Clinical Chemistry Compre

Which of the following proteins predict short term risk of premature delivery? a. Troponin b. Myoglobin c. Adiponectin d. Fibronectin

d. Fibronectin

Which of the following evacuated tubes is a glycolytic inhibitor tube? a. Yellow top tube b. Green top tube c. Blue top tube d. Gray top tube

d. Gray top tube (Maam asuncion answered A tho...lol)

All of the following are Apo B containing lipoproteins EXCEPT: a. Chylomicrons b. VLDL c. LDL d. HDL

d. HDL

Which of the following lipoprotein has antiatherogenic property? a. VLDL b. IDL c. LDL d. HDL

d. HDL

Which of the following specimen cannot be used for creatinine measurement? a. 24 hour urine b. Non-lipemic serum c. Non fasting specimen d. NOTA

d. NOTA

A control cannot be a substitute for a standard, but a standard can serve as a check on an entire procedure and technique. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. A - 1st statement true, 2nd statement false B - 1st statement false, 2nd statement true C - both statements true D - both statements false

A

LDL elevation only Match the Frederickson Hyperlipoproteinemia: A. IIa B. IIb C. III D. IV E. V

A

Nitrogen content is measured A. Kjeldahl Method B. Biuret Reaction C. Folin-Lowry D. Dye-Binding

A

Triglycerides measurement requires 12-hour fasting as well as cholesterol measurement. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. A - 1st statement true, 2nd statement false B - 1st statement false, 2nd statement true C - both statements true D - both statements false

A

Mousy/musty odor A. Phenylketonuria B. Tyrosinemia C. Maple Syrup Urine Disease D. Alkaptonuria E. Isovaleric Acidemia

A . Phenylketonuria

The concentration of this NPN compound is dependent on renal function and perfusion, protein content of the diet and the amount of protein catabolism. A. Blood Urea Nitrogen B. Amino Acid C. Uric Acid D. Creatinine E. Ammonia

A. Blood Urea Nitrogen

Beer-Lambert's Law is the basis of electrophoretic measurement, which states that the concentration of a substance is directly proportional to the amount of light absorbed and inversely proportional to the transmitted light. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. A - 1st statement true, 2nd statement false B - 1st statement false, 2nd statement true C - both statements true D - both statements false

B

Copper forms purple colored complex with peptide bonds A. Kjeldahl Method B. Biuret Reaction C. Folin-Lowry D. Dye-Binding

B

Coronary heart disease can be diagnosed by running lipid profile tests because it provides measures of risk for this disease. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. A - 1st statement true, 2nd statement false B - 1st statement false, 2nd statement true C - both statements true D - both statements false

B

LDL and VLDL elevation Match the Frederickson Hyperlipoproteinemia: A. IIa B. IIb C. III D. IV E. V

B

Cabbage-like odor A. Phenylketonuria B. Tyrosinemia C. Maple Syrup Urine Disease D. Alkaptonuria E. Isovaleric Acidemia

B. Tyrosinemia

Chylomicrons and VLDL remnants elevation Match the Frederickson Hyperlipoproteinemia: A. IIa B. IIb C. III D. IV E. V

C

Fibrinogen is the only protein found in plasma but not in serum and it can be measured using Parfentjev and Howe's method. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. A - 1st statement true, 2nd statement false B - 1st statement false, 2nd statement true C - both statements true D - both statements false

C

Majority of uric acid in the plasma is relatively insoluble in the form of monosodium urates, which when increased may lead to its precipitation causing development of renal calculi. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. A - 1st statement true, 2nd statement false B - 1st statement false, 2nd statement true C - both statements true D - both statements false

C

One of the limitation of standard curve is when the absorbance reading of the unknown is out of the linearity value, however, this can be remedied by diluting the specimen. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. A - 1st statement true, 2nd statement false B - 1st statement false, 2nd statement true C - both statements true D - both statements false

C

Phenol oxidation results to deep blue color A. Kjeldahl Method B. Biuret Reaction C. Folin-Lowry D. Dye-Binding

C

Quality management ensures that the laboratory information released are reliable because its number one priority are the patients. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. A - 1st statement true, 2nd statement false B - 1st statement false, 2nd statement true C - both statements true D - both statements false

C

Burnt sugar odor A. Phenylketonuria B. Tyrosinemia C. Maple Syrup Urine Disease D. Alkaptonuria E. Isovaleric Acidemia

C. Maple Syrup Urine Disease

This NPN compound is associated with Lesch Nyhan Syndrome, which is caused by complete deficiency of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. A. Blood Urea Nitrogen B. Amino Acid C. Uric Acid D. Creatinine E. Ammonia

C. Uric acid

This NPN compound is found to be increased in purine rich diet, toxemia or pregnancy and lactic acidosis. A. Blood Urea Nitrogen B. Amino Acid C. Uric Acid D. Creatinine E. Ammonia

C. Uric acid

Friedewald equation is used to derived VLDL value when total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL values are measured and is said to be accurate even with TG level of over 400mg/dL. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. A - 1st statement true, 2nd statement false B - 1st statement false, 2nd statement true C - both statements true D - both statements false

D

Spectral shift in the absorbance maximum of Coomassie blue A. Kjeldahl Method B. Biuret Reaction C. Folin-Lowry D. Dye-Binding

D

Type 2 DM have ketotic tendencies because of the increase level of somatostatin increasing gluconeogenesis and lipolysis. MODIFIED TRUE OR FALSE. A - 1st statement true, 2nd statement false B - 1st statement false, 2nd statement true C - both statements true D - both statements false

D

VLDL elevation only Match the Frederickson Hyperlipoproteinemia: A. IIa B. IIb C. III D. IV E. V

D

Turns to brownish-black color A. Phenylketonuria B. Tyrosinemia C. Maple Syrup Urine Disease D. Alkaptonuria E. Isovaleric Acidemia

D. Alkaptonuria

Measurement of this NPN compound determines the severity of kidney damage and sufficiency of kidney function as well as monitors the progression of kidney disease. A. Blood Urea Nitrogen B. Amino Acid C. Uric Acid D. Creatinine E. Ammonia

D. Creatinine

Plasma level of this NPN compound is insensitive to mild renal dysfunction and its increase reflects abnormal glomerular function. A. Blood Urea Nitrogen B. Amino Acid C. Uric Acid D. Creatinine E. Ammonia

D. Creatinine

Chylomicrons and VLDL elevation Match the Frederickson Hyperlipoproteinemia: A. IIa B. IIb C. III D. IV E. V

E

Increased concentration of this NPN compound is associated with hepatic failure, Reye's syndrome and inherited deficiency of all urea cycle enzymes. A. Blood Urea Nitrogen B. Amino Acid C. Uric Acid D. Creatinine E. Ammonia

E. Ammonia

Sweaty feet odor A. Phenylketonuria B. Tyrosinemia C. Maple Syrup Urine Disease D. Alkaptonuria E. Isovaleric Acidemia

E. Isovaleric Acidemia

A 24-hour urine sample submitted to the laboratory for creatinine determination has a total volume of 1500mL. A 1:200 dilution of the specimen was prepared by which of the following procedure? a. 0.1mL of urine added to 20mL of distilled water b. 0.1mL of urine added to 1.9mL of distilled water c. 0.2mL of urine added to 2.0mL of distilled water d. 0.2mL of urine added to 1.8mL of distilled water e. No answer

E. No answer

Which of the following is the normality of 100g H2SO4 dissolved in 500mL of distilled water? (gmw HCl=36) a. 12.5N b. 11.1N c. 9.5N d. 8.6N e. No answer

E. No answer

Which of the following factors affect HbA1c level? a. RBC life span and average glucose concentration b. RBC count and urine glucose concentration c. Hemoglobin and Hematocrit level d. AOTA

a. RBC life span and average glucose concentration

The following reasons maybe considered to reject the specimen EXCEPT: a. Clots present in an anticoagulated specimen b. Improper transport condition c. Unlabeled of mislabeled specimen d. NOTA

d. NOTA

Which of the following hormones is from the delta cells of the islets of Langerhans and whose action is to regulate the action of glucagon and insulin? a. Somatostatin b. Thyroxine c. Epinephrine d. Cortisol

a. Somatostatin

Which of the following refers to an extreme form of hypobetalipoproteinemia wherein the HDL-C is as low as 1-2mg/dL? a. Tangier's disease b. Von Gierke's disease c. Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome d. NOTA e. E?????

a. Tangier's disease or e. E????? *maam asuncion answered E, even tho the answer is Tangier's disease lol

It exists when six or more consecutive control values increase or decrease by moving in one direction either above or below the mean? a. Trend b. Shift c. Either d. Neither

a. Trend

Which of the following is the percent concentration of a solution (w/v) containing 300g of MgCl2 dissolved in 2.5L of distilled water? a. 12% b. 13% c. 24% d. 25%

a. 12%

1-hour postload og 50g oral glucose with a result of >/=7.8mmol/L on a GDM suspected mother can be confirmed by doing which of the following? a. 3-hour OGTT using 100g glucose load b. 3-hour OGTT using 75g glucose load c. Either A or B d. Neither A or B

a. 3-hour OGTT using 100g glucose load

Which of the following statements refer to analytical sensitivity? a. Ability of an analytical procedure to measure small amounts of a component in a specimen b. Ability of an analytical procedure to measure accurately one component in a specimen without interference by other components that is also present c. Ability of the procedure to measure an abnormally high concentration of analyte in a specimen accurately d. AOTA

a. Ability of an analytical procedure to measure small amounts of a component in a specimen

Which of the following drugs inhibits xanthine oxidase? a. Allopurinol b. Statins c. Fibric acid d. NOTA

a. Allopurinol

Which of the following proteins is found to be decreased in Down syndrome, increased in cases of spina bifida and has no function in adult? a. Alpha fetoprotein b. Alpha-2-macroglobulin c. Alpha 1-antitrypsin d. AOTA

a. Alpha fetoprotein

Which of the following is based on the principle of light emission by a substance as a result of chemical reaction? a. Chemiluminescence b. Turbidimetry c. Fluorescence d. Nephelometry

a. Chemiluminescence

Which of the following lipoprotein is the largest and least dense? a. Chylomicrons b. VLDL c. LDL d. HDL

a. Chylomicrons

When using plasma in the measurement of uric acid, which of the following anticoagulant should not be used because they/it inactivate/s the enzyme uricase? a. EDTA and fluoride b. Citrate c. Heparin d. AOTA

a. EDTA and fluoride

Which of the following statements DOES NOT refer to a standard solution? a. It stimulates the chemical composition and physical characteristics of unknown specimen b. A solution of known absolute concentrations c. Its value is established by an analytical procedure different from that used in the clinical laboratory d. NOTA

a. It stimulates the chemical composition and physical characteristics of unknown specimen → this is the definition of a CONTROL

Which of the following monochromators separate white light into a continuous spectrum through refraction? a. Quartz prism b. Interference filter c. Diffraction grating d. AOTA

a. Quartz prism

Which of the following Westgard rule allows high sensitivity to random errors? a. 12s b. 13s c. R4s d. 41s

b. 13s

Which of the following statement is associated with uric acid? a. 99% excreted and remaining fraction is reabsorbed in the proximal tubules b. 98-100% is reabsorbed in the glomerular filtrate c. 50% is reabsorbed in the glomerular d. None of theabove

b. 98-100% is reabsorbed in the glomerular filtrate

The following statements are associated with transthyretin or prealbumin EXCEPT: a. Transports T3 and T4 b. Binds and transports free hemoglobin c. BInds with retinol binding protein to transport retinol Marker of poor nutritionalstatus

b. Binds and transports free hemoglobin

Which of the following is FALSE concerning principles of POCT devices? a. The same as that of the laboratory based instrument b. Devices does not require quality control testing c. Whole blood is the preferred specimen d. AOTA

b. Devices does not require quality control testing

In glycolysis, glucose is being converted to pyruvate or lactate for which of the following end products? a. Glycogen b. Energy c. Fatty acids d. Amino acids

b. Energy

The following are insulin action that results to normal level of glucose in the blood, EXCEPT: a. Enhances lipogenesis b. Enhances gluconeogenesis c. Increased movement of glucose into the cells d. Inhibits glycogenolysis

b. Enhances gluconeogenesis

The following are the methods which can be used for detecting Type I DM autoantibodies EXCEPT: a. Radiobinding assay b. Fluorometric assay c. Immunohistochemical technique using GOD d. Enzyme linked immunosorbentassay

b. Fluorometric assay

Which of the following conditions results when glucose concentration exceeds the renal threshold for glucose which is 180 mg/dL? a. Hyperglycemia b. Glucosuria c. Proteinuria d. Polyuria

b. Glucosuria

The following are sources of systematic errors, EXCEPT: a. Improper calibration b. Improper missing of sample and reagents c. Sample instability d. Deterioration of reagents

b. Improper missing of sample and reagents

Which of the following analytes should not be measured on hemolysed specimen? a. BUN b. K c. Crea d. AOTA

b. K

Which of the following minor lipoproteins is found in patients with obstructive biliary disease and in patients with familial LCAT deficiency? a. B-VLDL b. LpX c. Lp(a) d. IDL

b. LpX

This protein acts as oxygen carrying protein found in the striated, skeletal and cardiac muscles. a. Troponin b. Myoglobin c. Adiponectin d. Fibronectin

b. Myoglobin

Which of the following activities is not associated with quality control program? a. Assay of control samples b. Personnel orientation c. Instrument maintenance d. Proficiency testing survey

b. Personnel orientation

Which of the following lipids is a conjugated lipid of glycerol backbone with two fatty acids and one phosphatidic acid attached? a. Glycolipid b. Phospholipid c. Sulfolipid Lipoprotein

b. Phospholipid

It is a comprehensive set of policies and procedures developed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of laboratory testing: a. Laboratory documentation b. Quality assurance c. Proficiency testing program d. Qualitycontrol

b. Quality assurance

Which of the following refers to the average distance from the center of the data and every value in the data and every value in the data set? a. Coefficient of variation b. Standard deviation c. Median d. Mode

b. Standard deviation

Which of the following separation mechanism in chromatography is based on the molecular size. a. Partition b. Steric exclusion c. Adsorption d. Absorption

b. Steric exclusion

Which of the following are included in lipid profile tests? a. Total Cholesterol, TG, Phospholipids, Fatty acids b. TC, TG, HDL, VLDL, LDL c. TC, TG, HDL, IDL, LDL d. TC, TG, HDL, VLDL, fatty acids

b. TC, TG, HDL, VLDL, LDL

Using the same date of item #3, the creatinine level of the diluted urine specimen obtained was 0.8mg/dL. Which of the following corresponds to the urine creatinine concentration of the original sample? a. 180mg/dL b. 150mg/dL c. 160mg/dL (0.8*200) d. 100mg/dL

c. 160mg/dL (0.8*200)

Which of the following is the molarity of a solution containing 400g of HCl dissolved in 1.5 liters of distilled water? (gms of HCl = 36) a. 6.4M b. 6.3M c. 7.4M d. 7.8M

c. 7.4M

Which of the following is a graphical representation of observed values of a control material over time in the context of the upper and lower control limits? a. Levey Jennings b. Shewhart plot c. A and B d. Neither A or B

c. A and B

Which of the following dye may be used to stain protein bands after electrophoresis: a. Oil Red O b. Sudan Black B c. Amido Black d. Bromcresolpurple

c. Amido Black

Which of the following is true with regards to fluorometry? a. It has low specificity and not sensitive b. The detector is always placed at right angles to the excitation beam c. Certain molecules absorb light at a given frequency and then re-emit that light at a different and longer frequency d. Uses diffraction grating monochromator

c. Certain molecules absorb light at a given frequency and then re-emit that light at a different and longer frequency

An amphipathic lipid which serves as precursor of steroid hormones: a. Fatty acids b. Triglycerides c. Cholesterol d. Phospholipid

c. Cholesterol

The following items are included under pre-analytical phase of laboratory procedure? a. Quality control program, machine calibration b. Encoding of results, releasing of result form c. Correct patient ID, checking of request forms, specimen preparation d. AOTA

c. Correct patient ID, checking of request forms, specimen preparation

When checking for the validity of the test procedure, we always look at the control values and compare them with: a. Normal range b. Reference range c. Expected range d. AOTA

c. Expected range

Which of the following method considered the reference method for glucose measurement because of the coupling using G6PD is highly specific? a. Glucose oxidase method b. Hagedorn Jensen method c. Hexokinase method O-toluidinemethod

c. Hexokinase method

Significant role of quality control program includes the following EXCEPT: a. Detects analytical processes b. Monitor analytical processes c. Monitor post analytical processes d. Prevent the reporting of incorrect patient values

c. Monitor post analytical processes

Which of the following statements is/are associated with Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young? a. Dominantly inherited disorder on insulin dependent diabetes typically diagnosed before 25 y/o b. HbA1c is normal c. Mutations in the GCK and HNF1A d. AOTA

c. Mutations in the GCK and HNF1A

According to American Diabetes Association, the following are the diagnostic criteria for DM, EXCEPT: a. RBS >200mg/dL or 11.1mmol/L (2 diff. occasions) w/ signs and symptoms b. FBS >126mg/dL w signs and symptoms c. PPBS >150 with NO signs and symptoms d. OGTT >200mg/dL

c. PPBS >150 with NO signs and symptoms

Control serum are run simultaneously with the known specimen to be able to check the following EXCEPT: a. Instrument b. Chemical reagents c. Patient's identification d. Expertise on the medtech

c. Patient's identification

In Embden Meyerhof, the following substrates may enter the pathway, EXCEPT: a. Glycerol b. Fatty acids c. Uric Acid d. Ketones

c. Uric Acid

Which of the following method measures the nitrogen content of urea? a. Modified Jaffe's Method b. Henry's Method c. Xanthydrol Method d. Conway Method

c. Xanthydrol Method

Which of the following changes occur if there is a delay in separation of serum from the clotted cells after centrifugation? a. Lipid concentration b. Increase in plasma proteins c. Urea and Ammonium ions d. AOTA

d. AOTA

Which of the following compounds is/are produced by the liver through fatty acid metabolism as energy source when carbohydrates are low? a. Acetone b. Acetoacetic acid c. 3-B-hydroxybutyric acid d. AOTA

d. AOTA

Which of the following hormones is/are released when blood glucose level is 65-70mg/dL so as to bring back the glucose to the fasting level? a. Glucagon b. Somatostatin c. Epinephrine d. AOTA

d. AOTA

Which of the following is/are function/s of HDL? a. Anti-apoptotic b. Anti-oxidant c. Anti-thrombotic d. AOTA

d. AOTA

Which of the following statements is NOT associated with Type 1 DM? a. Autoimmune destruction of beta cells b. Juvenile onset DM c. Absolute insulin secretion deficiency d. Adult onset DM

d. Adult onset DM→ seen in Type 2DM

Which of the following apolipoprotein is a plasminogen inhibitor? a. Apo A-1 b. Apo B-48 c. Apo B-100 d. Apo(a)

d. Apo(a)

Which of the following statements is not true with regards to random errors? a. Manifested by variations in the results of repeated analysis of the same sample b. unavoidable but recognizable c. Indeterminate errors with no trend or mean of predicting it d. Can always be traced back to a definite cause which may be isolated and eliminated

d. Can always be traced back to a definite cause which may be isolated and eliminated

Which of the following is not a laboratory findings in cases of hyperglycemia? a. Increase glucose in the plasma and urine b. Increase urine specific gravity c. Electrolyte imbalance d. Decreased serum and urine osmolality

d. Decreased serum and urine osmolality

The following are the basis of carbohydrates classification, EXCEPT: a. Number of sugar units b. Stereochemistry of the compound c. Location of the CO functional group d. Pathway of metabolism

d. Pathway of metabolism

Which of the following principles is employed by dry slide analyzers? a. Fluorometry b. Mass Spectrometry c. Immunofluorescence d. Reflectance Spectrometry

d. Reflectance Spectrometry

Removal of excess cholesterol from the cells to the liver happens in what metabolic pathway of lipoprotein metabolism? a. Lipid absorption b. Exogenous c. Endogenous d. Reverse cholesterol transport

d. Reverse cholesterol transport

Which of the following is the preferred specimen for glucose analysis? a. EDTA plasma b. Fluoride oxalate plasma c. Heparinized plasma d. Serum

d. Serum

In immunoassays, antigen-antibody binding is dependent on the following EXCEPT: a. Specificity of antibody to antigen b. Concentration of each reactant c. Affinity and avidity for pair d. pH of thebuffer

d. pH of the buffer

The following factors affect migration rate of solutes in an electrophoretic field EXCEPT: a. Buffer pH b. Temperature c. Electrical voltage d. Molecular weight e. NONE

e. NONE