 1 gram including medium = 5 year minimum; 2nd 10 life Dropped many mandatory min in 2013 and some say heroin and fentanyl

Alexander Solzhenitsyn

Nobel Prize Winner - The Gulag Archipelago (1974 officially published 1989) - critically acclaimed book about the slave labor system in Russia under Lenin and Stalin - a prisoner himself (1945 letters criticizing Stalin) he tells of the 66 million+ men, women, and children secretly trafficked into slave labor at camps throughout Russia (1918-1956). The book is 3 massive volumes and uncovers what few knew or spoke of - KGB were after him and he had to secretly write this book - Slave labor documented as an integral means of Russia becoming a superpower. His female typist was tortured into telling where one of the copies of the book was hidden - 3 days after her release she killed herself. He was expelled from Soviet Union in 1974 but returned to Russia in 1994. Died in Moscow in 2008 at 89.

When people get in trouble - arrested, incarceration, they get out and get in trouble AGAIN - what's this process called?

Recidivism - incarcerated persons being released and then reoffending and returning to prison One reason that recidivism rates are high is that there's very little rehabilitation, In essence, prisons contribute to the recidivism problem Within 3 years 7 out of 10 (70%) released males will be back in prison

Prison population

Presently, 2.3 million people are behind bars in one of the nation's prisons or jails on any given day,The United States, the world's most industrialized and wealthiest nation, is also the country with the world's highest rates of incarceration

People getting out - what is that getting out called, technical term?

Released from prison

Which type of slavery today is the fastest growing?

Sex slaves

Recent research on incarceration has focused on which two areas?

The destabilizing effects of forcedulation migration through incarceration on the population remaining in the community The effects of offender reentry on the already destabilized population of the receiving community (There has been less focus on the relationship between incarceration and potentially exacerbated adverse health conditions)

What was the first colony in North America that acquired slaves?

The first English colony in North America, Virginia, acquired its first Africans in 1619, after a dutch ship arrived that has taken them from a spanish ship, unsolicited, carrying cargo of about 20 africans.

What's the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor? (length of time and place served)

length of time and place served, distinguishable based on punishment Felony Greater than a year Prison Misdemeanor Less than a year Jails (more people)