CLP4314 Health Psychology CH 11 - 15 quizzes (in progress)
Women live, on average, _____ years longer than men.
5
According to research, how do pessimism and psychological distress affect the course of cancer?
They alter the function of the body's immune system, which allows cancer to flourish.
Japanese American women are more susceptible to breast cancer the longer they have lived in the United States and the more they have adopted the American culture.
True
Known risk factors account for less than half of all newly diagnosed cases of coronary heart disease (CHD), suggesting that a number of risk factors have yet to identified.
True
Kübler-Ross's theory has made an important contribution in identifying the universal stages of dying and breaking the taboo surrounding death.
True
Low socioeconomic status (SES) is linked to higher rates of chronic illness and low-birth-weight babies.
True
Many chronic health disorders lead to a decrease in sexual activity.
True
Medical measures are weakly related to patients' or relatives' assessments of quality of life.
True
Past sexual practice is an important predictor of AIDS-related risk behaviors.
True
Patients are entirely dependent on medical staff for amelioration of their pain.
True
Research suggests that expressing anger is more reliably associated with cardiovascular reactivity than the state of anger.
True
Sometimes, children must be exposed to isolating and terrifying procedures to treat their chronic health disorder.
True
Studies have found impaired immune functioning among bereaved individuals.
True
Studies with human subjects indicate that exposure to stressors is related to immunologic change.
True
Successful cardiac rehabilitation depends critically on the patient's active participation and commitment.
True
Terminally ill patients shift from traditional to nontraditional medical care when their health and communication deteriorates.
True
The Internet is a good source of information about skills for coping with common health disorder-related problems.
True
Compared with whites, young black males are more likely to die because of
homicide.
Type II diabetes
is a non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
The combination of obesity centered around the waist, high blood pressure, high levels of triglycerides, and low levels of HDL cholesterol are symptoms of
metabolic syndrome.
A systolic pressure consistently between 140 and 159 indicates
mild hypertension.
Evidence suggests that some of the adverse effects of depression on immunity may be partially due to
sleep disturbances.
Those who study death and dying are called
thanatologists.
"John Henryism" is a personality predisposition
that enables a person to actively cope with psychosocial stressors.
Cognitive-behavioral intervention programs that work with other at-risk populations may not work as well with IV drug users because
they lack good impulse control.
The first step in developing cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life is
to conduct initial assessment during the acute period.
When young children experience the impending death of a sibling, the best approach is
to inform them in advance about the impending death.
Which of the following is a goal of physical rehabilitation?
to learn the ways of controlling energy expenditure
Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs are used in cardiac rehabilitation
to resist the effects of sympathetic nervous system stimulation.
Which of the following best predicts compliance with a diabetic treatment regimen?
training diabetics in self-management and problem-solving skills
According to Turk and Feldman (1992a, 1992b), the hospitalized terminally ill patient runs the risk of being _____ by the medical staff.
undermedicated
The major cause of death in the age group 15 to 19 is
unintentional injury.
Risk factors for heart disease begin to cluster by age _____, especially for those low in socioeconomic status (SES).
14
Collins et al., (1990) reported that more than ________ percent of the cancer patients in their study reported at least some beneficial changes in their life as a result of the cancer.
90
____ are disproportionately exposed to chronic stress and are at an elevated risk for coronary heart disease (CHD).
African Americans
Which of the following statements is true of the racial and ethnic differences in health?
African Americans have a higher infant mortality rate than Whites.
Identify a true statement about children's understanding of death.
At the age of 9 or 10, children typically have some understanding of the processes involved in death.
What is one reason that death becomes more realistic and feared among middle-aged adults?
At this age, death becomes more common and rates of chronic health conditions increase.
Depression in people who are hostile and in African Americans is closely linked to
C-reactive protein.
_____ levels are indicative of inflammatory activity and may increase in response to stress.
Cytokine
Which of the following is a health trend in the United States?
Death rates for the two leading causes of death—heart disease and cancer—have declined since the 1990s.
_____ is the most common difficulty experienced as a result of cancer.
Depression
_____ is a subfield within psychology that gives importance to studies on health of children and the factors affecting it.
Developmental psychology
_____ medicine is the conscientious, explicit, judicious use of the best scientific proof for making decisions about the care of individual patients.
Evidence-based
Mild hypertension is defined by a diastolic pressure consistently between 105 and 119.
Fales
Across the life span, women seem to be protected against coronary heart disease relative to men.
False
Identifying patients with metabolic syndrome rarely helps predict heart attacks.
False
People suffering from Type 1 diabetes usually have high adherence to self-management programs.
False
People who are high in cynical hostility generally have a high level of social support.
False
People who have intermittent bouts of depression are less likely to get heart disease, atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, dementia, osteoporosis, and Type II diabetes.
False
Physical therapists plan and direct recreational activities to help patients become more self-sufficient.
False
Physician-assisted dying is legal in all fifty states.
False
Psychotherapy with medical patients is more likely to be continuous than episodic.
False
The adverse effect of low socioeconomic status on health is true only for men and is not associated with women.
False
The elderly (over age 65) are generally less prepared to face death than are the young.
False
The issue of treatment effectiveness is becoming less urgent because behavioral and psychological interventions have become well established in managed health care systems.
False
The most prevalent of the autoimmune diseases is cancer.
False
There is no decisive proof that psychological and biological states influence each other.
False
There is no role for health psychologists in international health.
False
_____ testing enables an increasing number of people to know that they have a risk for illness even before they develop that illness.
Genetic
_____ involves a delicate balance between insulin production and insulin responsiveness.
Glucose metabolism
Juan is very stressed about his recent divorce. He is preoccupied with thoughts of his ex-wife. How is this stress likely to affect his immune system?
He will show poor immune functioning when under stress.
_____ have an important role to play in addressing thorny issues such as assisted suicide, living will, and the patient's right to die.
Health psychologists
_____ play an important role in creating responsible and informed health care consumers and in the development and design of health services.
Health psychologists
________ is a functional somatic disorder.
Irritable bowel syndrome
Which of the following statements is true about osteoarthritis?
It involves the deterioration of cartilage in weight-bearing joints.
Identify a true statement about rheumatoid arthritis.
It is a disease in which complete recovery is possible.
Which of the following statements is true about hospice care?
It is oriented toward improving a patient's social support system.
In the context of health care, which of the following statements is true of the United States?
It spends more on health care than any other country in the world.
Which of the following is true of caregiving?
It threatens the health of elderly caregivers.
Who among the following patients is likely to be better adjusted and most successful in coping with HIV infection?
John, who feels that he has some control over the disease and has taken responsibility for his treatment
_____ is a form of cancer that strikes the bone marrow, producing an excessive number of white blood cells and leading to severe anemia and other complications.
Leukemia
Who among the following is likely to have low natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity?
Martha, who is using avoidant coping methods to cope with the stress caused by the death of a friend
Which of the following statements is true of the impact of social factors on coronary heart disease (CHD)?
Migrants have a high incidence of CHD.
Ninety percent of hypertension is essential, meaning that it is
NOT a primary symptom. NOT related to metabolic syndrome.
Which of the following contains the correct match between a cardiovascular disease term and its meaning?
NOT hypertension: clot in the coronary artery NOT myocardial infarction: high blood pressure
_____ is a generalized defense against pathogens.
Natural immunity
________ help patients regain physical, mental, or emotional stability; relearn daily routines, such as eating, dressing, writing, or using a telephone; and prepare for employment.
Occupational therapists
_____ develops when the smooth lining of a joint, known as the articular cartilage, begins to crack or wear away because of overuse, injury, or other causes.
Osteoarthritis
_____ is an autoimmune disease that tends to affect the weight-bearing joints: the hips, knees, and spine.
Osteoarthritis
_____ is a subfield within psychology that focuses heavily on the biology and neurological aspects of health psychology.
Physiological psychology
Which of the following statements is true of interventions for health-related issues?
Policy interventions are essential to tackle health problems.
________ refers to the evaluation of whether one feels good or bad about one's personal qualities and attributes.
Self-esteem
In the denial stage, patients act as if the illness is not severe, and it will shortly go away.
True
Which of the following statements is true of the recent trends in international health?
Smoking has increased in developing countries.
Which of the following statements is true of social support?
Social support is likely to benefit both the provider and the recipient.
In the context of cardiac rehabilitation, which of the following statements is true of social support?
Social support predicts a decreased likelihood of smoking.
_____ are the most common drugs prescribed for patients following an acute coronary event or a stroke, particularly if they have elevated lipids.
Statins
Which of the following statements is true of cognitive-behavioral interventions?
They can help in maintaining adherence.
Which of the following statements is true of short-term stressors?
They elicit immune responses that anticipate the entry of infectious agents into the bloodstream.
In the context of coronary heart disease (CHD), which of the following statements is true about women?
They experience an increased risk of CHD after menopause.
Which of the following is true of terminally ill children?
They often know more about their situation than they are given credit for.
Which of the following statements is true about terminally ill children?
They use cues from their treatment and others' responses to infer the nature of their medical condition.
_____ is a useful indicator of the functional capacity of recovering myocardial infarction patients.
Treadmill test
A person may test HIV-seropositive (HIV+) but be free of a diagnosis of AIDS for years.
True
A poor body image increases risk for depression and anxiety.
True
African Americans have higher rates of most chronic diseases and disorders than whites.
True
Although more male than female fetuses are conceived, more males are stillborn or miscarried than are females, and male babies are more likely to die than females.
True
Americans have made substantial gains in changing their poor health habits, including reduced consumption of high-cholesterol and high-fat foods.
True
Care for people with chronic health disorders is notoriously irregular.
True
Diabetes is a risk factor for coronary heart disease.
True
In individuals who are at high risk for diabetes, modest weight loss and small increases in physical activity can cause significant reduction in the incidence of diabetes.
True
In terminal care, the staff may burn out from watching patient after patient die, despite their best efforts.
True
The Patient Self-Determination Act requires that all health care facilities in the United States have written policies and procedures concerning patients' wishes for life-prolonging therapy.
True
The health needs of vulnerable populations—the children, the elderly, and the poor—are given special priority in the study of stress and its reduction.
True
Vigilant coping is a risk factor for heart disease.
True
Who among the following are likely to develop AIDS the slowest?
Whites, who test positive for HIV
Which of the following statements is true about death in men and women?
Women die earlier than men only in countries where childbirth technology is poorly developed.
All cancers result from
a dysfunction in DNA.
A living will outlines
a patient's request that extraordinary life-sustaining procedures are not to be used.
Which of the following instruments is used to assess hypertension?
a sphygmomanometer
Which of the following factors is an indication of high risk for diabetes?
abnormal glycemic responsiveness to stress
After infancy, the main cause of death among children younger than age 15 is
accidents.
Succeeding through vocational and avocational activities is also an important source of self-esteem and the self-concept. Which self-evaluation aspect of the self-concept explains this?
achieving self
Analyses of the effectiveness of coping strategies in managing the stress associated with chronic health disorders conclude that
active coping is more consistently associated with good adjustment.
Children typically do not attain an adult understanding of death until
age nine or ten.
Immediately after a chronic health disorder is diagnosed, a patient can be in a state of crisis marked by physical, social, and psychological disequilibrium. If the patient's usual coping efforts fail to resolve these problems, the result can be
an exaggeration of symptoms and their meaning.
Which of the following emotions increases the risk of heart disease, predicts poor likelihood of survival, and acts as a potential trigger for heart attacks?
anger
According to Kübler-Ross, the dying patient who asks "why me?" is experiencing
anger.
Comprehensive intervention models
are usually geared to specific diseases or disorders.
Assessment of quality of life
assesses the impact of treatments.
According to the True Vitality Test, which of these factors is important for predicting longevity.
attending religious activities
Early drug prevention programs, such as Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE), are examples of _____ programs.
behavioral immunization
Several schools organize programs that expose fifth and sixth graders to antismoking material before they begin the habit of smoking. Such programs are an example of a _____ program.
behavioral immunization
Men and women in the United States face a similar chance of developing hypertension
between ages 55 and 64.
may be a long-term reaction to chronic health disorders.
body image.
Cognitive-behavioral techniques
can be used without supervision and have no side effects.
CPR is
cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Palliative care involves
care designed to make the patient feel comfortable.
Stress management programs are increasingly incorporated into physical treatment regimens because of the debilitating effects of stress on
chronic diseases.
As the elderly population increases, a corresponding increase is expected in the incidence of
chronic disorders.
Megan has breast cancer. She is anxious and depressed. She is scared of the impending surgery. Also, she worried that the cancer might recur and that it might be fatal. Which of the following therapies is her oncologist likely to recommend to help her cope with her fear and worries?
cognitive behavioral therapy
Daniel is suffering from diabetes. He constantly wishes that his medical condition would disappear. In the context of coping strategies and chronic health disorders, Daniel is most likely using a ________ strategy.
cognitive escape
Which of the following personality qualities reflects a positive caring orientation to others?
communion
People who are diagnosed with hypertension are advised to
consume low-sodium foods.
Intervention programs for older adults should focus on
controlling alcohol consumption.
Elisabeth Kübler-Ross refers to the stage of _____ as a time for "anticipatory grief," when patients mourn the prospect of their own deaths.
depression
Patients with myocardial infraction are treated in a(n) _____ unit where their cardiac functioning is continually monitored.
coronary care
Depression exacerbates the course of several chronic disorders, most notably
coronary heart disease.
Raj, who complains of chest pain, is admitted to a hospital. The diagnosis reveals that his blood vessels have narrowed and the flow of oxygen and nourishment to his heart is partially obstructed. He is most likely suffering from
coronary heart disease.
The number-one killer in the United States, accounting for one out of every three deaths, is
coronary heart disease.
Future programs targeting the management of chronic illness must incorporate
cost-effective interventions to improve quality of life.
Which of the following stressors is most likely to affect vulnerable populations?
crowding
Cultural differences have been found in beliefs about
death-related ceremonies.
Lazarus (1983) argues that _____ early on in adjustment to life-threatening illness is both normal and useful.
denial
Therapy with the dying differs from traditional psychotherapy in that it is likely to
depend on the energy level of the patient.
According to Kübler-Ross, the dying patient who is coming to terms with his or her lack of control is experiencing
depression.
Which of the following is a risk factor for coronary heart disease?
diabetes
Eric works with people with diabetes. He helps them learn to control their caloric intake and the types of foods they eat. He is a(n)
dietitian.
Which of the following actions has been found to be associated with increased levels of CD4 and helper cells?
disclosing one's HIV+ status
Which of the following statements best defines autoimmune diseases?
diseases in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, falsely identifying them as invaders
Denial serves as a protective function
during the acute phase of the health disorder.
Chronic health disorders are
either moderate or severe and life-threatening.
In the context of health care, technology has
enabled online visits to substitute for routine office visits to physicians.
Children do better managing their diabetes regimen when their parents
ensure that the children's blood glucose levels stay steady.
Providing long-term care to friends or family members with long-term illness has been linked to adverse effects on almost all functional measures of the immune system. This can be attributed to caregivers'
experience of severe stressors.
Cancer patients who receive social support are likely to
express improved immunologic responses to cancer.
According to a study of cancer patients conducted by Dunkel-Schetter and her colleagues (1992), the most frequently cited stressor was
fear and uncertainty about the future.
Among women who are depressed in widowhood, _____ appears to be the biggest burden.
financial strain
Adverse changes in social interactions after a diagnosis of chronic disease are more likely to be observed in
friends and acquaintances.
Which of the following is an example of curative care?
giving a cast for a broken limb
The prevalence of hypertension among lower-income African Americans is most likely due to
greater body mass.
Emotional disorders associated with chronic health disorders are especially likely among patients who
have a history of depression or other mental health disorders.
HIV primarily affects
helper T cells and macrophages.
Which of the following activities is performed by physical therapists?
helping people with muscle, nerve, or bone diseases or injuries overcome their disabilities
Anxiety is ________ when anticipating or experiencing adverse side effects of treatment.
high
Which of the following job factors are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD)?
high work demands and low control
In general, the health of most Americans has _____ in recent years.
improved
Which of the following is an early symptom of central nervous system impairment in people suffering from AIDS?
inability to concentrate
The risk factors for stroke
include cigarette smoking.
One of the chief changes brought about by chronic health disorder is a(n)
increased dependency of the chronically ill person on other family members.
Stroke patients with right-brain damage suffer a condition called alexithymia, which is characterized by
indifference to one's situation.
Jemma was recently diagnosed with lung cancer. Though Jemma has a supportive family, she sometimes wishes that she could talk to other cancer patients about her physical symptoms and treatment regimen. Jemma might benefit from
joining a support group.
Studying quality of life
makes it possible to determine what kinds of interventions may be needed.
Who among the following are likely to develop fewer cancers?
married people
In the future, health promotion interventions will most likely be designed for
mass consumption.
Unlike anxiety and denial, depression
may be a long-term reaction to chronic health disorders.
The grief response appears to be more aggravated in
men and those who experience sudden and unexpected loss.
Gerard is obese around the waist. He has high blood pressure and low levels of good cholesterol. These are symptoms of
metabolic syndrome.
Barbara helps her clients to identify the workplace characteristics tied to stress. She designs interventions to minimize the stressors that affect them. She is a(n) _____ stress researcher.
occupational
John works with patients who are emotionally and mentally disabled. He helps them regain their physical, mental, or emotional stability. Sometimes he teaches painting, weaving, or other crafts. He is a(n)
occupational therapist.
Which of the following diseases has little impact on mortality rates but has a major impact on the functioning and well-being of the population, particularly the elderly?
osteoarthritis
Hospice care is aimed at achieving
palliative care.
A continued collaboration with the medical community and medical treatments by psychologists is vital in a
patient-centered approach.
Immediately after a chronic health disorder is diagnosed
patients experience a psychological disequilibrium.
Who among the following are likely to adhere to antiretroviral therapy (ART)?
people with social support
In a study of cardiac invalidism (Taylor et al., 1985), wives' perceptions of their husbands' cardiac and physical efficiency were highest when they had
personally experienced the treadmill task themselves.
James works with patients injured in motorcycle accidents. He helps them learn to use adaptive devices to perform tasks and become accustomed to new ways of performing old tasks. He is a(n)
physical therapist.
Which of the following activities is performed by occupational therapists?
planning and directing recreational activities to help patients become more self-sufficient
Researchers on death have suggested that cognitive-behavioral therapies like _____ can be effectively employed with dying patients.
positive self-talk
Death that occurs before the average age for the population is called
premature death.
Which of the following is an essential goal of health care?
preventing poor health habits from developing
Adherence to treatment regimens is
problematic with people who have chronic health disorders.
Family support of a chronically ill patient is especially important because they
promote adherence to treatment.
Which of the following is a component of quality of life?
psychological status
Psychoneuroimmunology is the study of interactions among:
psychological, neuroendocrine, and immune processes
During the initial treatment for myocardial infarction, a patient who copes by using denial is likely to have
reduced anxiety.
Which of the following factors predicts mortality in the elderly age group?
reduced life satisfaction
Refocusing health promotion strategies toward morbidity
reduces health care costs.
Educational interventions are an effective means of
reducing behaviors that might infect others.
In the context of cancer, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention focuses on
reducing depression and controlling fear of recurrence.
Significant gains in the quality of life would best be achieved by reorienting the focus of health promotion toward
reducing the period of morbidity.
According to the text, over the years, Americans' alcohol consumption has
remained unchanged.
AIDS is caused by a
retrovirus.
Poor adjustment for parents of children who have died from sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is associated with
self-blame.
HIV can be transmitted by _____ a person suffering from AIDS.
sharing needles with
Emma wants to become a health psychologist and conduct research on the lifestyle choices that impact the management of type 2 diabetes. To what kind of graduate program should Emma apply?
social psychology
Jeremy is suffering from coronary heart disease. He regularly meets his friends who are doctors and discusses his condition with them. According to Jeremy, this helps him deal with the health disorder better. Which of the following coping strategies is Jeremy using in this scenario?
social support strategy
The period between contracting HIV and developing symptoms of AIDS is most strongly influenced by
socioeconomic factors.
Which of the following parts of the body will be affected by osteoarthritis?
spine
Cynical hostility is characterized by
suspiciousness.
Which of the following symptoms will occur first in a person affected with AIDS?
swollen glands
The use of new technologies in medical care may be intimidating for some people. A health psychologist can assist such patients and their families by
teaching them control-enhancing techniques to help reduce fear.
Cancers are hard to study because
they have long or irregular growth cycles.
Which of the following is an example of vulnerable population?
the elderly
Changes in society, technology, and microorganisms are leading to
the emergence of new diseases.
The most significant change in American health care that has implications for health psychology is
the rapid growth of prepaid, colleague-centered services.
Poor adherence to diabetic regimens by people with Type II diabetes is most often a result of
their unawareness of the health risks.
Anouk is extremely dedicated to his family and friends, often putting their needs above his own. For example, Anouk recently spent time consoling a friend instead of studying for his chemistry midterm. Because of this, he received a bad grade on the exam. Which personality quality best describes Anouk?
unmitigated communion
Which of the following is an early symptom of Type 1 diabetes?
unusual thirst
Abraham has recently been diagnosed with terminal cancer. According to the Kübler-Ross model, Abraham is now in the denial stage. According to the research on the model, how is he likely to progress next?
we cannot predict if or how he will progress
Medical measures of quality of life are
weakly related with patients' and relatives' assessments.
Of the following situations, patients' anxiety would be the highest
while the patient is awaiting an invasive medical procedure.
Health promotion programs that target the elderly
will become important as the size of the elderly cohort will continue to increase over the next 10 years.
Patients are less likely to turn to alternative treatments when they are satisfied
with the interpersonal aspects of their medical care.
Most caregiving for the chronically ill is provided by
women.
Trends within medical care suggest that the problem of patient-provider communication is likely to
worsen.