Clinical ABG quiz

An acute increase in Pa CO 2 of 10 to 15 mm Hg causes a corresponding increase in plasma H CO 3- of how many mEq/L?

1.

For the test of collateral circulation in an Allen's Test, "pinking up" of the hand is normal if it occurs within ______ seconds.

10-15.

What is the normal value for CaO2?

16-20 vol%.

Which of the following ratios of HCO3/PaCO2 results in a pH of 7.40?

20:1.

An arterial puncture site normally should be compressed for a minimum of ______ minutes after the puncture.

3 to 5.

What is the normal value for arterial pH?

7.35 to 7.45.

What is the normal value for PaO2 in the adult patient?

80-100 mm Hg.

Which of the following could cause the patient's problem?

Acute airway obstruction.

Which of the following tests is performed to check the collateral circulation of the radial artery before puncture?

Allen's test.

What is a decrease in tissue oxygenation called?

Hypoxia.

What could cause tissue hypoxia with normal arterial oxygenation?

Inadequate cardiac output.

Which of the following is true regarding oxygen-carrying capacity?

It is decreased.

Which of the following is a true statement regarding the term hypoxemia?

It occurs when the patient's PaO2 is lower than predicted.

Answer the following questions based on the following blood gas data: pH 7.28 PaCO2 67 mm Hg PaO2 49 mm Hg SaO2 76% Hb 10.1 g/dL CaO 210.4 vol% Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L Base excess -2 mEq/L Respiratory rate 25 beats/min FIO2 0.70 Which of the following is true regarding the PaO2?

It shows moderate hypoxemia.

Which of the following could cause metabolic acidosis?

Renal disease.

Which of the following is true regarding respiratory alkalosis?

The PaCO2 is less than 35 mm Hg.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the accuracy of the reported results?

The pH is reported considerably higher than it should be.

A patient has the following ABG results:pH 7.25, Pa CO 2 32 mm Hg, H CO 3- 16 mEq/L, base excess -10 mEq/LBased on these findings, the patient has which of the following?

Uncompensated metabolic acidosis.

A 17-year-old man is brought into the emergency department. Vitals are as follows: pulse, 100 beats/min; respiratory rate, 4 breaths/min; and blood pressure, 100/65 mm Hg. The patient was at a party, where he was discovered by his friends to be slumped in a chair and unresponsive. ABG results are as follows:pH 7.29, Pa CO 2 68 mm Hg, H CO 3- 29 mEq/L, BE + 1 mEq/LThe patient's acid-base status is classified as which of the following?

Uncompensated respiratory acidosis.

The acid-base status is classifies as which of the following?

Uncompensated respiratory acidosis.

A 35-year-old, 54-kg woman with congestive heart failure enters the emergency department short of breath. An ABG shows the following results:pH 7.50, Pa CO 2 30 mm Hg, H CO 3- 23 mEq/L, base excess +2 mEq/LThe patient's ABG results indicate which of the following?

Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis.

What is the most common physiological cause of hypoxemia in patients with lung disease?

V/Q Mismatch.

Which of the following is the most common site for arterial puncture?

Radial artery.

Which of the following would be the best indicator of tissue oxygenation?

PvO2.

Which of the following is the best indicator of metabolic acid-base status?

Base excess.

Before an ABG value is obtained, the patient's clotting parameters should be evaluated because?

Bleeding time may be prolonged if they are abnormal.

What is the primary method of transporting O2 in the blood?

Bound to Hgb.

Which of the following would be best used to assess arterial oxygenation?

CaO2.

What is the direct effect of an increased PaCO2 on HCO3?

Causes it to increase.

Given the following ABG results, interpret the acid-base status:pH 7.44, Pa CO 2 25 mm Hg, H CO 3- 17 mEq/L, base excess -6 mEq/L.

Compensated respiratory alkalosis.

A shift to the right in the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve has what effect on the affinity of hgb for O2?

Decreased.

What is often the first clinical sign that suggests the presence of hypoxemia?

Exertional dyspnea.

Which of the following shifts the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to the left?

Fetal Hgb.

A 32-year-old man comes to the ED after a traffic accident with the following data: pulse 118 beats/min; respiratory rate, 27 breaths/min; blood pressure, 100/68 mm Hg; paradoxical chest movement on the left side; breath sounds decreased on the left; and ABG on room air (21%) as follows: pH, 7.32; Pa CO 2, 70 mm Hg; PaO2, 57 mm Hg; H CO 3-, 23 mEq/L; base excess, 0; SaO2, 86%, CaO2, 15.2 vol%; Hb, 13.0 g/dL; P(A - a)O2, 18 mm Hg. Based on this information, what is the primary cause of the patient's hypoxemia?

Overall hypoventilation.

Which of the following parameters is the respiratory component of acid-base status?

PaCO2.

What defines acidosis in a human?

pH <7.35.

Which of the following is a correct representation of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

pH = pK + log H CO 3- /(Pa CO 2 ´ 0.03).

The negative log of the hydrogen ion concentration is defined as which of the following?

pH.