CMGT almost all terms
The AIA, AGC, and EJCDC are examples of special conditions Answers: True False
false
a four ply built up roof, means that if you drilled a hole anywhere in the built up portion you would have to penetrate five layers of felt before you found the structural deck
false
aluminum is light but not very strong
false
an advantage of glass is that it does not thermally expand when it gets hot
false
asphalt shingles are installed over a layer of building felt and installed fro the top of the roof working down
false
because of galvanic action you should always use aluminum screws on copper roofs
false
before applying plaster directly over concrete or masonry walls, make sure they are completely dry
false
construction tolerances and expansion joints are the same thing
false
gypsum board only comes in one type which meets all applications
false
insulation serves the same function as vapor retarder
false
quiz 7 - Failure to give a written notice CANNOT prevent a contractor from recovering compensation to which it otherwise is entitled
false
quiz 7 - The GC should include a provision in the subcontract that the sub should halt operations while a change is being negotiated
false
sections of vertical mullions are spliced with an aluminum internal spline that is free to slide in both the top and bottom vertical mullion
false
single-ply roof membranes are not allowed
false
snapping together aluminum parts is not strong enough. All aluminum parts must be screwed together
false
specific brand color of interior finishes are not important
false
stone panels are attached to aluminum shapes with aluminum bolts
false
stucco is an exterior siding similar to concrete and it does not shrink
false
stucco must be used on curved walls because gypsum board cannot be curved
false
there is only one correct method of installing spandrel glass
false
SWPPP
federal law to have SWPPP in 2000 by order of EPA. EPA issues permits.
In-house safety plan
first aid, substance abuse, fire protection, project surveys, safety communication.
Standard clause
follow scope definition. Never use "including but not limited to"
Schedule
for a project is the timetable that specifies when each activity should start and finish
scope, budget, schedule, quality, safety
for any construction project, there are five important elements
Request for production
force party to produce documents or things
Labor 4 tiers
foreman, lead craftsman, journeyman, and apprentice
contract
formal agreement to provide resources and expertise for a stated price
bid proposal
formal offer to provide resources and expertise for a stated price
offer, acceptance, meeting of the minds, consideration
four criteria all contracts must meet in order to be valid
organization, project, operation, task
four management levels of construction
design bid build, design build, construction management, owner/developer
four types of project delivery systems
glass doors that open fully
french
insurance companies
fulfill bonding and insurance requirements on projects
Continuous footing
generally found at the perimeter of simple structures. used to uniformly distribute the roof loads evenly into the soil and interior load bearing wall loads
plaster
generic term that refers to gypsum or lime and portland cement applied to a surface in a paste which hardens
site responsibility below ground
geotechnical engineer
Most important to bidders
geotechnical soils report
low-e glass
glass with reflective film that turns away significant portion of solar radiation
level of influence curve
graphical depiction of a project participants ability to effect changes to a project
construction drawings
graphical instructions for project construction
Automatic Stay
halts actions by creditors
type of mixing
hand, drum mixer, stationary, plant mixing
cable stay
has two or more towers that hold cables which hold up a structure (bridge)
Indemnification clauses
hold the contractor harmless from actions of the sub
beam
horizontal structural member
"Common" Floor Joists
horizontal structural members used to support the floor decking, usually span between the foundation and a girder; however a joist may extend past its support
Codes and regulations that may effect fire code enforcement
housing codes, building codes, electrical codes, mechanical codes, gas codes, plumbing codes, insurance codes and regulations zoning ordinances, municipal ordinances subdivision regulations, transportation regulations, health regulations, handicapped accessibility regulations (ADA)
granite
igneous rock with visible crystals of quartz and feldspar
isolation joint, expansion joint
ij: type of joint used to separate abutting materials or assemblies that should remain structurally independent, such as where new construction meets old, or where a nonstructural slab on grade abuts structural columns or walls. ej: a seam within a material or between materials that provides for material expansion or contraction
a contract which is not created by language
implied in fact
tempering
improve the hardness and elasticity of (steel or other metal) by reheating and then cooling it.
rivet
in structural steel construction, an archaic fastener, in which a second head is formed after the fastener is in place; a threadless fastener used in sheet metal work
Quiz 8- Examples of differing site conditions:
inaccurate boring capacity, rock, ground water ( plus the other one listed, so all of them)
composite masonry wall
incorporates two or more different types of masonry unit, such as clay bricks and concrete blocks
How does one SHIFT risk?
indemnity
project manager
individual that manages project planning, schedule, budget, resources, and participants
Construction permit
installation or alteration of a system or equipment
Driven Piles
installed using heavy equipment with the ability to drive the material into the ground via impact or vibration
polyisocyanurate
insulation
roof Valley
intersection of gable surfaces to allow for drainage
Procurement Schedule
is a schedule of activities for particular products from submittal through delivery to jobsite
Q9 - When is a formal notice from the contractor informing the owner of its intent to file a claim time/compensation unnecessary?
lack of knowledge do not prejudice and owner has knowledge of the problem
Type S
mortar is recommended for exterior loadbearing walls.
Type M
mortar is recommended for masonry construction below grade.
Owners Acceptance of work. What it means in a warranty agreement.
most fed contract documents state that the governments inspection and acceptance of the finished work constitute a waiver of claims against the contractor, except those of latent defects. Private works contracts state that the owners inspection and acceptance of the work does not waive any claims that result from the contractors defective performance...owner cannot accept work without taking exception and later demand that the contractor correct defects that should have been detected, except latent defects
NEGOTIATION -Arbitration
most popular alternative to litigation means that the disputing parties will agree to adhere to the decision reached. common to use panel of 3 arbitrators process may begin immediately after dispute arises, the hearings may be held sporadically..the hearings are held at the convenience to the arbitrators. the parties cannot appeal the decision made
4 phases of post trial
motion for new trial appeal final judgement enforce the judgment
Live load
moving loads of short duration, making them temporary on the structure, but include considerations like impact, momentum, vibration. Weather and building occupants
Multiple Primes
multiple contracts directly to the owner managed by the construction manager.
Assent - mistake
mutual mistake of material fact
Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL)
not-for-profit product safety testing and certification organization. tested for intended use and are certified as safe
General Notes
notes that apply to the overall drawing rather than to specific items within the plan
Sanction
notice or punishment attached to a violation for the purpose of enforcing a law or regulation Citations Complaints Fines Court summonses Stop-work orders
quiz 7 - Doctrine of impracticability requires ___________ impracticability
objective
bid peddling
occurs when a sub bidder approaches a general contractor who has been awarded a project with the intent of voluntarily lowering the original price below the price level established on bid day, This action implies that the subcontractors original price was either padded or incorrect
bar joist
open-web support member for floors and roofs; upper chord of support member is flat, is parallel to bottom chord, and bears on structural supports
scupper
opening in the parapet that allows the roof to drain
casement window
opens like a door
just in time procurement
ordering materials and equipment with guaranteed delivery within 24 hours
record and as-built drawings
original documents, plus all documents showing changes to original bid documents
obligee party
party who may be damaged or lose some advantage
principal party
party who might default
automobile liability insurance
pays for damage caused by the policyholders vehicles
Sunset provision
periodic review of government agencies and programs in order to continue their existence
samples
physical examples of materials to be supplied
Dry shack
place for workers to eat their lunch
topping out
placing the last member in a building frame
Top Plate
plate located on top of the studs used to hold tha wall together
what is specific performance
positive equitable remedy
Hold downs or Tie downs
pre-manufactured gauge metal load transference units. One end is over a bolt installed into the foundation, the other end is bolted to a post in the wall. This is to resist uplift forces
3 types of contract conditions?
precedent concurrent subsequent
time condtions to a contract
precedent concurrent subsequent
Prosecution
presents evidence supporting the charges brought for violation of the fire code
Initiating Phase
projects are identified and selected
4 elements on a site plan
property lines, utilities, setbacks, contour lines
performance bond
protects the owner against contractors default in completing the project according to contract documents
payment bond
protects the owner against the contractors failure to pay subcontractors or suppliers
contractors insurance
provides liability coverage for claims arising out of bodily injury or property damage as a result to contractors/owners premises or operations
The Architect
provides the owner with design and construction documents
procurement
purchase of materials and equipment
Drilled piers
put in place using excavation and drilling techniques (similar to a column)
Interrogatories
questions written and answered in writing
quenching
rapid cooling of metal so as to alter its physical properties; a form of heat treatment
Framing ratios
ratio of BF of lumber over the SF of sheeting. Generally, it takes roughly 2 BF to hold up 1 SF of sheeting. A ratio of 2BF/1SF is expected +/- .4BF/SF. Range: 1.6-2.4 BF/SF
General condtions
relate to direct overhead including your superintendent, field engineer, cleaning costs, monthly costs for facilities
construction technology
relates to methods and techniques utilized in construction
formwork striping
removal or formwork
Request for admissions
required to admit or deny something is true
Article 4.12.8
requires that all submittals be approved prior to commencement,
AIA A201
requires that the contractor provides a schedule of submittals
The contractor
responsible for providing the labor, material, equipment, and expertise to complete the project. Completes means and methods of work, sequencing, labor plan, and equipment usage.
what is the measure of recovery under theory 3
restitution
restitution
returning values of what you recieved unjustly
Constructability Review
reviewing the plans to determine if it is feasible to build
sliding window
sashes open right to left
Sustainable method
schedule, cost, people, quality, environment
Conventional methos
schedule, cost, quality
suspended slab
self-supported slabs
segregation
separation of the constituents of wet concrete caused by excessive handling or vibration
shore; reshoring
shore: temporary vertical or sloping supports of steel or timber re: inserting temporary supports under concrete beams and slabs after the formwork has been removed to prevent overloading before the concrete achieves its full strength
light gauge steel
similar to wood frame construction in principle
consideration
something of value received by one of the parties in exchange for another item or action that is of value
product data
specifications detailing performance characteristics of materials detailed in shop drawings
Cofferdam
temporary watertight structure that allows for construction to occur in a water free environment
Trench Shield
temporary, movable steel enclosure used to hold back the sides of narrow excavations when pipelines are being installed
one panel is fixed
terrace
a lockstrip gasket is an example of the dry glazing method
true
thermoplastic roof membranes have heat welded seams
true
thick bolts of limestone may be joined with thermosetting adhesives into long panels that span between columns
true
trim accessories can be used to gauge the proper thickness and plane of plaster
true
use of screws is better than nails when hanging gypsum board because nails pop
true
Role of Inspector in prosecution
witness or courtroom advisor; considered part of prosecution; present unbiased testimony always based on fact; assist with information about fire ordinances, technical terms and facts of the case.
specifications
written instruction for project construction
precast concrete
concrete cast and cured in a location other than its final position in the structure
3 non jury trials
court bench judge
igneous rock
a rock formed by the solidification of magma
tagline
a rope attached to a building component to help guide it as it is lifted by a crane or derrick
veneer
a thin layer, sheet, or facing
Simplified Project Proposal
1. Statement of customer need's 2. Assumptions 3. Project Scope. 4. Deliverables 5. Resources 6. Schedule 7. Price .8. Risks. 9. Expected Benefits
Accidents classified into two categories
1. Unsafe actions by people 2. Unsafe conditions left uncorrected
The center to center spacings of framing members in a WLF building are generally
12 inch on center, 16 inch on center, 19.2 inch on center, or 24 inch on center
Sheeting blocking
2x or 3x material that is between studs for the purpose of continuous edge nailing of roof sheeting (plywood)
Ply blocks
2x or 3x material that is between studs for the purpose of continuous edge nailing of wall sheeting (plywood)
given a 1/4" per foot slope. the rise over 12 feet will be?
3"
course aggregates
6 inches, 3, 1.5, 3/4, 1/2, 3/8, 4
Washing water
70-100 degrees and individual hand towels
ballast value
accommodates smaller contractors from the adverse effects of a few large accidents
Code Drafting
actual language of code is written; written by fire and life safety code official; must take care to avoid conflicts or inconsistencies between sections of the code
Soil Mixing
adding portland cement to soil and blending it with paddles rotating on the end of a vertical shaft
In situ
A Latin phrase that means "in position", used to refer to undisturbed ground
Benchmark
A ______ is used as a permanent object of known elevation used to measure other elevations
Grantt Chart
A bar chart used to plan construction projects
What is a strong back
A beam of wood or several beams of wood utilized to disperse pressure of a fatigued bulkhead over a large area.
lintel
A beam supporting the weight above a door or window opening.
Agency CM
A fee based service provided by a construction management company in which the construction manager is responsible exclusively to the owner and acts in the owner's best interest at all stages of the project. The construction manager offer advice and project management to the owner but is not financially responsible for the construction.
Grout
A flowable mixture of sand and cement.
Eave blocking
A full depth spacer block, also known as bird blocking, placed between the rafters or truss tails at the eave.
clinker
A fused, pebble-like mass that is an intermediate product of cement manufacture; a brick that is over-burned.
cavity wall
A masonry wall that includes a continuous airspace between its outermost wythe and the remainder of the wall.
Mechanics Lien
A mechanic's lien is a security interest in the title to property for the benefit of those who have supplied labor or materials that improve the property. The lien exists for both real property and personal property.
steel trowel
A metal-bladed tool used in the final stages of finishing of a concrete slab.
Ridge
A midpoint of two supporting walls
carbon steel bolt
A relatively low-strength bolt most often used for fastening minor steel framing elements or temporary connections.
What is the alternative to a rainscreen?
A sealant joint could be used to fill cladding joints to prevent flow of air and water while providing allowances for installation tolerances and system movement.
project management
A set of principles, methods, tools, and techniques used to manage objective-oriented work
Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
adopts codes and standard for enforcement in prescribed cities, counties, states and providences
Three options available to an appellate court
affirm reverse reverse and remand
expos factos
after the fact
Reason for new code or amendment
age of current code; new condition in community; technological change in fire protection
Indirect Relationship
agency relationship
what are the major categories in a CIVIL case?
A. Contract B. Tort 1. Intentional Torts 2. Recklessness 3. Negligence 4 .Strict Liability 5. Nuisance 6. Statutory torts
meeting of the minds
all contracting parties agree on the basic meaning and legal implications of the contract
Under which legal theory can a contractor performing extra works at the directive of someone other than the designated person recover?
all of the above
In order to achieve quality in construction project:
all work has to be executed per approved shop drawing, using approved materials fully coordinating with different trades
Operational permit
allow a person or group to conduct an operation or business for a specified time until renewed or revoked
contract
an agreement between two or more parties to do something for a consideration, promise or set of promises for the breach of which the law recognizes duty
NSPE
an engineering organization
manual rate
an insurance premium rate based on the type of work performed
Security managers
Accountable for the day-to-day operation of the information security program. They accomplish objectives identified by the CSO and resolve issues identified by technicians
Addenda
Additional information that is relevant to the contract documents, Considered part of the contract documents. Could be clarification or correction, approval of substitutions, or additional information.
Longevity Pay
Addresses pay of employees who reach max pay grade rates based on seniority Rewards w/ periodic pay raise that isn't part of base pay Used for most gov employees-General schedule (GS) system for federal employees
About schedules:
All Listed
Amelco v. City of Thousand Oaks
Amelco did not prove the fourth element required for breach of contract, damage to the plaintiff, The court felt that Amelco waiting until after the job was complete to reconcile losses in such an undefined way was not proof of damages.
I-beam
American standard section of hot-rolled steel, an archaic structural steel shape.
Retainage
Amount (typically a percentage) withheld from payment to contractor
Transport mode
An IPSec mode in which only the IP data is encrypted, not the IP headers
Tunnel mode
An IPSec mode in which the entire IP packet is encrypted and then placed into the content portion of another IP packet
Electroplating
An adherent metallic coating deposited by electrolysis.
furring
an internal partition in a combustible partition wall that limits the ability of fire to be able to travel through a wall
Substitution cipher
An encryption method in which one value is substituted for another
Cipher
An encryption method or process encompassing the algorithm, key(s) or cryptovariable(s), and procedures used to perform encryption and decryption
Asymmetric encryption
An encryption method that incorporates mathematical operations involving both a public key and a private key to encipher or decipher a message. Either key can be used to encrypt a message, but then the other key is required to decrypt it
Symmetric encryption
An encryption method that incorporates mathematical operations involving the same secret key both to encipher and decipher the message
Bit stream cipher
An encryption method that involves converting plaintext to ciphertext one bit at a time
Block cipher
An encryption method that involves dividing the plaintext into blocks or sets of bits and then converting the plaintext to ciphertext one block at a time
Short-term duration
any fluctuation can affect these items and throw off the schedule. short durations can inflate the schedule by giving too much time to individuals
Integrated Project Delivery
Any form of project delivery that brings the contractor on board at the onset of the design process
Best Value
Any selection process by which proposals contain both price and qualitative components and the award is based upon a combination of price and qualitative considerations.
AIA
Architect organization
Advantages of Seniority Pay
Awards job tenure Set base pay w/ time designated increases Employees perceive treated fairly Avoids perception of favoritism
ICC (International Code Council)Code Family Former Model Code Organizations
BOCA-Building Officials and Code Administrators ICBO-International Conference of Building Officials IFCI-International Fire Code Institute WFCA-Western Fire Chiefs Association SBCCI - Southern Building Code Congress International
This framing method Consists of thin closely spaced, vertical wood members called studs and similar floor and roof framing members called joists and rafters.
Balloon framing
heat-strengthened glass
Between annealed and tempered with breakage behavior like annealed
Burden of proof in a criminal case?
Beyond a reasonable doubt. 99%
What is the burden of proof in a CIVIL CASE v CRIMINAL CASE?
CIVIL: Preponderance of Evidence/ 51% CRIMINAL: Beyond a reasonable doubt/ 99%
In which project delivery system is the traditional GC replaced by a construction manager?
CM
QUIZ 5 - In Design-Bid-Build projects, contractual privity is usually absent between_________
CONTRACTOR & A/E
The third element
assistance program for employees who are addicted to alcohol or drugs
NEGOTIATION - Partnering
attempt to change the mind-sets of the parties involved in the construction effort voluntary approach to establishing team work among the parties disputes are ideally resolved at the lowest managerial level- quickly and without costly claims trust, commitment, and shared vision make successful partnering
Project Charter
authorized document
Hardwood
Cabinets and Finish Flooring
Company Wide Incentive Plans Disadvantages
Can undermine economic security of employees Fail if no direct link to efforts & profits
Competitive Advantage
Capital: Human, Financial & Equipment
Firestopping
Caulk-like material preventing spread of fire through rated assemblies
Schedule
Chart correlating activity and sequence,start date, and completion date
Federal Appellate Court is called?
Circuit
CISSP
Considered the most prestigious certification for security managers and CISOs. It recognizes mastery of an internationally identified Common Body of Knowledge (CBK) in information security
Rubble
Consists of stones as they come from the quarry or are gathered from a field or stream.
General requirments
Deal with phases of work and would be included as direct overhead. They are insurance and bond requirements, allowances, supervision and coordination, field engineering and layout, construction schedule requirements, temporary controls, etc..
Knots
Defect caused by branches
What does Article 1 Section 8 of the Constitution do?
Delegate the Federal Powers
Engineers estimate
Designers projection of project cost
Scheduler
Determine order and duration of project activities
Federal Trial Court is called?
District
State Appellate court is called?
District
Softwood
Framing, Trim, Doors
Group Incentive Plans Disadvantages
Freer-riders Other's influence Factors beyond employee control
Elevations
Front, side, and back views of a construction drawing. Exterior features. figure 1-6 pg 18.
What would information contained in an agreement include?
List of contract Documents Contract Sum Description of work
Quiz 7 - Doctrine of impracticability requires ___________ impracticability
Objective
What are some of the merits of the CM project delivery system?
Obtain early construction contractor involvement Accelerate Project delivery method Encourage Innovation Facilitate value engineering Mitigate constructability issues
Agreement
Offer Acceptance
Easement
Permission to use property belonging to another
Study Symbols for Construction Materials
Pg 133 symbols of construction materials.
Disadvantages of Seniority Pay
Poor fit w/ most competitive strategies
Estimators Dilemma
Price the project high enough to allow a reasonable profit, but low enough to win the bid Too high= loose bid, Too low= loose profit Effective estimator's find that range in between
What are prime, storm, and combination windows?
Prime windows are permanent/fixed windows, storm windows are removable, and combination windows incorporate both.
What is the name of the organization credited with promoting construction management as a legitimate and unique area of study at four-year universities?
Representatives from nine universities met in Florida in 1965 to form the Associated Schools of Construction (ASC).
Questions for the A/E about the construction drawings when the intent or method is unclear Generally developed when the construction drawings either conflict or omit necessary information RFIs are to be documented. Act as supplements to the construction drawings
Request For Information (RFI)
Seniority Pay
Rewards job tenure Increase able pay Company expects employees will earn promotions into higher paying jobs
Local governments formed for a special purpose?
Special District
Duress
Strong Party Weak Party Unfair Threat(violence)
Header
Structural member (beam) that spans a wall opening (door or window) and is used to transfer loads and forces around the opening
EIFS
Stucco-like exterior finish system
Chapter 3
Submitting a lot of nonwinning proposals in response to RFP's can hurt a contractors reputation.
Soil bearing capacity
The bearing capacity of the soil. Determines the weight a square foot of soil can support
Bond
The bricklaying pattern. Designed to improve appearance, add strength, or tie a wythe wall to a backing wall.
Forensics
The coherent application of methodical investigatory techniques to present evidence of crimes in a court or similar setting
What is enabling legislation?
The delegation of power from States to 1. City 2. County 3. Special District
Alphabet of Lines
The different lines used on prints that make up a system of line conventions. figure 4-2 pg 66.
Granite, limestone, marble, sandstone, and slate
The most common materials used in stone masonry are ______. Figure 7-15 pg 122
3/8"
The most common mortar joint thickness
Concave Joint
The most watertight joint profile is
Structural Steel
The term applied to hot-rolled steel sections, shapes, and plates. This includes bolts, rivets, and bracing. Study Figure 7-19 pg 126
What happens if a party is under 18 and enters into a contract?
They can disaffirm their entry
What happens if there is no voluntary assent into a contract?
They can rescind
A binding arbitration
Trial based process of issue resolution
The EPC contractor can also be a major equipment supplier who then contracts with major constructor and material supplier
True
P-Plumbing Drawings
Waste and water supply systems.
What are the three elements of a leak?
Water/air, a hole, a force.
Sailor
What is number 1
Soft
What woods are classified from trees that are conifers
Rusting
When certain steels are designed to form a protective layer of rust.
When is it most advisable to use the CM project delivery system?
When the design is technically complex When it is difficult to define the project at the early stages When there are several alternative solutions that require analysis before making a design decision
Benching
Which method would be used for a small excavation that is 6 to 8 feet deep on a large suburban site
EIFS parts in order
backup wall, plastic foam insulation board, reinforcing mesh, stucco basecoat, exterior finish coat
Subcontract between GC and SUB
based on construction documents, normally a lump sum, choose low bid competitive bid system (california requires a list of subs and equipment bids in excess of 5 % of the total bid)
Primary Investigations
before plans are drawn (surface and sub surface evaluation)
continuous footing
below-grade support structure for a foundation wall -support structure for a wall
Project selection
benefits and consequences, advantages and disadvantages, plusses and minuses of each project need to be considered and evaluated.
Gannt Chart
a bar chart used to plan construction projects
l-shape beam
a beam whose section has the form of an inverted L; placed so that the top flange forms part of the edge of the floor
balanced bid
a bid in which the anticipated costs for the various bid items are accurately reflected in the unit prices that are submitted
concrete masonry unit
a block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to laid in the same manner asa brick or stone; a concrete block
high strength bolt
a bolt designed to connect steel members by clamping them together with sufficient force that the load is transferred between them by friction
anchor bolt
a bolt embedded in concrete for the purpose of fastening a building frame to a concrete or masonry foundation
face brick
a brick selected on the basis of appearance and durability for use in the exposed surface of a wall
seated connection
a connection in which a steel beam rests on top of a steel angle or tee that is fastened to a column or girder
After modification review
a decision is rendered applicant receives an official reply decision is outlined in correspondence with any provisions that need to be filled detailed explanation for decision and process detailed records are kept available
Back Charge
a deduction from the amount owed to the subcontractor from progress payment (include charges for equipment, material use, labor furnished, cleanup, delays, repairs)
basalt
a dense and durable igneous rock, usually dark grey; classified by ASTM C119 in the Granite group
Consensus standard
a document that a committee of industry experts developed and agreed upon before adoption
Floor Plans
a drawing to scale, showing a view from above of the relationships between rooms, spaces and other physical features at one level of a structure
mushroom capital
a flaring conical head on a concrete column
pan
a form used to provide the cavity between joists in a one way concrete joist system
What is a Pareto analysis
a graphical representation of frequency of occurrence -used to identify those factors that have the greatest cumulative effect on the system & this less significant factors can be screened out from the process *shows percentage
plate girder
a large beam made up of steel plates, sometimes in combination with steel angles, that are welded, bolted, or riveted together
joist girder
a light steel truss used to support open-web steel joists
masonry unit
brick, stone, concrete block, glass block, or hollow clay tile intended to be laid in mortar
reinforced brick masonry
brickwork into which steel bars have been embeded to impact tensile strength to the construction
english bond
brickwork laid with alternating courses, each consisting entirely of headers or stretchers
plate
broad sheet of rolled metal 1/4 inch or more thick, a two way concrete slab; a horizontal top or bottom member in a platform frame wall structure
Code Modification
brought to fire and life safety inspector (usually involve desire to use alternative materials, products or systems while still meeting intent of adopted code); applicant must present a formal written request to AHJ Key issues: whether or not substitution will provide equal or greater level of protection according to code
CMU
building component made of concrete
Subs covered
by contractual law
gauge
a measure of the thickness of sheet material. lower gauge numbers signify thicker sheets
Flagstone
Flat stone used for paving or flooring
Porter Business Strategy
Focuses on: Differentiation Overall Cost Leadership Deliver mix of values
Planning
Discipline process considering coordination and direction or resources to attain project goals
Typically, the architect reserves the rights to order changes requiring price adjustments
False
Column
Vertical structural member
Post
Vertical structural member used to support headers, hold downs, or tie downs
What is assent?
Voluntary Exchange
load indicator washer
A disk placed under the head or nut of a high-strength bolt to indicate sufficient tensioning of the bolt by means of the deformation of ridges on the surface of the disk; also called a direct tension indicator washer.
ADA
Rules governing access
fixed window
does not open
T/F Opinion of Value is a material fact?
False
NFPA 70
National Electrical Code
There are no generally accepted form EPC contracts
True
T/F a mustual mistake of material value is rescindable
False
General Conditions
Rules that establish the relationship between owner and contractor
record drawings
the documents that detail the actual project built
Divisions 2-48
Technical specifications
Plaster
Wall and ceiling finishing-cementitous
hubris
excessive pride of self-confidence, arrogance
natural patina for copper is bronzy-red
false
2:12 or less
slope of a flat roof
3 functions of a ceiling
1: diffusion of light and sound 2: controls the spread of fire 3: distribution system for HVAC
Pay Rate Differences
$ amt as annual/hourly based on region & national overall
Relative Pay Differences
% diff btwn specific location & national avg
Q11 - What must the GC prove in order to recover additional compensation for project inefficiencies?
(for sure - causation and liability) check other two options
NEGOTIATION -Mini-Trials
(private litigation) many versions of mini-trials may be used the parties must first agree on who is going to hear the case and render a decision- act as a jury the parties present summarized versions of their respective cases to a panel who represents each party (plus a neutral official) and who have authority to settle the dispute takes place outside of courtroom in a private forum after parties have presented their cases, the panel convenes and tries to settle the matter the parties decide whether or not the decision rendered will be binding or not
Final Payment
-Directly liked to final completion -Crucial step because contractor has little incentive to perform additional work if all payments have been made. -owner must verify the adequacy of the work performed by verifying the punch list items have been addressed. -if punch list has been corrected, then owner can make final payment and release retainage
Types of primary site investigations
-Existing "Lay" of the site -Extent of earthwork required - Existing drainage courses
Assessment of present quality activities can be evaluated by:
1) Assessment that focuses on customer satisfaction results but includes evaluation of the present quality system 2) assessment that focuses on evaluation of the present quality system with little emphasis on the customer satisfaction results
Rank the following insulation materials from lowest to highest in terms of R-Value per inch: Polyisocyanurate Expanded Polystyrene Extruded Polystyrene Glass Fiberboards Lightweight Concrete Fill
1: Polyisocyanurate 2: Extruded Polystyrene 3: Expanded Polystyrene 4: Glass Fiberboards 5: Lightweight Concrete Fill
Name the following high slope roofing materials into increasing resistance to fire from most resistant (1) to least (6). Slate shingles Asphalt shingles Standing seem steel roof Fiberglass shingles Copper Roofing Cedar Shake Roofing
1: Slate shingles 2: Standing seem steel roof 3: Copper Roofing 4: Fiberglass shingles 5: Asphalt shingles 6: Cedar Shake Roofing
Name the following high slope roofing materials in order from shortest (1) to longest (6) lasting material: Slate shingles Asphalt shingles Standing seem steel roof Fiberglass shingles Copper Roofing Cedar Shake Roofing
1: asphalt shingles 2: fiberglass shingles 3: cedar shake roof 4: standing seem steel roof 5: copper roofing 6: slate shingles
Describe the sequence of installation for a low slope built up asphaltic roofing system.
1: Clean Roof Deck 2: Hot Mop and Asphaltic Layer 3: Bed felt into asphalt 4: Repeat Hot Mop 5: Bed Felt second layer rotated 90 degrees from the first 6: Repeat hot mop and bed felt 4-5 times 7: Ballast if required
partnership
2 or more people join to create a company
Implied Warranty
A construction contract that contains no express warranty provision of compliance with the drawings and specs the contractor is only obligated to provide the owner with a facility that complies with the plans and specs
Multiple Prime
A contracting methodology in which the owner bypasses the tradition general contractor and instead chooses to contract the different specialty contractors individually. Ex. Concrete, Framing, Electrical Each of these now becomes a prime contractor
Search warrant
A document issued by an authorized authority that allows law enforcement agents to search for EM at a specified location and seize specific items for official examination
Bed Joint
A name for the horizontal joint formed by the layer of mortar directly beneath a masonry unit
Wall section
A partial section used to show one specific wall
Mansard
A steep - sloped roof used to cover portions of the upper level of a structure to hide roof-mounted equipment
Parapet
A structure, also known as a false wall, surrounding the perimeter of the roof that can be used for decoration or protection of mechanical equipment
Mortar
A substance used to join masonry units, consisting of cementitious materials, fine aggregate, and water
Polyalphabetic cipher
A substitution cipher that incorporates two or more alphabets in the encryption process
Bid peddling
After contract award to a GC, a subcontractor appeals to GC to meet or beat the lowest competitors bid
Quiz 5 - _________ arises when owner acts in a way that leads a contractor to reasonably believe that A/E has authority beyond the actual authority expressed in the contract.
Apparent Authority
permit process
Application Review Issuance Expiration
AIA G702
Application and certification of payment
In Coleman Engineering Co. v. North American Aviation In trial court, Who won? What contract theory did the court apply?
Coleman Engineering Co. won Theory 1: Express Contract was used
Elements of Effective Merit Pay Program
Commitment from top mgt Job Analysis & design Accurate perfomance eval system Objective & Subjective indictors of performance Periodic reviews & realistic standards Meaningful pay increases reflect performance
Due process
Conduct of legal proceedings according to established rules and principles for the protection and enforcement of private rights
HTTPS
Consists of communication over Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) within a connection encrypted by Transport Layer Security, or its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer
Ferrous Metals
Contain Iron as a principal element, and usually have magnetic properties. Have more strength.
Instruction to bidders
Contains all specific details. AIA form A701 (instructions to bidders) contains bidder representation, addenda, rejection to bids, bonding requirments.
A detailed study of bid documents and site conditions resulting in the most accurate assessment possible of probable costs
Estimating
Bid/Non-Bid Decision
Evaluation by a contractor of whether to go forward with the preparation of a proposal
Dimensioned Lines
Extend the length of the distance being measured. A marking device- an arrow,dot, or tick mark- is placed at the end of each line.
Border Lines
Extra-heavy lines located near the edge of the sheet of drawing paper. Used as the border for drawing. Also separates various portions of the drawing, such as the title block, notes, and revision block.
Charged with ensuring scope of work is carried out according to plan at a front-line level
Foreman
Level of influence curve
Graphical depiction of a project participants ability to affect changes to a project
Construction drawings
Graphical instructions for a project construction
Hydration
Hardening of concrete is caused by a chemical reaction between the cement and water called _____.
To make a determination if the breach is a material breach of contract, what questions should one answer? Answers: Can the breach be fixed? Was the breach in bad faith? Is the breach core to our agreement? What does the contract say?
I think all of the above
What does the term "lite" mean?
Individual windows that make up a system. Used to make small windows appear larger.
3 Incentive Categories
Individual-MK Group Company
Interindustry Wage Differentials Factors
Industry's Product MKT Capital Intensity Industry Profitability Unionization of Workforce
Can disaffirm a contract under what 3 sub-elements of capacity?
Infant Insane Involuntary Intoxication
air-entraining cement
Ingredients added generate bubbles during concrete mixing that create small, distributed voids in the finished concrete.
Schematic design
Initial documents approximately the design intent of the project
What is the Remedy for breach of a Quasi Contract
Injured party entitled to recover the "reasonable value of the goods/services" provided
Rigid Foam Insulation
Insulation used most frequently in low slope roofing systems
Stakeholders
Insurance industry, elected officials, building industry, chamber of commerce, citizen groups
What are the two main purposes for placing ballast on a low slope roof?
It is used as a weight to prevent uplift from heavy wind loads and provides protection from foot traffic ear and UV rays.
What is a cause-and-effect diagram?
It is used to graphically display multiple causes with a particular effect -also called an Ishikawa diagram or a fishbone diagram
Long lead
Item the requires a significant amount of time between order and delivery
Glulam
Joining smaller strips of wood together to glue laminated wood
Who decides question of fact in jury trial?
Jury
Jury Trial Processes
Jury Selection Opening Statement Evidence Closing Statement Jury Instruction Jury Deliberates Jury Verdit Judgement
What is lean construction, and from what industry does its concepts stem?
Lean construction is construction practice that prioritize the customers needs while expediting efficiency and waste control. This concept stems from the auto industry.
What is consideration?
Legal value given as part of a bargain or exchange
What is result called in a CIVIL case?
Liable/not Liable
Session keys
Limited-use symmetric keys for temporary communications during an online session
Contour Lines
Lines that identify the ground elevation. Figure 8-4,5,6 pg 143-145.
Model Codes
National Building Codes that promote uniformity nationwide.
Can rescind a contract under what 5 sub-elements of Assent?
Mistake Misrepresentation Duress Undue Influence Unconscionability
Concrete
Mixture of cement, sand, coarse and fine aggregates, admixtures and water. Figure 7-3 pg 114
Brick
Modular building component made of clay
brick
Modular building component made of clay
CMU
Modular building component made of concrete
Sick building syndorme
Mold
Buy out
Monetary difference between estimated cost an actual cost
Liquidated Damages
Monetary penalty for late project completion
Lump sum contract
Most common method. When the contractor gives owner lump sum to complete the project based on contract documents. Changes to the scope are done through change orders.
Steel
Most widely used metal in construction.
Which of the following are alternative contracting methods?
Multi-Prime Construction Management CM Design-Build DB Engineer-Procure-Construct EPC
Use Handbook
Nominal width of a W8X18
____________delays are delays for which the contractor is responsible.
Non Excusable
Spillover Effect
Non-Union Employers pay more to combat union cost
CISA
Not specifically a security certification, but it does include many information security components. ISACA touts the certification as being appropriate for auditing, networking, and security professionals
Specific Notes
Notes, also called local notes, that relate to specific features within the floor plan, such as the header size over a window opening. A specific note is often connected to a feature with a leader line.
time horizon
Number of working days a company member typically plans forward (or backward
Just in time procurement
Ordering materials and equipment with a guaranteed delivery with in 24 hours
Projects are the construction business's bread and butter
Other industries projects support the product to be developed In construction, the project is the product
Testing Agency
Outside testing agency hired by owner to preform certain quality control tests
Notice to proceed
Owner Authored document granting permission for a contractor to commence construction activities
Letter of intent
Owner authored document indicating they will enter into a construction contract with a contractor
In Coleman Engineering Co. v. North American Aviation, who was the plaintiff in trial court and who was the defendant?
Plaintiff: Coleman Engineering Co. Defendant: North American Aviation
The quality plan
Plan Do Check Act
Lagging
Planks placed between soldier beams to retain earth around an excavation.
Life of a Project
Planning, Scheduling, Team Building, communication and leading are all part of the organization necessary in the life of a project.
Construction Management
Planning, scheduling, evaluation and controlling of construction tasks and activities to accomplish specific objectives outlined in the contract documents
Overview Plans
Plans that show a vast layout at a small scale and sections of the layout at a larger scale on the same sheet. Helps understand the entire project.
Code Adoption Process
Preparation of proposed legislation Study by the legislative body Formal presentation Discussion Legal Action
The contractor's quality control plan (CQCP) is...
Prepared based on the project specs/requirements as specified in the contract documents -The plan outlines the procedures to be follwoed during the construction period to obtain quality objectives -helps ensure project quality
Name a tool used to reduce the number of bidders on a public project and increase the quality of the contractor pool.
Prequalification uses financial, management and other qualitative data to determine whether a contractor is qualified for a job.
Object Lines
Represent the main outline of the features of the object, building, walls, or walks. A heavy, continuous line, showing all edges and surfaces.
What is the major ingredient used to create glass?
Sand and heat.
Valley rafter
Similar to the hip rafter, but creates the valley where two roof slopes meet. Also runs diagonal to the top plates and ridge beam
What is the difference between single, double, and triple glazing?
Single can only be used in mild climates, double is the general minimum requirement (or single with storm), triple is less common (double glazing with low-e)
Design Build
Single source procurement for the owner. Design and construction provided to the owner by a GMP. The design-build firm acts as a facilitator for designers and constructors as they work together to achieve the owner's goals. Four basic configurations. Design-build acts as an in-house operation, as there should be no conflicts between entities. One contract. One responsible party. One organization in charge. One bill the owner pays.
Helps determine scope
Size of project
Control joint
Slab joint created by sawing the concrete within 6 to 8 hours of placement
Construction joint
Slab joint used to provide a clean surface where work can be resumed
Key
Slot formed into the top of a concrete strip footing for the purpose of interlocking with the concrete foundation wall
ISO 1400 series standards are...
Standards are primarily concerned with "environmental management" ex) pollution prevention & waste reduction
The ISO 9000 quality management system is
Standards are primarily concerned with "quality management" ex) customers quality requirements, regulatory requirements and continuous improvement
Incentive clause
Statement allowing for monetary reward for early completion of project
Dead load
Static loads that are constant over time. Weight of the structure, immovable structures and roof loads
Primary Laws used to impose criminal liability
Statutes
Shelf Angle
Steel angle which is attached to the structure of a building to support a story of masonry veneer
Reinforcing Bars (Rebar)
Steel bars that have high tensile strength. The size is indicated by the bar number multiplied by 1/8''. figure 7-6 pg 116
Cementitious
Steel fire proofing - spray applied
Spray-applied fireproofing
Steel protection; cemetitous
Intumescent fireproofing
Steel protection;paint
Inclined Lines
Straight lines that are neither horizontal nor vertical are called ____.
Provide detailed information about the materials and/or processes to be employed Carpet & paint Material spec sheets (CMU, concrete mix) Contract requirements (CPM, SOV) Require submission by Ktr and approval by A/E and sometimes Owner Time sensitive - Can't order without approval
Submittals
Subcontractors VS GC
Subs have higher overhead than GC but GC has higher liquidated assets
Owner-Subcontractor Relationship
Subs have no direct responsibility to the owner, but the work of the sub must be approved by a representative of the owner payment is made by the owner to the GC who pays the sub Owner has the right to reject the use of a specific sub or material supplier informal communication links may develop a the project level to improve the flow of information
is the stage in the progress of the work when the work of a designated portion thereof is sufficiently complete so the owner can occupy or utilize the work for its intended use
Substantial Completion
Q11- The quantum meirut doctrine measures damages under an implied contract theory and is based on the concept that no one should unfairly benefit from another's labor or materials.
T
Q11-Many public construction contracts exclude the claims for consequential damages
T
Concrete coverage
The amount of concrete placed around the steel
Sill or Sole plate
The plate (bottom plate), used to help disperse the loads from the wall studs to the floor system
Mudsil
The plate, a.k.a. base plate, that rests on the masonry foundation and provides a base for other wood members
Eave
The portion of the roof that extends beyond the walls
Prequalification
The process in which an owner, based upon minimum financial, management, and other qualitative data, determines whether a construction firm is fundamentally qualified to compete for a certain project or class of projects.
Least privilege
The process of ensuring that no unnecessary access to data exists; employees are able to perform only the minimum operations necessary on a set of data
Unit Method
This method involves establishing a relationship between measurements on an object by breaking each of the measurements into units. Figure 5-12 pg 80
Unit price contract
This method lists the quantities for components of the project which are priced by unit. The total is added used to calculate a lump sum. Mainly used in engineering firms.
A payment bond helps assure the owner that labor and materials will be paid for.
True
A properly maintained, updated and enforced schedule can help reduce risks and protect all participants in the project
True
A tort action seeks to recover compensatory damages from the tort-feasor
True
Pre-Bid Bid Shopping
To happen there must be cooperation between a specialty contractor and an employee of a GC..often initiated by the specialty contractor. This results in the overall reduction of the bid prices submitted to the owner- the owner benefits from bid shopping
A voidable contract is a valid contract that can be enforced, however, one or both parties has the right to void the contract Answers: True False
True
BIM affects planning, design, and construction of a project from the outset, throughout the project's duration, and beyond
True
What is the purpose of insulation?
To resist heat transfer.
involvement of attorneys experienced in construction claim and litigation is desirable at earliest stage of claim preparation.
True
Engineer's Scale
Typically used on Civil Drawings, such as site plans and highway projects. Referred to in whole numbers. Much smaller and provide less detail. Lays out larger areas of a project and gets the project on one drawing.
QUIZ 6 - What should contractors consider before deciding whether to enter into a contract with a company?
UNION STATUS EXPERIENCE QUALIFICATION REPUTATION FINANCIAL RESOURCES
what does Unconciousable mean
Unreasonable
NFPA 1
Uniform Fire Code
Rowlock
What is number 2
Protected from getting wet
Wood "Exposure 1" means
strip footing
_________is a continuous strip of concrete that serves to spread the load adequately to support a loadbearing wall
unbalanced bid
a method used by some contractors in which the unit prices of the various bid items are altered so that they do not reflect the true costs of those items
web stiffener
a metal rib used to support the web of a light gauge steel joist or a structural steel girder against buckling
Mobilization
a number of costs incurred by the contractor at teh start of the project for items such as temporary facilities, transportation, security fencing, temporary utilities.
arbitration
a panel acts as a judge in the case of the two parties (decision made) -typically binding method of third party resolution of an issue
construction manager
a person who coordinates the construction process on behalf of the owner
stucco
a portland cement-lime plaster similar to masonry mortar
hollow-core slab
a precast concrete slab element that has internal longitudinal cavities to reduce its self-weight
corbel
a projection jutting out from a wall to support a structure above it.
offer
a proposal made by one party signifying to another party a willingness to enter into a binding contract on certain specified terms
What is quantum meruit?
a reasonable sum of money to be paid for services rendered or work done when the amount due is not stipulated in a legally enforceable contract.
expansion joint
a seam within a material or between materials that provides for material expansion and contraction
successor activity
a second activity that cannot start until the first activity is complete
Full section
a section that cuts through the entire building
drawing
a set of plans indicating the work to be accomplished
Design Bid Build
a single general contractor is responsible for construction, three party arrangement
key
a slot formed into a concrete surface for the purpose of interlocking with a subsequent pour of concrete; a slot at the edge of a precast member into which grout will be poured to lock it to an adjacent member; a mechanical interlocking of plaster with lath.
bar
a small rolled steel shape, usually round or rectangular in cross section
coke
a solid fuel made by heating coal in the absence of air so that the volatile components are driven off
braced frame
a structural building frame strengthened against lateral forces with diagonal members
Trimmer stud
a stud that supports the header of a wall opening, and is faced nailed directly to the king stud.
form release compound
a substance applied to concrete formwork to prevent concrete from adhering
insulating concrete form
a system of lightweight components, most commonly made of rigid polystyrene insulating foam, used as permanent formwork for the casting of concrete walls
punchlist
a tabulation of unfinished or incorrectly installed components
dovetail slot
a system for fastening to a concrete structure that uses metal tabs inserted into a slot that is small at the face of the concrete and larger behind
drift pin
a tapered steel rod used to align bolt holes in steel connections during erection
welded wire fabric
a welded grid of steel reinforcing wires or bars, used most commonly for reinforcing of slabs
end plate connection
a welded/bolted connection that is generally a semi rigid connection, but can become a rigid connection with more bolts
specifications
a written description of work to be accomplished and the quality of the end product
What is the Interrogitory
a written statement
innovative contracting techniques
a+b contracts
Name the Elements applicable to Actual Contracts
a. Agreement (offer + acceptance) b. Consideration c. Legal objective d. Capable parites e. Assent f. Statute of Frauds
construction management
addresses how available resources will be applied
galvanic protection
applying a zinc coating to prevent steel from rusting; forms a self-protecting gray oxide coating, and even if the zinc is scratched through to the steel, the zinc interacts electrochemically to continue to protect the steel
site responsibility above ground
architect and structural engineer
Constructive change
architect or owner representative causes the contractor to perform work outside of contract. Document error and omissions.
WLF originated where?
around 1830 in the Chicago area
Changes during a project
as built drawings
front loading
assignment of higher unit cost to activities that occur early in the schedule
what is the purpose of a CIVIL case?
compensation to the victim
Construction change directive
can be used by the architect to keep work going and initiate a change order. Should clearly describe additional work. Information required for the COP is defined in the general conditions and modified in the supplemental conditions.
Resources
can include people, organizations, equipment, materials and facilities
interstitial ceilings
ceiling spaces that allow access between floors
AIA G704
certificate of substantail completion filled out by the architect
COP
change order propsal
ethics
code of conduct
Code
collection or compilation of rules and regulations enacted by a legislative body to become law in a particular jurisdiction; can be composed partially or entirely of standards
OM manual
compilation of project documents, product data, systems, etc.
Cost control
comparing actual cost to estimate throughout the duration of the project to measure current success and target profit • Determine project or partial project • Determine source of overruns • Compare work activity actual costs • Determine crew productivity levels Labor, material, equipment
Quality in construction projects focuses on the total management approach to...
completing the project within the budget, within the schedule, and the scope of work ...while satisfying the owner
Code enforcement
compliance is primary goal, though strong measures may be necessary it implement code requirements
Jobsite discovery of hazardous materials
compliance with federal and state codes must be reviewed and adheared to. contractor notify owner of hazardous materials. owner can hire outside contractor.
most important in concrete
compressive strength
Project Plan
conceived by the superintendent to most efficantly achieve goals
circular glass wall at MET
curtain wall
vendor
delivers a specific product or service for a designated price
Key elements of material contracts
delivery articles, liquidated damages
Sections
depict the vertical relationships of the structural and architectural materials that are specified on the plans
Construction Documents
describe the nature of the project. They consist of two documents: project manual and the drawings.
the agreement
describes work to be performed, completion time, contract sum, payment provisions, and a list of other documents within the complete contract
Planning
disciplined process considering coordination and direction or resources to attain project goals
corporation
either closely held corporations or public operations used in high risk of failure or damage claims, separate legal entity under the law of state in which it was chartered
off-gassing
emission of toxic gasses
Quality
expectations must be defined
the miller act
enacted in 1935, establishes the level of bonding on federally funded projects
Objective
establishes what is to be accomplished. It is the tangible end product that the project team must produce and deliver
Q8 - What are the clauses that attempt to minimize or reduce claims for differing site conditions
exculpatory clause, clauses relating to site investigation,
Labor agreeement
exists between contractor and union requires responsibilities from both parties
what is the name of contract theory 1
express contract
which contract theory was used by the majority of the supreme court in Coleman
express contract
Curtain wall
exterior cladding structure that is entirely supported by the frame of the building rather than being self-supporting or load bearing E.g. - like hang a puzzle on an exterior of a building
A constructive change arising in connection with defective plans and specs has its basis in the Severin doctrine
false
A contractor concerned about indirect impacts of multiple changes on a job should consider adding a clause to proposed change orders stating that the change order covers only the direct cost of the changed work and that the contractor reserves all rights to claim impact costs later
false
A tort is a crime prosecuted by public officials Answers: True False
false
Aluminum can only be fabricated into simple shapes by extrusion
false
ConcensusDOCS 200 requires written notice to the owner within 21 days after the occurrence or 21 days after the contractor recognizes the condition, whichever is later, giving rise to the claim
false
Court have identified seven elements required to establish a claim for constructive acceleration
false
Q10 - Contractors can ascertain the financial competence of the owner by requiring payment and performance bonds
false
Q8 - If the contract does not have a differing site condition clause, under which theory can a contractor seek recovery?
fraud, mutual mistake, breach of warranty, innocent misrepresentation
Why did justice Traynor dissent with the majority
he did not believe there was a contract due to no agreement, he argued for coleman under theory 3.
Consequential Change
it is the impact cost that occurs on the other work that is being accomplished. Sometimes delays or resequencing of work will occur.
major categories of criminal case
infraction misdemeanor felony
schematic design
initial documents approximating the design intent of the project
Project Life Cycle
initiating, planning, performing and closing the project
long lead
item that requires a significant amount of time between order and delivery
Which of the following is true of the obligation to cooperate and coordinate? Answers: It is reciprocal It is implied It is an express contract obligation It forms the very foundation of the agreement between parties
its implied
What does the 9th amendment say?
just because a right isn't listed in amendments 1-8, doesn't mean we dont have it
What are the "equitable" theories?
k implied in law quasi k quantum meruit promissory estoppel
project resources
labor, equipment, and materials
efflorescence
light-colored, powdery deposit on the face of masonry or concrete, caused by the leaching of chemical salts from water migrating from within the structure to the surface
truss
large support member, typically constructed of triangular components
What is governing law?
law applicable to contract ex.: 'the contract shall be governed by the law of california'
What is a Statute?
law passed by congress/legislative branch of state
What is an Ordinance
law passed by legislative branch of local government
open web steel joist
lightweight trusses, standard configurations, hot and cold formed, depths range from 8 inches to 6 feet, spaced 2 to 10 feet on center
Effective project management requires:
maintain contract with the owner, responsible for planning, monitoring, and managing the project
fireproofing
material used around steel or concrete structural elements to insulate them against excessive temperatures in case of fire
Span
measurement between the inside edges of the supporting walls
environmental and control systems
mechanical
1/4" per foot
minimum roof slope required
Passage of code modification
motion called, motion seconded, vote of present members, simple majority required for passage
Legal Review
new code should be reviewed by legal counsel to ensure it meets the legal standards required by community, state and federal governments
NEGOTIATION -Mediation
non-binding method, contains elements of negotiation and arbitration mediator is regarded as a third party who tries to force/persuade the disputing parties to agree on an appropriate settlement of an issue mediator must have strong negotiation skills and be able to grasp the technical aspects of construction disputes mediator may be appraised in general terms of the dispute, on the mediation day the mediator meets with both parties both parties present their case, mediator shuttles between parties trying to point out reasons why they should moderate its demands
Payment for additional work
not allowed until the official change order is processed
Name three associations affiliated with the construction instustry?
o American Institute of Constructors (AIC) o Associated General Contractors of America (AGC) o United States Green Building Council (USGBC) o The National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)
Identify eight functions of the construction management.
o Estimating the project o Administering the contract o Managing job site and construction operations o Planning and scheduling the project o Monitoring daily performance o Managing project quality o Managing project safety o Assessing project risks
What two construction associations offer voluntary certification programs for construction managers?
o The Construction Management Association of America (CMAA) o The American Institute of Constructors (AIC)
awning window
opens on hinges
Commisioning
operating and testing of facility equipment and systems
Study Session
opportunity for both proponents and opponents of the legislation to express their view before the formal meeting process
bid shopping
occurs when before or after the award of the contract, a contractor contacts several subcontractors of the same discipline in an effort to reduce the previously quoted price
Permit
official document that grants owner or other party, permission to perform a specific duty
double taxation
one disadvantage to the corporate structure
notice to proceed
owner authored document granting permission to a contractor to commence construction activities
letter of intent
owner authored document indicating they will enter into a construction contract with a contractor
Win Ratio
percentage of the number of dollars value of the contractors proposals that result in contractual agreements with customers.
4 stages of civil case
pleading discovery trial post trial
Subcontractor clause
prohibits contractor from subbing work to non-union firms
Due Process Clause
prohibits government from unfairly or arbitrarily depriving a person of life, liberty or poverty
unit price contract
project divided into work items/packages, contractors are paid based upon actual quantities of work performed
substantial completion
project schedule milestone; warranties begin, half of retainage is released, punchlist commences, etc
labor unions
trade labor organizations
Quality checks
preformed by superintendent
2 types of site investigations
primary and secondary investigations
roof
prime defense against weather, typically constructed out of rubber, asphalt, wood, metal or plastic?
elements of the site plan
propery lines, right of ways, contour lines, utilities
bid bond
protects the owners from damages during the bidding process
supplementary conditions
provisions for unique projects provides additional instructions
Formal Notification
public service announcements in: newspapers radio television letters to all who have an interest
Principal-In-Charge
ultimate decision maker for the firm of the project. Obtains the contract for the architectural firm.
agent
represents owners interest and works for a fee
what is a motion?
request by a party that the judge decides is a question of law
Technical Specifications
require the contractor to submit product data, samples, and shop drawings to the architect known as submittals
Material Safety Data Sheet
required for each chemical on the jobsite
Q8 - Misrepresentation by owner may allow contractor to recover extra costs incurred because actual conditions encountered were not as they were represented
true
Shop Drawing
set of drawings produced by the contractor, supplier, manufacturer, subcontractor, or fabricator. They are not produced by architects or engineers. Drawn vision of information shown in construction documents. Includes more detail than construction documents, info needed to fabricate, samples, and installation verification.
Design Build
single firm responsible for both design and construction, two party arrangement
Contractor's construction schedule using six sigma for team selection:
six sigma can be used to develop the CCS (contractor's construction schedule) -A six sigma team consist of: a sponsor, a champion, team leader, & team members
exposed ceiling
structural and mechanical parts are not hidden from view
Product substitution
sometimes products are not available as market conditions shift
Who brings the lawsuit in a CRIMINAL case?
state/government
Contingent payment
sub will receive payment after contractor receives payment from the owner
Laws of subtance are called what
substantive laws
what starts a civil case?
summons + complaint
Risks
the adversely affect accomplishing the project objective
sprearin doctrine
the owner has a warranty for incomplete plans and specs
gables
the part of a wall that encloses the end of a pitched roof
hydration
the process by which cements combine chemically with water to harden
coped flange
the removal of a flange at the end of a steel beam in order to facilitate connection to another member.
Program
the start of every design. A written statement that identifies and describes an owner or end user's needs and requirements for a facility
Angle of Repose
the steepest angle at which loose material remains stationary without sliding downslope
bamboo flooring is more stable than conventional wood flooring
true
bituminous roof membranes are made from asphalt, a byproduct of petroleum distillation
true
carpet is a good flooring choice for a noisy room
true
float glass is used to make refrigerator doors
true
float glass technology is the basis for all modern day glass
true
litigation
trial-based process of issue resolution (jury)
A contractual relationship is expected to persists until the contract is discharged or terminated Answers: True False
true
Agency construction manager is a Technical advisor/consultant to the owner and often hired to bring its specific technical expertise to the project. Answers: True False
true
for a gypsum board partition system it is advisable to connect the wall stud to the top track with only one screw to allow for deflection in the floor above
true
gypsum lath is more economical than metal lath because of speed of installation
true
higher first costs may be justifiable if there are savings in life-cycle costs
true
hollow core doors are mainly used as interior residential doors
true
in a curtain wall aluminum glass framing system the external gasket serves only as a deterrent seal, while the internal gasket serves as an air barrier
true
insulation may be installed above or below the deck
true
lath is the base to which plaster is applied and is typically made of expanded metal or preformed gypsum
true
life-cycle cost is the first initial cost plus the all costs expected during the lifetime of the building
true
lines are drawn on the membrane to locate the metal studs in the backup wall
true
mechanical equipment needs to be isolated with resilient vibration absorbing materials in order to reduce the noise levels in the building caused by their operation
true
pavers are half thickness of bricks
true
Difficulties with estimating construction costs
uncontrolled environment each project is unique (weather, materials, locale, transportation) Yet we choose based on the lowest bid In effect we are awarding the contract to the contractor who left something out
elements under theory 3?
unjust enrichment
fire barriers and partitions
used to restrict the spread of fire and smoke within a single building
Finish to Finish
used when two activities should be completed at the same time despite different durations
Time card used in two ways
verify accurate hours and is then used for productivity standards for future estimates
column
vertical structural member
Post
vertical structural member used to support girders
What happens if there is no legal objective?
void
What happens if one party isn't capable?
voidable
What happens if there is no assent?
voidable
services in the correct sequence of installation
waste lines and water supply, pipes for automatic sprinklers, HVAC, electrical communication and control wiring, elevators and escalators
a horizontal expansion joint is installed under the shelf angle. It's purpose is to absorb all except?
water
compressive strength
water divided by cement
purpose of the backup wall
weather barrier
absorption capacity equation
weight of water divided by oven dry weight
joint reinforcing
welded grids of small-diameter steel rods that are laid into the bed joints at set vertical intervals
StakeHolders
who may influence or may be affected by the project
lower premium, safety aspect, pre-qualification
why emr is important to contractor
an insulation cover-board
will improve fire resistance, resistance to foot traffic, will provide a suitable surface for weather proofing
What is Chung's definition of construction project quality?
1) quality incoming materials 2) monitoring of production process 3) testing of finished products (Beginning-middle-end)
Benefits of VE (value engineering)
1) reduce project construction cost 2) improve project schedule 3) simplify procedures 4) increase procurements efficiency 5) use resource more effectively 6) decrease operation & maintain cost
Pricing Considerations
1. Reliability of the cost estimates 2. Risk 3. Value of the project to the contractor 4. Customers budget 5. Competition
4:12
A typical roof slope (rise to run) is ____.
Message digest
A value representing the application of a hash algorithm on a message that is transmitted with the message so it can be compared with the recipient's locally calculated hash of the same message. If both hashes are identical after transmission, the message has arrived without modification
wood flooring can be glued to the sub flooring, screwed, or float freely
true
Elevation
A set of drawings, projected from the roof and floor plans, that shows the exterior shape, finishes and vertical relationships on one side of a structure. Usually four elevations are provided
What is the difference between a gift v. a contract?
A gift, the supplier isn't rewarded/expect anything A contract there is a two way exchange
Virtual organization
A group of people brought together for a specific task, usually from different organizations, divisions, or departments
grout
A high-slump concrete, consisting of Portland cement, aggregates, and water. "filling"
girder
A horizontal beam that supports other beams; a very large beam, especially one that is built up from other sections.
waler
A horizontal beam used to support sheeting or concrete formwork.
ledger
A horizontal member supporting joists.
Diffie-Hellman key exchange
A hybrid cryptosystem that facilitates exchanging private keys using public-key encryption
masonry cement
A hydraulic cement made from a blend of portland cement, lime, and other dry admixtures designed to increase the workability of the mortar. See also Cement-lime mortar.
What is the purpose of a labor and materials payment bond?
A labor and materials payment bond is a guarantee, backed by a surety, that the labor and materials used in completing a project will be made.
Tremie
A large funnel with a tube attached, used to deposit concrete in deep forms or beneath water or slurry.
Leaders
A line that has an arrow at one end and a text note or symbol at the other. figure 4-4 pg 67.
curing compound
A liquid that, when sprayed on the surface of newly placed concrete, forms a water-resistant layer to prevent premature dehydration of the concrete.
Legend
A list of symbols used in a set of prints.
Total quality management
A management program featuring continual improvement and customer satisfaction
weld plate
A steel plate anchored into the surface of concrete, to which another steel element can be welded.
baseplate
A steel plate inserted between a column and a foundation to spread the concentrated load of the column across a larger area of the foundation.
Monoalphabetic cipher
A substitution cipher that only incorporates a single alphabet in the encryption process
Foreman
A supervise field workers/ Lahore crews
water-cement ratio
An expression of the relative proportions, by weight, of water and cement in a concrete mixture.
In CM at risk, the owner contracts directly with several specialty or trade contractors who would otherwise be first tier subcontractors under the traditional system
False?
In the traditional project delivery system, the owner does not get the complete design and stated maximum price before work begins
False?*
high-volume-fly-ash concrete
a concrete in which a high percentage of cementing substance is fly ash rather than portland cement
slab on grade
a concrete surface lying upon, and supported directly by, the ground beneath
limestone
a sedimentary rock consisting of calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, or both
fire wall
a wall that forms a required separation to restrict the spread of fire
Name the Elements applicable to Theory 4 (Promissory Estoppel)
a. Promise b. Promisor expects promisee to rely c. Promisee reasonably rellies d. Promisee suffers an injury
Name the Elements applicable to Theory 3 (Contract Implied in Law/Quasi-Contract/Quantum Meruit)
a. Unjust b. Enrichment
Rafter
a.k.a common rafter, spans from the walls top plates to the ridge beam, perpendicular to the plates and ridge
Isolation joint
a.k.a. expansion joint, used to separate a slab from an adjacent slab, wall, or column or some other part of a structure
acceleration, retarding admixture
accel: admixture that causes concrete or mortar to cure more rapidly retard: admixture used to slow the curing of concrete, mortar, or plaster
line of action chart
continuum of activities in the sequence of a project from start to finish
4 elements of breach
contract performance breach damages
Two categories of civil liability
contract and tort
conditions of contract
contract provisions applicable to most construction operations
lump-sum/stimulated-sum contract
contractor agrees to perform all work for a predetermined price including profit
building envelope
enclosure
Most common response to low productivity
encouraging the crew to work faster
EJCDC Docs
engineer-based construction document templates for project execution
lien releases
ensures subcontractors, workers, and vendors have been paid by the general contractor
guarantee and warranties
ensures workmanship of project, materials, and equipment for usually one year
general contractor
entity that provides the labor, equipment, materials and expertise to complete a project
entrance to the RBS
entrance
Courts CAN NOT grant relief for bid mistakes that are a result of___________
errors of judgement
joint ventures
established with one project in mind, dissolves when the project is complete
Pushing the work
evaluating the workman and making sure ones skills are fit for the work and that it be complete on time
when stone cladding is mounted on steel trusses, the trusses must support the weight of the stone, but not the wind loads
false
wood shingles are thicker than wood shakes
false
emergency generators did not work during tropical storm Allison because they were on the roof
false(they were on basement)
hook, stirrup, tie
hook: semicircular bend in the end of a reinforcing bar, made for the purpose of anchoring the end of the bar securely into the surrounding concrete stirrup: vertical loop of steel bar used to reinforce a concrete beam against diagonal tension forces tie: device for holding two parts of a construction together; a structural device that acts acts in tension
furring strip
length of wood or metal attached to a masonry or concrete wall to permit the attachment of finish materials using screws or nails; any linear material used to create a spatial separation between a finish material and an underlying substrate
parapet
low wall around the edge of the roof
Pile driver
machine used to drive piles into the ground using a heavy weight placed in a guide powered by hydraulics, steam or diesel engine
brick
modular building component made of clay
liquidated damage
monetary charge, reflection of additional costs, lost income
buy out
monetary difference between estimated bid cost and actual cost
liquidated damages
monetary penalty for late project completion
Q8 - Contracts frequently contain broad exculpatory clauses disclaiming liability for the accuracy of ____________________
soil borings, specs, plans, subsurface data
Project charter Includes...
sometimes called a project authorization or a project initiation document. Summarizes the key conditions and parameters for the project and establishes the framework for developing a detailed baseline plan. 1. Project Title 2. Purpose 3. Description 4. Objective 5. Success criteria or expected benefits 6. Funding 7. Major Deliverables 8. Acceptance Criteria 9. Milestone Schedule 10. Key assumptions 11. Constraints 12. Major risks 13. Approval Requirements 14. Project Manager 15. Reporting requirements 16. Sponsor Designee 17. Approval Signature
subcontractors
specialty constructors hired for a portion of the job
Offer
specific terms intent to be bound communicate from offeror to offeree
knee board
squares of plywood placed on surface to allow mason to move and smooth unreachable areas
The first element
standard of conduct: created a zro-tolerance level for the use of alcohol and drugs while on the job
the unit system mode of assembly needs more space foe shipping and more protection from damage than stick systems
true
thermal breaks are internal components of insulating material that thermally isolate the aluminum on the interior side from the exterior side
true
when different metals come into contact, electrical current flows between them, and corrosion of the more active or anodic metal results
true
wood shingles and shakes are not attached to a solid decking to allow air to circulate under them
true
In implied in law contracts, an obligation is created by law to avoid unjust enrichment (for example, through fraud or duress) Answers: True False
true?
double glazing
two sheets of glass with a thermally insulating gas between them
public
ultimate end user of construction
PAYMENTS -Unit Price Contracts
based on the unit prices as bid and precise measurements of in-place field quantities. -architect/engineer verifies the measured quantities, then a certificate of pay is issued to the owner. -the owner is to pay for those in-place items by the stipulated date....some late payments are subject to interest charges
Corporate safety
begins with a company declaration, stated objectives, and both accountability and authority for implementation of safety regulations for a safe site
spread footing
below-grade support structure for one column
GFRC is used for
concrete curtain walls
Slip forms
concrete forms that slide up a wall as more of it is completed
formwork
concrete mold
reinforced concrete
concrete work into which steel bars have been embedded to impart tensile strength to the construction
what are two phases of non jury trial
evidence and judgement
How many hinges are on a standard door?
One and a half.
EIFS
stucco-like exterior finish system
EIFS
stucco-like exterior finishing system
Cripple or Jack stud
stud that supports the sill of a wall opening, is face nailed directly to the jack stud, and continue under the sill
Prior to payment of subs
submit certificates of insurance, bonds, material samples, shop drawings
mortar
substance used to join masonry units, consisting of cementitious materials, fine aggregate, and water
single hung window
the bottom sash opens up
Three categories of substance abuse
1. Alcohol 2. leagl drugs 3. illegal drugs
Raker
A sloping brace for supporting sheeting around an excavation.
What are some examples of demonstrative evidence?
All of the Above
Bid proposal
Formal offer to provide resources and expertise for a stated price
Crawl space
Area formed between the floor system and the ground
Blueprint
Consists of white lines on a blue background.
Eighteen
How many courses of brick are there in four vertical feet
Two
How many face shells does typical CMU have
Record drawings
The documents the detail the actual project built
3 Types of legal liabilities
civil criminal disciplinary
What are the Federal Powers?
1. Declare war 2. monies 3. immigration 4. treaties 5. interstate commerce
Top areas of safety conbtrol
Fire protection and prevention
The judge decides the questions of _____________
Law
HR Strategy(Horizontal)
Staffing Training/Dev Compensation Performance MGT
Gable
A type of roof with two sloping surfaces that intersect at the right of the structure
Plan Drawing
Top view in a construction drawing.
Chapter 3
Building effective and successful relationships takes time and work. It does not happen over night.
Shiner
What is number 3
A rule of substance is a rule of?
Who wins
trades
construction workers
slip-forming
Building multistory site-cast concrete walls with forms that rise up the wall as construction progresses.
Platform Framing
is the universal standard light wood frame system
consideration
legal value given as part of bargain or exchange
Payment
not made until paperwork is complete
secondary invesigations
preformed by contractor
Direct Relationship
privity of contract
embedded plate
provide an attachment for welding
banks
provide working capital to the contractors
Walter Shewhart introduced...
statistical quality control (SQC)
According to Chung and Roberts:
"Quality does not cost-it pays" -States that a proactive quality system can drastically reduce the cost of repair/rework by as much as 7% -take the time to do it right the first time (less money)
According to Pyzdek, standards are...
"Standards are documents used to define exceptable conditions or behaviors and to provide a baseline for assuring that conditions or behaviors meet acceptable criteria"
How does the American Society for Quality (ASQ) define quality management?
"The application of a quality management system in managing a process to achieve maximum costumer satisfaction at the lowest overall cost, while continuing to improve the process"
According to the Construction Industry Institute (CII), the cost of quality...
"The cost of quality is penalty paid for an imperfect world" It is the costs of all extra work we do beyond merely doing a task correctly the first time to meet the requirements and expectations
According to ISO 9000, what is quality assurance?
"Those planned and systematic actions necessary to provide adequate confidence that product or service will satisfy given requirements for quality"
Some of the most common standards used in building construction projects are...
-American Society for Testing & Materials (ASTM) -American society for heating -Refrigerating -Air conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) -National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
Detailed shop drawings are used too:
-Help the contractor achieve zero defects in installation at the first stage -avoiding any rejection/rework -ensure sufficient installation & execution of work
Strategic Quality Management (2001)
1) quality defines by customer 2) linked w/ profitability 3) quality has become a competitive weapon 4) part of strategic planning 5) organization wide commitment
Designers of environmental performance buildings should consider...
-Using natural resources -energy conservation -environmental protection -use of materials harmonizing w/ environment -its surrounding natural habitat/built environment -temerpature -lighting/sound -less water -environmentally friendly matierlas -aesthetic maten between a structure + surrounding
Compressive strength
-can range from 3,000 psi -Normal strength concrete 3000-6000 -High strength concrete 6,000-9,000psi -High performance concrete
Benefits of project planning and scheduling:
-organized & structured manner -reducing uncertainties to a minimum -reducing risk to a minimum -establishing quality standards -achieving results within budget & scheduled time
Examples of mobilization include:
-set up offices& storage -construct temporary access roads/lay down areas/area fences -install utilities -set up temp. firefighting systems -perform site survey & testing -satisfy health and site safety -submit preliminary construction program -selection of core staff -selection of subcontractors
site plans
-surveying information -proposed grades -true or assumed north -existing topography
PAYMENTS -Lump Sum Contracts
-the schedule of values is the basis for which payments are made to the contractor -the only verification needed on each payment request is proof that the work has been performed. -allows for contractor to front-end-load the billings -owners use of establishing a date of completion, incentives for early completion
tests preformed on wet concrete
-unit weight test -Temperature test -Air content tests -Cement Content tests
master format for glass
08
Actual dimensions of a 2x4
1 1/2 x 3 1/2
What are Crosby's three essential beliefs on quality:
1) a belief in qualification 2) manangement leadership 3) prevention rather than cure
The components/activities of a construction lifestyle are:
1) conceptual design 2) preliminary design 3) detailed design 4) construction 5) testing, commissioning, handover
The authors of Quality in the Construction Project state, that design professionals ensure quality by:
1) developing a scope of services that meets the owners requirements 2) developing a design activity plan 3) defining project design guidelines 4) estimating cost of quality design 5) building flexibility into design activity plan to allow for changes and future expansion 6) develop a realistic schedule 7) monitoring design progress
5 distinct eras of the history of quality are...
1) egypt: pyramids were built around 2500 BC with a certain quality 2) Mesopotamia era: builders were given a death penalty if the construction collapsed and workers/occupants were killed 3) China: china's recorded quality can be tracked back to (earlier than) 200 BC 4) Shipbuilders: scandinavian shipbuilders were using quality improvement techniques over the whole first two millennia BC and the first millennium CE Romans: standardized nearly everything they touched from 300 BC to 300 CE Greeks: tight quality control methods in building their temples Specifications/Inspections: examples of specifications and inspections can be found in the Bible dating from at least 500 BC
Kerzner's "customer's view on quality:
1) higher performance requirements 2) faster product developments 3) higher technology levels 4) materials & processes pushed to the limit 5) lower contractor profit managing 6) fewer defects/rejects
What are the 3 options an appellate court can do?
1. Affirm 2. Reverse 3. Reverse & Remand
Some objectives of monitoring and control are too
1) report necessary information 2) provide an organized/efficient means of measuring, collecting, verifying, and quantifying data 3) provide an organized/efficient/accurate means of converting data from process to information 4)identify/isolate most important/most critical info about project activities 5) forecast/predict future progress of act to be performed
According to the "Classification of Projects/Characteristics":
1) residential construction 2) building construction (institutional and commercial) 3) industrial construction 4) heavy engineering construction
An effective O&M program should include:
1) up to date drawings (as built) 2) operational procedures/manuals 3) master schedule of preventive maintenance 4) implementation of pm (post maintenance) programs 5) ensure O&M personnel are trained
Construction project quality plan documentation consist of...
1) well defined specifications for all materials, products, components and equipment 2) detailed construction drawings 3) detailed work procedure 4) details of the quality standards & codes 5) costs of the project 6) manpower & other recourses to be used for the project 7) project completion schedule
What amendments to the constitution reserve powers?
1-10 ← protects people only 10 ← protects states
Two categories in recorded cases
1. Audits of recorded injuries or illnesses for a certain time frame, requested by federal or stated health and safety organizations. 2. All accidents resulting in one or more fatalities or hospitalization of three or more employees. (not all illnesses and injuries must be recorded)
What are the two functions of the Constitution?
1. Delegate Powers 2. Reserve Powers
Name the 2 Contract Theories that apply to Actual Contracts (Legal Theories)
1. Express Contract - Language 2. Contract Implied in Fact - Facts and Circumstances
Name the 4 Contract Theories
1. Express Contract - Language 2. Contract Implied in Fact - Facts and Circumstances 3. Contract Implied in Law, quasi-contract, quantam meruit 4. Promissory Estoppel
How do you know if there is misrepresentation in Assent?
1. Misrepresentation 2. Fact 3. Material or 4. Fraudulant
Contract terms and conditions
1. Misrepresentation of costs 2. Notice of cost overruns or schedule delays. 3. Approval of subcontractor. 4. Customer-furnished equipment or information 5. Patents 6. Disclosure of proprietary information 7. International considerations. 8. Termination. 9. Terms of payment. 10. Bonus/penalty payments. 11. Changes.
What are the 4 instances you can rescind for lack of assent?
1. Mistake 2.Misrepresentation 3. Duress 4. Undue Influence
How do you know if there is a mistake in Assent?
1. Mutual 2. Mistake of 3. Material 4. Fact
In a proposal the contractor must convince the customer that the contractor
1. Understands what the customer is looking for. 2. Can carry out the proposed project. 3. Will provide the greatest value to the customer. 4. Is the best contractor to address the need or solve the problem. 5. Will capitalize on its successful experience with previous related projects. 6. Will do the work professionally. 7. Will achieve the intended results. 8. Will complete the project within budget and on schedule. 9. Will satisfy the customer.
What are the five methods of discovery
1. deposition 2.Interrogatories 3. request for admissions 4. request for production (documents/things) 5. Independent Medical Examination
Who are the 3 incapable parties?
1. involuntarily intoxicated 2. infant: >18 3. insane
how does one NEGATE risk?
1. release waivers → Voluntary Release of Known Rights
Preparing a request for Proposal
1. state the project objective. 2. statement of work 3. customer requirements 4. deliverables 5. acceptance criteria 6. list any customer supplied items 7. approvals required by the customer 8. type of contract the customer intends to use. 9. payment terms. 10. state the required schedule 11. provide instructions for the formate and content of the contractor proposals. 12. Should indicate the due date 13. the evaluation criteria 14. In rare cases it will indicate the funds the customer has available to spend on the project.
What is the minimum pitch in inches per foot of run for a low slope roof?
1/8"/foot by the book, 1/4"/foot to Carney
Quiz 6 - AIA Document A401 provides that "the contractor may terminate the subcontractor upon ____________ day-notice if the subcontractor repeatedly fails or neglects to carry out the work"
10
Toolbox talk
10-15 min
Paper waste
21% highest
Name the 2 Contract Theories that apply to Not Actual Contracts (Equitable Theories)
3. Contract Implied in Law, quasi-contract, quantam meruit 4. Promissory Estoppel
What is the ratio of rise/run that is the break point between low slope and high slope roofs?
3:12 or >
Assessment of quality systems to develop long-term quality strategies comprises:
4 strategies: 1) cost of poor quality 2) organization's standing in the marketplace 3) quality culture in the organization 4) operation of quality management system
fine aggregate
4,8,16,30,50,100
Burden of proof in a civil lawsuit
51%
purlin
A beam that spans across the slope of a steep roof to support the roof decking.
Responsive bid (or proposal)
A bid or proposal package that meets all of the requirements of the solicitation instrument.
bearing pad
A block of plastic or synthetic rubber used to cushion the point at which one precast concrete element rests upon another
rowlock
A brick laid horizontally on the longer edge with the shorter end exposed.
Particleboard
A building panel composed of small particles of wood bonded together under pressure
Public-private partnership
A business venture approach whereby a public sector authority and a private enterprise join forces and combine resources to deliver government projects aimed at serving the public good.
Mortar
A cementitious material that bonds individual masonry units together. Types include: Type M,S,N,O,& K pg 123
Revision cloud
A cloud like circle placed around the area on a drawing that is changed
Open Bid
A competitive bidding requirement for all public projects. An open bid is one that is advertised publicly and allows any qualified contractor to submit a bid on a project.
Ledger
A component used to provide support for the floor joists and subfloor when they intersect the concrete
moment connection
A connection between two structural members that is resistant to rotation between the members and therefore capable of transmitting bending moments between the connected members, as differentiated from a shear connection, which allows (slight) rotation
shear connection
A connection designed to resist only the tendency of one member to slide past the other, and not, as in a moment connection, to resist any tendency of the members to rotate with respect to one another; in steel frame construction, a simple connection.
Bronze
A copper-tin alloy which contains various other elements such as aluminum and silicon. resistant to corrosion and widely used for ornamental architectural products.
quoin
A corner reinforcing of cut stone or bricks in a masonry wall, usually done for decorative effect.
tie
A device for holding two parts of a construction together; a structural device that acts in tension.
Request for qualifications
A document issued by the owner prior to an RFP to solicit contractor or design-builder qualifications. The RFQ may be used by the owner to shortlist potential proposers, or it may be used by itself as the final competitive submittal employed in qualifications-based selection.
Orthographic Projection
A method in which different views of the subject are shown. Uses different reference points perpendicular to one another. Almost all const. drawings are created this way. The views are projected at a right angle to each other.
turn-of-nut method
A method of achieving the correct tightness in a high-strength bolt by first tightening the nut snugly, then turning it a specified additional fraction of a turn.
tilt-up construction
A method of constructing concrete walls in which panels are cast and cured flat on a floor slab then tilted up into their final position.
Setback
A minimum distance required between the building and the property lines is a ______.
What is a mullion and gasket?
A mullion supports glass and transmits load throughout the structure. A gasket seals and isolates the glass, and allows for thermal expansion and contraction.
Invitation for bids
A notification sent to a selected list of contractors, furnishing information on the submission of bids on a private project.
What is a histogram?
A pictorial representation of a set of data, it's created by grouping measurements into cells and it displays how often different values occur
shear stud
A piece of steel welded to the top of a steel beam or girder so as to become embedded in the concrete fill over the beam and cause the beam and the concrete to act as a single structural unit.
Fast Tracking
A practice used to speed up the construction process by overlapping the design and construction phases. This method is often applied in design-build or construction management project delivery
Waterstop
A preformed piece of rubber, plastic, or metal that is used to block the passage of water through a joint in concrete
Value Engineering
A process in which various alternative approaches are evaluated and considered regarding design, product selection, or building system in an effort to provide the most efficient, cost-effective solution possible relative to value in response to the desires of the owner
What is six sigma?
A process of quality goal -This process focuses on reducing variation in the process and preventing deficiency in the product
Dewatering
A process of removing water and/or lowering the water table within a construction site
Design-Bid-Build
A project delivery method in which the owner holds two contracts; one with the design firm and one with the construction firm. Also known as the traditional project delivery method
Design-Build
A project delivery method in which there is only one contract between the owner and the design-build entity. Also known as single-source project delivery
At-risk CM
A project delivery method where the construction manager acts as a consultant to the owner in the development and design phases but as the equivalent of a general contractor during the construction phase o GMP (Guaranteed Maximum Price)
Chapter 3
A proposal is a selling document not a technical report.
Advertisement for bids
A public notice, usually published in newspapers, trade magazines, and journals, providing information regarding bidding procedures for public projects.
Successor activity
A second activity that cannot start until the first activity is complete
thermal break
A section of material with low thermal conductivity installed between metal components to retard the passage of heat through a wall or window assembly.
Longitudinal section
A section produced when the cutting plane is perpendicular to the long axis of the structure
Partial section
A section that does not go completely through the structure; used to show only a specific area of the structure.
Transport Layer Security
A security protocol developed to use public-key encryption to secure a channel over the Internet
S/MIME
A security protocol that builds on the encoding format of the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) protocol and uses digital signatures based on public-key cryptosystems to secure e-mail
Penetration test
A set of security tests and evaluations that simulate attacks by a hacker or other malicious external source
dowel
A short cylindrical rod of wood or steel; a steel reinforcing bar that projects from a foundation to tie it to a column or wall, or from one section of a concrete slab or wall to another.
broom finish
A skid-resistant texture imparted to an uncured concrete surface by dragging a stiff-bristled broom across it.
Mantrap
A small room or enclosure with separate entry and exit points, designed to restrain a person who fails an access authorization attempt
Cohesive Soil
A soil whose particles stick together when wet
Punchlist
A tabulation of unfinished or incorrectly installed components
slump test
A test for mixed concrete to determine consistency and workability.
Pile Cap
A thick slab of reinforced concrete poured across the top of a pile cluster to cause the cluster to act as a unit in supporting a column.
flashing
A thin, continuous sheet of metal, plastic, rubber, or waterproof paper used to prevent the passage of water through a joint in a wall, roof, or chimney.
trowel
A thin, flat steel tool, either pointed or rectangular, provided with a handle and held in the hand, used to manipulate mastic, mortar, plaster, or concrete. Also, a machine whose rotating steel blades are used to finish concrete slabs; to use a trowel.
Floor Plans, Architectural Elevations, Architectural Sections, Architectural Details, & Schedules
A typical organization of Architectural drawings consists of_____.
wythe
A vertical layer of masonry that is one masonry unit thick
Site Plan (Plot Plan)
A view from directly above the property that shows the location of the building on the lot. Figure 8-1 pg 142.
Section/Interior Elevation
A view of the interior of a building.
Plan
A view taken from directly above the building object.
Plywood
A wood product made of several layers of lumber arranged with the grain at right angles in each successive layer and bonded with an adhesive. Speeds construction and is considered an economical building material.
Quiz 7 - Who is authorized to make changes?
A/E Minor changes, Contracting officer in govt. , owner
___________is the most widely used organization in the US for administering of construction disputes through arbitration.
AAA
Which of the following delays are recoverable under a no-damages-for-delays clause?
ALL: DELAYS NOT CONTEMPLATED BY THE PARTIES DELAYS THAT AMOUNT TO AN ABANDONMENT OF THE CONTRACT DELAYS THAT WERE THE RESULT OF FRAUD, BAD FAITH, OR ARBITRARY ACTIONS DELAYS THAT ARE RESULT OF ACTIVE INTERFERENCE DELAYS THAT ARE UNREASONABLE
What are the major categories in a CRIMINAL CASE
According to severity A. Infraction B. Misdemeanor C. Felony According to harm caused A. to the person B. to property C. to the State
standards for gypsum board finishes are set according to the finish coat
true
What are the advantages and disadvantages of using glass?
Advantages: allows natural light, views of environment, provides heat. Disadvantages: limits privacy, lower resistance to thermal transition, initial & operating costs.
Why use different forms of negotiation instead of litigation?
Advantages: reduced cost, fast resolution, privacy, and less adversity in effect lawyers are often the only party who win in litigation cases favored by courts and litigants
Explain how agency CM is different from at-risk CM.
Agency CM is a fee-based contract with the owner to oversee the design and construction of a project while keeping the owner's interests in mind while an at-risk CM is contracted by the owner to oversee the design phase but then assumes the risk building the project by guaranteeing to keep cost at or below GMP.
Elements of Contract theory 1
Agreement Consideration Legal Objective Capacity Assent Writing(Land contracts)
Through what avenues can discovery for a case in litigation be achieved?
All Listed
Through which of the following can evidence in a trial be presented?
All Listed
Quiz 7 - Under which legal theory can a contractor performing extra works at the directive of someone other than the designated person recover?
All of the Above
Which of the following acts or failures to act result in excusable compensable delays?
All of the Above
To recover under a change clause, what must a contractor consider?
All of the above
What should a change order correspondence include?
All of the above
What does the 10th amendment say?
All powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved to the states and the people
Front-Loading
Allocation of overhead to items that will be completed early in the project. Three different degrees.
Identify the notice document that informs the public of upcoming construction projects funded with taxpayer dollars.
An advertisement for bids is an announcement, usually posted electronically through a construction leads service, that informs the public of upcoming projects.
NSPE
An engineering organization
Weighted Criteria
An evaluation method used in best-value selection in which maximum point values are assessed for qualitative and price components of a proposal. Contract award is based upon the highest total points earned.
SHTTP
An extended version of Hypertext Transfer Protocol that provides for the encryption of protected Web pages transmitted via the Internet between a client and server, but encrypts only the served page data and submitted data like POST fields, leaving the initiation of the protocol unchanged
What is Building Information Modeling (BIM)?
An innovative process (program) of generating a digital database for collaboration and managing a building data during its life cycle
Public Key Infrastructure
An integrated system of software, encryption methodologies, protocols, legal agreements, and third-party services that enables users to communicate securely through the use of digital certificate
control joint
An intentional, linear discontinuity in a structure or component designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere. Also called a contraction joint.
Partition
An interior non-loadbearing wall
Tongue and Groove
An interlocking edge detail for joining planks or panels
IPSec
An open-source protocol framework for security development within the TCP/IP family of protocol standards
What is the difference between annealed glass and tempered glass ?
Annealed glass that is cooled slowly under controlled conditions to avoid internal stresses. Tempered glass is annealed glass that is later reheated and cooled causing the surface to cool quickly and the core to cool slow. It goes through this process to induce permanent compressive strength on the surface and tensile strength in the core.
Girder
Another name for a beam, and is used to support the floor joists as they span across the foundation.
Defensive document filed by defendant in california civil lawsuit
Answer
Chroming
Applying chromium as a finish to a metal suface
the stick system mode of assembly is built on site
true
Proposal
Architect receives and will issue a contract change directive
Hidden Lines
Are thin lines composed of short dashes. They define edges and surfaces that are behind other objects and are not visible in a particular view. Often reveled in the elevation or sectional view.
Break Lines
Are used to indicate that only a portion of an object is shown, There are 2 types: Long and short ones. figure 4-5 pg 67
Where are the powers to regulate interstate commerce
Article 1 Sec. 8 US Constiution
Front loading
Assignment of higher unit cost to activities that occur early in the schedule
Someone you sell a contract claim to
Assignor
Project engineer
Assists the project manager
What is the purpose of base flashing and counter flashing at parapets?
Base flashing creates a water tights barrier by turning up a vertical surface. Counter flashing folds downward overlapping the base to prevent water from intruding the base.
Footing
Base of the foundation system and is used to displace the building load over the soil
Gain Sharing
Based on company performance Increases productivity Increases customer satisfaction Reduces cost Better safety records
PAYMENTS -Cost-Plus Contracts
Based on the actual expenditures made on a project by the contractor. -the contractor is reimbursed for direct expenditures (must be fully documented), plus an allowance for profit and overhead. -the contract must state the specific nature of all expenditures for which the contractor will be reimbursed
Grade beam
Beam placed under or at the soil level and spans between stable supports, either foundation pilings or piers
Invitation to bid
Before the project manual. Contains project name, number, location, description, owner name and address, bid date and time, bid security required, architect engineers location, address, and contact.
What is meant by the term fast tracking?
Beginning the building process prior to all the plans being done in order to accelerate the process.
Continuous footing
Below grade support structure for a foundation wall
Pier
Below grade support structure for one column
Pier
Below-grade support structure for one column
Slurry Wall
Bentonite clay and water mix makes an excellent slurry for building a _____________.
ConsensusDocs 200 Standard Agreement and GC - Owner Contractor Lump Sum
Between Owner and Constructor -constructor shall provide all labor, materials and services necessary to complete the work, all that should be in full accord with the contract documents. - constructor is responsible for the supervision/coordination of the work/methods/means/procedures of the project. And for cooperation with work of owner and others. Responsible to schedule all tests/approvals/inspections of work -owner shall provide contractor with evidence of project financing, worksite information describing the physical characteristics of the worksite, building permit/fees, mechanics/construction lien information
Cement
Binds the concrete mixture together. Has 5 basic types.
County, City, and Special Districts have which bodies.
Board of Supervisors City Council Board of Directors
Appearance
Boards are typically graded for __________
Laminating
Bonding layers of lumber together with adhesive.
What are the types of local government?
City County Special District
What is legal objective?
Both parties are legally obliged to perform their part of the contract less they face legal action
soldier
Brick laid on its end, with its face visible
manufacture
Brick sizes are determined by the ____________
Brick Symbols
Brick symbols figure 7-10 pg 118
flemish bond
Brickwork laid with each course consisting of alternating headers and stretchers.
common bond
Brickwork laid with five courses of stretchers followed by one course of headers.
NFPA 5000
Building Construction and Safety Code
According to Chung, a building is of good quality if...
Building at good quality if it will function as intended for designated life
The drawings
Civil "C", Architectural "A", Structural "S", Mechanical "M", Electrial "E"
What are some examples of demonstrative evidence?
Charts and Graphs, Video Recordings, Photographs
Owners Inspector
Checks quality of construction and has no authority over the construction process
List and explain the three building codes that are based on flame spread resistance.
Class A: effective against severe fire exposure Class B: effective against moderate fire exposure Class C: effective against light fire exposure
EIFS
Classing system that consists of a thin layer of reinforced stucco applied directly to the surface of an insulating plastic foam board
What are some essential elements of a constructive acceleration claim?
Click all of the options ( all of the above)
Galvanizing
Coating steel or iron with zinc to resist rusting. Widely used for flashing and other applications where weather tends to corrode metals.
What is the name of the first building code?
Code of Hammurabi - not only the first building code but set of laws for a community
Ethics
Code of conduct
King stud
Common stud located on the edge of a wall opening, usually a door or window
Architect's Scale
Commonly used to make drawings for buildings, such as floor plans, elevations, and details. Can be used to measure distances on a drawing by matching the drawing scale to the appropriate scale listed on the instrument.
Security +
CompTIA certification tests for security knowledge. Candidates must have two years of on-the-job networking experience. The exam covers industry-wide topics, including communication security, infrastructure security, cryptography, access control, authentication, external attack, and operational and organization security
functional structure
Company structure based on an individual's role and area of expertise
Functional organization
Company structure based on an individuals roll and area of expertise
Functional organization
Company structure based on individual's role in area of expertise
Divisional organization
Company structure based on the type of work performed (designed or built)
divisional structure
Company structure based on type of work performed (designed or built)
A contractor might consider the following factors when deciding whether to develop a proposal in response to RFP(request for proposal):
Competition, Risk, Mission, Extension of Capabilities, Reputation, Customer Funds, Proposal Resources, Project Resources
Strategic Decisions
Competitive HR Compensation
O&M Manuel
Compilation of project documents, product data, warranties, etc.
CADD Systems
Computer aided design and drafting software that is drawn at full scale.
Financial Officer
Concerned with the disbursement of funds. The contractor provides the financial officer with cashflow projection.
compressive. tensile (pulling)
Concrete and masonry have great _______ strengths , but very little _____ strengths.
architectural concrete
Concrete intended as a finish surface and produced to a higher-quality standard.
transit-mixed concrete
Concrete mixed in a drum on the back of a truck as it is transported to the building site.
Formwork
Concrete mold
Post tensioned concrete
Concrete with internal tendons stressed after installation
S-Structural Drawings
Concrete, steel & wood superstructure, building support system. & details. Foundation plans and framing plans. Include sections and details to show construction requirements. Figure 1-4 pg 16
Differences between AIA A201 and consensus
Consensus docs gives owners and constructors the opportunity to provide for liquidated damages instead of other damages that may be incurred for extra costs. A201 docs contain a mutual waiver of consequential damages where as ConsesnusDocs provide a limited waiver. consesusdocs does not require the constructor to identify the owner as an additional insured on its policy as AIA docs do
Warranty
Constitutes certification that an aspect of a contract is in fact as it was promised to be. -stipulates the time period for which the warranty is valid -if there is a breach in warranty, the warrantor becomes liable for damages -the contractor to maintain some responsibility for the project even after it has been completed
"Construction Unique Problems"
Construction is unique as follows: 1) custom work 2) can be challenging to rectify field problems 3) has to be right from the start (homestead) 4) short project duration 5) each project has specific needs/situations 6) project location varies widely 7) subject to interruptions & varies conditions 8) need for highly skilled crafts/people 9) involves integration of multiple disicples 10) defined scope, schedule, budget
Distinguish between construction management as a function and construction management as a project delivery method.
Construction management as a function entails various tasks performed by the contractor such as estimating, scheduling, cost control, and contract administration in order to monitor, manage and control the work of the contract for which the contractor is obligated. Construction management as a project delivery method is a contractual arrangement whereby the construction manager is hired by the owner to provide services to the owner, such as design review, overall scheduling, cost control, value engineering, constructability reviews, and construction coordination. Under CM project delivery, the construction manager may or may not be financially obligated to carry out the construction work itself.
occurs when the owner fails to grant the contractor time extension to which it is entitled and the contractor is required to finish the project earlier than extended completion date
Constructive Acceleration
Nonferrous Metals
Contain no iron and do not have magnetic properties. lighter and less strong.
Below-grade support structure for a foundation wall
Continuous footing
Line of action chart
Continuum of activities in the sequence of a project from start to finish
What happens if there is no signature?
Contract Unenforceable
Which of the following is true about interpreting a contract? Answers: Preprinted terms take priority over conflicting typewritten terms The contract must be considered as a whole Handwritten terms take priority over conflicting typewritten and preprinted terms Specific terms should take precedence over the more general terms
Contract is considered as a whole specific takes precedence over the more general HANDWRITTEN TERMS TAKE PRIORITY OVER CONFLICTING TYPEWRITTEN AND PREPRINTED
What happens if there is no consideration when creating a contract?
Contract is invalid
Define "contractor's quality control plan"
Contractor submits the plans/ spec requirements to ensure the owner everything is correct
Constructability Reviews
Contractors and managers meet with designers to determine if the details of design can actually be built in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Includes reviews of materials, application, installation techniques, field execution and building systems
Prints/Working Drawings/Plans
Copy of a drawing. Most have dark lines on a light background. Used to direct construction team. Arranged in order of construction.
Extrinsic Compensation
Core Compensation Adjustments to Core Compensation Legally Required Employee Benefits Discretionary Employee Benefits
Quiz 7 - Which of the following standard contract documents does NOT describe the extent of authorized changes with reference to the owner's right to order changes to the 'general scope' of the contract?
EJCDC
Company Wide Incentive Plans Advantages
Enable employees to share company profits Allows company greater financial flexibility
Unlike statutory and regulatory laws, common laws are made by some governing body with the authority to make them. Answers: True False
False
ZOPA is an acronym for 'Zone of Positive Agreement'
False
T/F Fed and State Supreme Courts are called Superior Courts?
False. Called Supreme Courts.
How are subcontractors selected by Contractor?
Customary for the GC to receive bids from a variety of specialty contractors - 80% of all contracts are awarded through competitive bidding GC must exercise some judgement. if the lowest price is submitted by an unfamiliar firm, the GC may decide to use a price from a familiar firm.
Chapter 3
Customer Evaluation of Proposals
In the qualification stage of a negotiated "best-value" selection process, the procuring agency selects the bidder that presents the best value to the project
False
Only complex projects need documentation systems that ensure accurate and comprehensive recording of job progress and problems in real time
False
Q10 - Much construction estimating is now done with the help of powerful computer estimating softwares that are not user friendly.
False
Q10- One advantage of using BIM is that it does not give rise to intellectual property issues such as copyright and ownership
False
Q10- A payment bond means that if the contractor defaults and fails to complete, the surety will complete performance or pay damages up to the limit of the bond's penal sum
False
Q12- Contractors can ascertain the financial competence of the owner by requiring payment and performance bonds
False
Q12- Risk can only be eliminated, not mitigated
False
Q12- What issues would be investigated when qualifying the site and locale?
False
Q12-A payment bond means that if the contractor defaults and fails to complete, the surety will complete performance or pay damages up to the limit of the bond's penal sum
False
Quiz 5 The submittals give info about processes, materials, and methods to be used by the A/E, & reflects the A/E's understanding of contract requirements
False
Quiz 6 - The lowest subcontractor always turns out to be the least expensive
False
Quiz 7 - A constructive change arising in connection with defective plans and specs has its basis in the Severin doctrine
False
Quiz 7 - The GC should include a provision in the subcontract that the sub should halt operations while a change is being negotiated
False
Quiz 7 - ConcensusDOCS 200 requires written notice to the owner within 21 days after the occurrence or 21 days after the contractor recognizes the condition, whichever is later, giving rise to the claim
False
Factors that Influence Wages
Cost of Living Labor Availability Differences
Adjustments to Core Compensation
Cost of Living Seniority Merit Pay Incentive Person Focused
Electrical Plan
Created by the electrical contractor. Locations of receptacles, switches, and fixtures are included on this drawing.
Chapter 3
Customers and partner organizations prefer to work with people they know and trust. Relationships establish the foundation for successful funding and contract opportunities.
A log of the day's activities Activities performed (Who, What, Where, How) Equipment, Manpower, Materials Weather Issues encountered Visitors Photographs Safety Generally written by Project Super or Engineer
Daily Reports
Quiz 7 - Court have identified seven elements required to establish a claim for constructive acceleration
False
Motions filed in pleadings, discovery, and trial phase are called?
Demurrer Motion for summary judgment Motion for a directed verdict.
5 processes of discovery?
Deposition Interrogatories Request for Admissions Request for Production IME
5 parts of discovery in civil case
Deposition interrogatory request for documents request for admission IME
The construction phase consist of various activities such as:
Design Bid Mobilization Build Close-out
Strategic Compensation
Design & implementation of compensation systems to reinforce the objectives of both HR strategies & business strategies
What is the purpose of a rainscreen?
Design the cladding to allow wind pressure differences between the outside and inside to neutralize themselves.
Quiz 8 - If the contract does not contain a DSC clause, the contractor can not be granted relief in the event of a differing site condition
False
Risk can only be eliminated, not mitigated
False
Identify the three primary project delivery methods and discuss how they differ contractually.
Design-bid-build • Owner contracts a designer/engineer • Owner contracts the GC o Design-Build • Owner contracts the GC • GC contracts Designer/Engineering -or- • Owner contracts the Designer • Designer contracts the GC -or- • Owner contracts a GC/Designer firm -or- • Owner contracts both the GC and Designer under one contract o Construction Management • Owner contracts with CM to oversee process • Owner contracts with GC • Owner Contracts with design team
Which procurement method is the most commonly used today, and what the selection criteria used to determine the winner?
Design-bid-build is the most common used procurement method used and utilized the low-bid selection criteria.
Name the three basic ways in which a design-build entity may be configured.
Designer and Contractor Partnership • Most prevalent form of design build • Owner contracts either the design firm or the construction firm. The remaining entity then becomes a subcontractor of the prime contract holder. o Full-Service Design-Build Firm • The construction professionals and design professionals are one company under the same roof. o Joint Venture • Similar to the designer and contractor partnership the only difference being that both companies are at-risk within a prime contract.
Quantity Surveys
Detailed compilation of the quantities of materials for a project Expressed in terms of units (i.e. cy of concrete, sf of ceramic tile, tons of steel, etc.)
shop drawing
Detailed drawings prepared by a fabricator to guide the shop production of such building components as cut stonework, steel or precast concrete framing, curtain wall panels, and cabinetwork.
Similar to an arbitration decision, DRB decision is subject to full appeal.
False
The contractor generally is entitled to extra time and monetary compensation for excusable delays
False
How is thickness determined for glass?
Determined by the size of the lites, maximum design load and acceptable breakage rate. A single strength window is 3/32", a double strength is 1/8" , and can go up to 1" thickness.
Costing (m^4T)
Determining the cost of materials, manpower, machinery per unit for specific project Money (time value of money) and Time (lost opportunities and penalties) Overhead and other indirect costs Profit and markup M,M,M,M,T (machinery, man power, material, money, time)
Construction Specifications Institute (CSI)
Developed the MasterFormat standard for identifying requirements, products, and activities used in the construction industry.
Fire suppression systems
Devices that are installed and maintained to detect and respond to a fire, potential fire, or combustion danger
Between Occupational Characteristics
Differences in KSAs w/in occupational group Pharmacist & Tech
Within Occupational Characteristics
Differences in complexity of KSAs
Quiz 5 - Which signature statement(s) are included in the contract documents for more specific A/E duties?
Directed by A/E to the A/E satisfaction subject to A/E's review
Discretionary Employee Benefits
Disability Life Retirement PTO Accommodation & Enhancement
Notice to Proceed
Document formally authorizing the start of the project
Undue influence
Dominant Party Susceptible Party unfair influence
What methods are used in glass to make up for its poor thermal properties?
Double and triple glazing, low-e coatings, low conductivity gas files, tinting/reflective coating, curtains/shutters, window sizing and orientation, shading/overhangs.
Extension Lines
Drawn perpendicular to the dimensioned lines to specify the features between which the dimension applies. figure 4-3 pg 67
Drennan v. Star Paving
Drennan sued Star paving under theory 4 and won. star appealed saying no contract, but supreme court affirmed.
UL Safety Standards
Dry pipe and Deluge Valves for Fire-Protection Service Smoke Detectors for Fire Alarm Signaling Systems Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishers Residential Sprinklers for Fire Protection Service Aboveground Flammable Liquid Tank Systems
The goal in tort case is to put the injured party in a better position than it would have been had the tort not been committed
False
Backfill
Earth used to fill the excavation around a foundation
QUIZ - 5 Courts have been reluctant to allow parties to recover in negligence for purely economic loss where there is no contractual privity between the parties. What is this limitation on negligence actions called?
Economic Loss Rule
Stakeholders
Employees Line Managers Executives Government Community
States delegate power to local governments is called?
Enabling Legislation
Digital signatures
Encrypted message components that can be mathematically proven as authentic
EJCDC Documents
Engineer based construction document template for project execution
What is the name of the weekly magazine dedicated solely to the construction industry?
Engineering News Record (ENR)
Project Manager
Ensures profitability
General Contractor
Entity that Provides the labor, equipment, materials, and expertise to complete a project
Identify at least three characteristics that make the construction project unique from other industry sector projects.
Every construction project is a one-of-a-kind facility. They are in and of themselves the prototype and the finished project. o The workforce consists of primarily transient practitioners of various trades coming in and out of the project at various stages. The work is done by human hands. o Materials are nature made and react to hot, cold and humidity on a daily basis.
The primary communicative component of the claim document is the written discussion of the applicable legal principles
False
The special conditions of the contract outlines the rules of the project including the rights responsibility and authority
False
Property Lines
Extra-heavy lines made up of long dashes alternating with 2 short dashes. The length and bearing (direction) of each line is identified on the site plan in a set of Civil Engineering prints.
Total Compensation
Extrinsic + Intrinsic
Individual protection in 8 categories
Eye and face protection, head protection, hand protection, foot protection, respiratory protection, protection from falls, hearing protection, body protection
Q11 - Direct acceleration occurs when the owner refuses to grant the contractor a time extension in the event of owner-caused or other excusable delays
F
QUIZ 6 - "Pay-when-paid" and "pay-if-paid" clauses place the risk of nonpayment for the work on the general contractor
FALSE
QUIZ 6- When standard forms such as ConsensusDocs or the AIA are used, they cannot be modified for specific project requirements
FALSE
QUIZ 6- A "flow-down" clause ties the subcontractor to the owner in the same manner in which the prime is tied/bound to the A/E.
FALSE
Sistered rafter
Face nailing two rafters together to form a "beam" at the edge of a roof opening exceed the standard rafter spacing.
Sistered joist
Face nailing two rafters together to form a "beam" at the edge of a roof opening exceeding the standard rater spacing
The jury decides the questions of ____________
Fact
Common causes of accidents
Failure to correct and tell others, using tools in a manner not intended, removing safety guards, using a ladder in an unsafe manner, leaving exposed electrical
A constructive change arising in connection with defective plans and specs has its basis in the Severin doctrine
False
A contractor may be able to retract its bid when equitable criteria are met but CAN NOT recover its bid deposit
False
A good lawsuit beats a poor settlement
False
A private owner is bound by statute to operate under the "lowest responsible, responsive bidder"
False
Acts of god entitle the contractor to an extension of the contract performance time and contract price adjustment.
False
After an offer is accepted it can still be withdrawn because it is not a contract.
False
Comprehensive and careful claim preparation leads to a lengthy litigation process with guaranteed success.
False
Contractor should be given a more positive past performance evaluation because they refrained from filing protests or claims or agreed to use ADR
False
Critical portions of the project consist of activities for which the schedule provides additional time (float) beyond the predicted time of performance
False
Delays resulting from all strikes and labor disturbances generally constitute non-compensable excusable delays
False
Early analysis of damages CANNOT help determine whether a claim really exists and the best means of preparing and positioning the claim for the affirmative recovery sought.
False
Engineer-procure-construct delivery system is common for residential and industrial construction
False
Following United States v.Spearin, the contractor CAN be held liable for results of defective, inaccurate or incomplete drawings and specifications
False
If a tort was not committed intentionally, it is most likely a case of negligence
False
If is far easier and less expensive to resolve problems in the courtroom, than in the field.
False
Implied contract obligations are clearly spelled out in the contract Answers: True False
False
In CM at risk, the owner contracts directly with several specialty or trade contractors who would otherwise be first tier subcontractors under the traditional system
False
In the design-build delivery system, the DB firm is liable only for the design deficiencies
False
Masonry Wall Types
Figure 7-13 pg 120
Appeals Procedure
File a petition requesting a hearing before a board of appeals Board consists of 3-7 members Code specifies exact # of members and 30 professional qualifications 7 days to submit appeal from time of inspection (or 2 wks to 30 days) Board accepts or rejects and file nitce of denial or acceptance
Best and Final Offer (BAFO)
Final price/decision
Biases & Errors of Performance Appraisals
First Impression Contrast Error Central Tendency Leniency/ Strictness Halo Effect Similar-to-me effect Stereotyping & Discrimination
Protects people from the FBI/CIA
First ten Amendments
What protects people from the government?
First ten Amendments
Group Incentive Plans Advantages
Fits company structure Greater group cohesion
Contract
Formal agreement to provide resources and expertise for a stated price
A-Architectural Drawings
Floor plans, elevations, finishes, building sections and detail sections, door and window schedules, room finish schedules.
Snow Business Strategy
Focuses on: Prospector- New opportunity-3m Defender-Dominating a narrow product Analyzer-P+D Reactor
Foundation Plans, Basement Plans
For residential buildings, the _____ and _______ are usually included on the same drawing.
Contractor
For the ______ the specs define the scope of work to be performed by his or her own workforce and each subcontractor. Without them the bids might be difficult to compare
Business Strategy(Vertical)
Fundamental business decision that an organization has made in order to achieve its strategic objectives- business mission & value- products - organization structure Finance MKT MIS Production Strategy
Bid peddling
GC Takes pre-bid quote to non-low sub after award; asked to reduce cost
Delays
GC may delay the sub, but such delay will not result in an extension of time for the work of the sub unless the owner grants a similar extension to the GC -GC assumes no liability for delays and the sub is not to expect compensation for a delay unless such comp is granted by the owner
By what specific measurement is construction used as an economic indicator for the U.S. economy?
Housing starts are measured by building permits issued and are a major indicator reflecting the overall health and direction of the economy
Bid shopping
GC reveals pre-bid values to competing subs to drive down cost
bid shopping
GC takes pre-bid quote to non-low sub after award; asks to reduce cost
Express Warranty
GC to warranty workmanship and materials. Clearly stated either verbally or written Contractor to be required to guarantee the sufficiency of the work for a stated period of time. warranty period typically begins at substantial completion but could begin after final acceptance by owner. contractor should be aware of the warranty period of products from subs and suppliers.
Floor blocking
Generally full depth material (as the joist system) and is used to prevent the joists from rolling or twisting as they dry over time. Add structural stiffness to the floor.
What is the production process of float glass?
Glass floats through molten process, is heated in liquid metal, then cooled all while on rollers.
Double-Strength
Glass is 1/8 inch thick
Management Section
Goal = Convince the customer that the contractor can do the proposed work and achieve the intended deadlines 1. Description of major tasks, 2. Deliverables 3. Project Schedule 4. Project organization. 5. Related Experience. 6. Equipment and Facilities
Cost Section
Goal = Convince the customer that the contractor's price for the proposed project is realistic and reasonable. 1. Labor 2. Materials 3. Equipment 4. Facilities 5. Subcontractors and consultants. 6. Travel 7. Documentations 8. Overhead 9. Escalation 10. Reserve 11. Profit
Technical Section
Goal = convince the customer that the contractor understands the need or problem and can provide the least risky and most beneficial solution. 1. Understanding of the need, 2.Proposed approach or solution(4 parts) 3. Benefits to the customer.
ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act)
Government requirements for access and use of public facilities. (Rules governing access)
What forces move water through cladding?
Gravity, momentum, surface tension, capillary action, wind current.
Occupational Characteristics
Group of jobs that share similar objectives, products & worker characteristics
GMP
Guaranteed maximum cost of project
What is the result called in a CRIMINAL case?
Guilty/Not Guilty
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International
Has standards identifying specification of materials and testing procedures,
What is a butt-joint?
Head and sill conventional frames where vertical mullion is illuminated. Vertical joints are calked.
H-Heating, Ventilating, & Air-Conditioning Drawings (HVAC)
Heating and cooling systems.
Advantages of Individual Incentive Plans
Help relate pay to performance Promotes equitable distribution of compensation Help retain top performers Compatible w/ America's indiv culture
incident response
Helps the organization detect incidents rapidly, minimize loss and destruction, identify weaknesses, and restore IT operations rapidly
Copper
High electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion.
Overhang
Horizontal measurement between the exterior face of the wall and the end of the rafter tail
Beam
Horizontal structural member
Transom
Horizontal structure member separating the top of a door and a window above it
patterned glass
Hot glass can be rolled into sheets with many different surface textures and patterns to obscure vision for privacy
steel reinforcing bars
Hot-rolled, deformed steel bars used to impart tensile strength and ductility to concrete or masonry structures; rebar.
Core Compensation
Hourly Wage Annual Salary
CISM
ISACA certification geared toward experienced information security managers and others who may have similar management responsibilities. Can assure executive management that a candidate has the required background knowledge needed for effective security management and consulting
QUIZ 5 - Which of the following is NOT true of the fair use doctrine?
IT APPLIES TO UNAUTHORIZED REPRODUCTION OF COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS
Local code development
Identify the problem Identify affected stakeholders form a task force draft the proposed code submit for legal review prior to adoption
OSHA 300
If you have 11 or mor employees you file for OSHA 300 (log work of related injuries). OSHA 300 you define the employee, describe the case, and classify the case. 300A (summary) you describe accident, list of objects or substances involved, nature of location. OHSA 301 (supporting document)
Quiz 8 - What doctrine relates to implied warranty?
Implied Warranty
Floor Plan
Important drawing that provides a great deal of info & acts as a reference for the location of additional sections, elevations, and details. Sectional view taken about 42'' to 48'' above the floor. Shows floor finishes, walls, doors, stairways, fireplaces, built-in cabinets, and mechanical equipment. Most people begin with this when reviewing prints. figure 1-5 pg 17
Encapsulating Security Payload
In IPSec, a protocol that provides secrecy for the contents of network communications as well as system-to-system authentication and data integrity verification
Application Header
In IPSec, a protocol that provides system-to-system authentication and data integrity verification, but does not provide secrecy for the content of a network communication
Certificate revocation list
In PKI, a published list of revoked or terminated digital certificates
Certificate authority
In PKI, a third party that manages users' digital certificates
Registration authority
In PKI, a third party that operates under the trusted collaboration of the certificate authority and handles day-to-day certification function
project manager
In charge of the whole project
carbon fiber reinforcing
In precast concrete, an open grid fabric of carbon fibers bonded with epoxy resin, used as a substitute for welded wire reinforcing
Architectural Prints
In residential construction, the ______ usually make up the majority of the set of working drawings. Show the materials and construction processes that define the structure and create the final space for the building.
What is a design-bid-build contract?
In this method, the owner contracts design professionals to prepare detailed design & contract document, these are used to recieve competitive bids from constractors -Design-bid-build scope of work: 1) preparation of complete detailed design & contract documents for tendering 2) receiving bids from contractors 3) award contract to successful bidder
Translucent Paper (vellum or polyester film)
In traditional (manual) drafting, the original drawing is normally made on _____.
Mechanical Drawings
Include heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) plans and plumbing plans. Sprinkler systems are also included. Schedules for pipe and fittings, HVAC equipment, and plumbing fixtures may be included.
Safety and Health Plans
Include managment commitment, hazard assesment and control, safety planning, rules, and work procedures, saftey and health training
Ciphertext
The encoded message resulting from an encryption
Keyspace
The entire range of values that can be used to construct an individual key
Post-bid bid shopping
Initiated by a GC who is awarded a contract the GC will contact a particular subcontractor and try to get the sub to lower the submitted bid or accept the reduced price offered by the GC any decrease in the subcontractors price will directly increase the GC's profit GC benefits
Shallow foundations
Installed using conventional excavation equipment, forming systems, reinforcement and concrete where site and soil conditions allow access and proper soil bearing conditions
What is the purpose of insulated glass?
Insulated glass is two sheets of glass separated by an air tight space. It reduces thermal transmission and cuts heat loss in half.
What are they 2 types of Third Party Beneficiaries?
Intended Third Party Beneficiaries → have rights Incidental Third Party Beneficiaries → no rights
Backcharges
Invoked if the sub fails to furnish sufficient workers on the project to maintain the project schedule or if the sub fails to keep the work area clean/promptly address punch list items -failure can cause GC to perform work and thereby require compensation from the sub -compensation can be in the form of reducing the amount that would otherwise be paid to the sub for other work performed -potential backcharge against subs account is a strong incentive for subs to perform work
Steel
Iron-based alloy with carbon content from 0.2% to 2.0%.
Project Scope
Is all the work that must be done in order to produce all the project deliverables(the tangible product or items to be provided) satisfy the customer that the deliverables meet the requirements and acceptance criteria and accomplish the project objective.
Efficiency Success of a Project
Is measured by assessing the use of the least costly resources to achieve the desired results indicated in the project plan.
Spot or column footing
Isolated footings poured to distribute the point load of a column evenly into the soil
Quiz 5 - Which of the following is NOT true of the fair use doctrine?
It applies to unauthorized reproduction of copyrighted material on construction projects.
Communicate ideas
It is important to have good sketching skills to _____.
Where and why is a vapor retarder used?
It is placed under the insulation and prevents transmission of water vapor.
What does R-Value mean?
It is the installation effectiveness of a product of a given thickness. Expressed at R-value per inch of material and the higher the number the more effective the material.
Building Codes
Laws and standards specifying requirements for building construction . They establish standard construction practices and materials and are enforced by local building officials to ensure that required standards are met. They impact all aspects of the building design and construction process.
What are the primary functions of cladding?
Keeping water out, preventing air leakage, controlling passing of light, controlling radiation of heat, controlling the conduction of heat, controlling sound.
DuPoints Stop
Key ingredients are positive intervention into the unsafe act and a method of tracking the occurrence.
Anchor bolt
L-shaped bolt used to connect lumber to the concrete
Project resources
Labor, equipment, and materials
What does LEED stand for, and what is its purpose?
Leadership in Engineering and Environmental Design - Its purpose is to evaluate environmental performance from a "whole building" perspective over a building's life cycle.
What is strict liability?
Liability without regard to fault
NFPA 101
Life Safety Code
Foundation
Lowest structural element of a building that provides a base to distribute the loads of the structure into the soil evenly
Rough-Sawn Lumber
Lumber that has been cut to size but not dressed or surfaced.
Surfaced Lumber
Lumber that has been dressed or finished to size by running it through a planner.
Concrete Brick
Made from a mixture of Portland cement and aggregates, molded into solid or cored units and hardened chemically by the hydration of cement.
Sand-Lime Brick
Made from a mixture of sand and lime, molded and hardened under steam pressure
Kiln-Burned Brick
Made from natural clays or shales and molded to shape, dried, and fired for hardness
Adobe Brick
Made from natural sun-dried clays or earth and a binder
Oriented Strand Board
Made of long shreds of wood compressed and glued in 3-5 layers
Contract
Made up of general and supplementary condtions
What is a PDCA cycle?
Mainly used for continuous process improvement Plan: objectives/methods (establish scope) Do: train/execute (develop design) Check: if methods were executed as set (review and compare) Act: with immediate remedies & future actions (implement commecnts
Assent - Writing sub-element makes affects what?
Makes land contracts unenforceable unless in writing and signed.
purchasing agent/expeditor
Manage the procurement process
Project agent/expediter
Manages the procurement process
Fiberboard
Manufactured from waste paper, wood pulp and fibers.
Negotiation
Many styles important that the point of disagreement be communicated to the opposing party or parties as soon as the matter has been identified as a topic that needs to be resolved when parties haven't formulated strong positions and will be more likely to try to resolve the matter and see the other parties point of view
Structural Framing Plans
May be included in a set of plans for the framing of the roof, floors, and various elevations or wall sections. These plans are required for more complex structures, but may be omitted for smaller, less- complicated buildings.
Subcontractor is Bound by the terms of the general contract...meaning??
Means the GC transfers liability to every sub by making them bound by the same contract they have. in addition to those in the subcontract good for the GC but not the Sub
Lintels
Members placed in masonry walls above door and window openings.
Be able to label parts of low slope roof.
Metal deck, insulating board, insulation anchor, membrane anchor, membrane lap splice joint, roofing membrane
Gage System
Metal materials less than 1/4'' in thickness (often called "sheet metal") are classified in the ______. Ranges from 4 (thickest) to 38 (thinnest). Figure 7-17 pg 125
Fast-track
Method of projects phasing that allows construction to begin before design is complete
CPM
Method of scheduling based on most important activities
Milestone
Method of scheduling based on the most important activities
5 Critical Success Factors
Monitoring, Coordination, Design, Training and Institutional Environment.
POSSIBLE SHORT ANSWER Latent Defects
More problematic concerns for contractors. defects that cannot be readily observed, even through intensive inspection. often only discovered through destructive testing (improperly installed flashing) since these defects are hard to identify at the time of project acceptance, the contractor is still responsible for latent defects after the owner has begun occupancy.
2.5 hours
Mortar has a life span that is limited to
Eighth Scale & Quarter Scale
Most commonly used scales used for floor plans.
AIA form A201
Most commonly used. Standard form of general conditions. Definitions of documents, rights and responsibilities of owner and contractor, procedures for claims and disputes all contained.
Computer-Aided Design and Drafting (CADD) Systems
Most drawings today are created using _____.
Quiz 5 - What are some of the legal theories under which the A/E can be held directly liable to contractors?
Negligence Intentional Tors 3rd Party Beneficiary theory
Chief Security Officer
Must be capable and knowledgeable in both information security requirements and the "guards, gates, and guns" approach to protecting the physical infrastructure, buildings, and grounds of a place of business. To qualify for this position, the candidate must demonstrate experience as a security manager and with planning, policy, and budgets
Code revisions
Must be reviewed and have change orders made to modify scope
Name the requirements of a fire door.
Must travel in the direction of egress, self-closing/latch, frames must be rated.
Glaziers
Name of workers who install the glass in the windows
Cup
Name this defect
Shortlisting
Narrowing the field of offers through the selection of the most qualified proposers on the basis of qualifications
NFPA 72
National Fire Alarm Code
Preparation of formal resolution
Nature of the legislation Location of legislation Authority of the community to adopt such code language Need of the community to adopt a new edition Authority of the community to enforce legislation Term limit or sunset provisions Proposed implementation date for code A cover letter is prepared and sent to the City manger for review
What is the Jury like in a CIVIL case?
Need not have 12 jurors. Decision need not be unanimous
Where and why would an expansion joint be required on a membrane roof?
Needed at building expansion joint where the membrane areas are very large.
What does the lack of due diligence or care refer to?
Negligence
Self-performed work
Non-contracted work, work that the general contractor completes themselves with their own force or labor
delays are delays for which the contractor is responsible.
Non-excusable
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Act. Started in 70's. Was used for all industries. Requires construction firms to create and implement a safety and health program.
Transverse section
Often referred to as a cross section, produced when the cutting plane is parallel to the short axis of the structure
What is a design-build contract?
One team for design and build -Owner consults one firm for designing and building of the project
Variance
One time modification, binding only for one particular circumstance; not automatically applied to others
Truss
Open Web structural member with non-parallel top and bottom chords; used to support roofs and floors
Bar joist
Open or closed Webbed structural member with non-parallel top and bottom chords; used to support roofs and floors
Commissioning
Operating and testing of facility, equipment, and systems
OD
Oven dried
Merit Pay Program
Pay for performance
Shop Drawings Required (8 to 10 copies)
Owner-file or inspection copy, Architect file copy, architect field or inspection copy, consulting engineer file copy, consulting engineer-inspection copy, contractor file and field copy, and supplier-original or one copy.
What is the role of the owner in the construction process?
Owners are the driving force of the construction industry
Owners Representitive
Owners daily representative. Owners prime contact for the owner's architect and contractor. Conducts business with the project managers and architects and is the ultimate decision maker.
ALL METHODS OF NEGOTIATION (5)
Partnering Mediation Arbitration Dispute Review Board Mini-Trials
POSSIBLE SHORT ANSWER Patent Defects
Patent- deficiencies that are clearly able to be observed or can be detected with a reasonably thorough investigation. can be identified without doing destructive work on a facility or its components. (large gap between bottom of door and threshold) should be rectified before a certificate of completion is issued once a project has been accepted, the contractor has no obligation to go back and correct patent defects.
Contract provisions critical for anticipating, avoiding, and resolving claims include___________
Payment Damages for delay Warranty and Insurance Changes in work
Turnkey
Payment for the project at completion of the project
Q12- It is essential to risk management and dispute avoidance to qualify____________
Project , key project parties, site and locale ( click all three)
What are some of the advantages of the DB delivery system?
Permits owner avoidance of problems associated w/ changes, claims, and disputes on the project. Provides owner with a single point of responsibility for potential delay and cost associated w/ design errors and omissions. Dealing with a single entity decreases owners' administrative burden and allows them to focus on the project rather than managing separate contracts. Allows fast-tracking of projects w/o the risk of cost and time impacts due to defective/untimely design.
Sample
Physical portion of the specified product. Examples would be confirm quality and aesthetic, shows brick color, mortar joint color, color and texture, quality level, and color samples two processes: color chart of available colors and large and actual sample.
Individual Incentive Plans
Piecework MGT Behavioral Referral Spot Bonuses
Keeps track of progress of schedule and budget on a field level As-built drawings & schedule Daily reports Documentation RFIs Change proposals Testing reports Safety procedures Payroll
Project Engineer
Demolition Plans
Plans that show existing walls, doors, and windows that are to be removed or changed. Figure 9-3 pg 158
Floor Finish Plans
Plans that show floor finishes and layouts in more complex designs.
Reflected Ceiling Plans
Plans that show items in the ceiling layout, such as structural members, light fixtures, and air supply registers,
Enlarged Plans
Plans that show more detail and info in complex areas such as stairways, bathrooms, entry lobbies, and kitchens.
Quiz 8 - Contracts frequently contain broad exculpatory clauses disclaiming liability for the accuracy of ____________________
Plans,specs,soil borings,subsurface data
Vapor barrier
Plastic sheets placed either inside or outside the insulation depending on the climate to protect the insulation and building from excessive moisture
This framing method consists of individual studs that are only one story high. The sub floor at the first level is completed soon after laying the floor joist.
Platform framing
C-Civil Drawings
Plot or site plans, site grading, landscape layout, & details. Show utilities, easements, grading, and landscaping. includes contour lines, walks, driveways, property lines, building setbacks, and utility locations. Figure 1-3 pg 15
M-Mechanical Drawings
Plumbing, heating, ventilation, & cooling systems.
Shear panel
Plywood, a.k.a a braced wall panel, used to resist the wall's tendency to twist or rack, which is caused by wind or seismic forces
Lack of quality in construction can result in:
Poor or unsafe work, unsafe structure, delays, cost over-runs, disputes construction contracts
Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU)
Popular and widely used building material formed from Portland cement, sand, and gravel.
E-Electrical Drawings
Power and lighting systems.
Incentive Pay Characteristics
Pre-established formula Adding a base pay non-reoccuring Controlling Cost Employee motivation (w/specific/goal setting)
GC-Subcontractor relationship
Preferred by owners to assure that one party assumes the overall responsibility for project completion subs have contracts with GC's not the owner GC establish relationship with the sub making them an independent contractor Subcontractors are contractually bound to answer to the GC but also must perform their work to the satisfaction of an owner
Engineering Copier Figure 1-11 pg 22
Prints are typically made from original drawings using an ____.
Retempering
Process of restoring workability to a mortar that has begun to stiffen by adding water and remixing
tempered glass
Produced by cutting annealed glass to required size, reheating and then cooling rapidly. Higher strength and breaks into small shards
What is meant by the term project delivery?
Project delivery is the means by which the construction will take place. o The process by which all the procedures and components of designing and building a facility are organized and put together in an agreement that results in a completed project.
Project superintendent
Project team member most directly in charge of coordinating and directing project resources
It is essential to risk management and dispute avoidance to qualify____________
Project, Key Project Participants, Site and Locale
What is the Remedy for breach of Promissory Estoppel?
Promise is enforced (even though no acceptance/agreement) to the extent necessary to avoid an injustice
Drennan sued star paving under what theory
Promissory estoppel
Disadvantages of Individual Incentive Plans
Promote inflexibility Promote undesirable behaviors Factors maybe beyond employee control & affect outcomes
Quality in construction is achieved by:
Proper control at every stage of excecuation and installation of works
Chapter 3
Proposal Submission and follow - up
Chapter 3
Proposals in response to RFP's for very large technical projects can be multi-volume documents that include engineering drawings and hundreds of pages of text.
How do you prove breach of contract?
Prove: 1. Contract 2. Performance 3. Breached 4. Damages
Courtroom behavior
Provide evidence follow-up inspection occurred Review all files and notes with prosecution Resist attempts to modify testimony Wear proper dress Confine testimony to facts Remain impartial Provide only information necessary to answer Make responses brief as possible If unable to answer, say so Answer factually and truthfully Anticipate personal attacks Never become argumentatice on stand
Drawings
Provide quantitative information
Uninterruptible Power Supply
Provides alternative power, usually via battery power, to ensure systems properly shut down or are transferred to a generator following a power outage
Project Manual
Provides qualittative information. Includes invitation or advertisement to bid, request for proposal, instruction to bidders, bid forms, general conditions of the contract, supplementary conditions, site plans and floor plans, and the divisions
Hash algorithm
Public functions that create a value that cannot be decrypted, also known as a message digest, by converting variable-length messages into a single fixed-length value
U-utility Site Plan
Public or municipal electrical & plumbing supply lines, sometimes shown on civil drawings.
Why is open bidding required on public projects?
Public projects use public funds which require that certain regulations be followed.
Digital certificates
Public-key container files that allow PKI system components and end users to validate a public key and identify its owner
The close-out process
Punch list, substantial completiton, point when architect has found building acceptable for owner use and occupancy
purpose of criminal case
Punish
Non-bearing walls
Wall, a.k.a. partition, that serves no structural purpose
Procurement
Purchasing materials and equipment
Arrowheads
Purpose of this is to define the distances between points (extension lines) on the drawing. Figure 4-3 pg67
According to Oberlender quality in construction
Quality in construction is achieved by: 1) people who take pride in their work 2) people w/ necessary skills/experience to do the work
What is Deming's definition of quality?
Quality should be designed into both product and process
Quality Performance Management System focuses on (QPMS):
REDUCING THE COST in 4 ways: 1) it provides a process that facilitates awareness of individual and group quality performance (how well we do things right) by measuring these cost in dollars 2) it aims managers with info on quality cost/activities that enable proactive decisions 3) it provides a data base for estimating quality performance on future projects 4) if/when widely accepted, the data should provide a benchmark inf throughout the industry
Request for proposals
RFP) A solicitation document, written by the owner requesting pricing and a technical solution for design and/or construction services
To be turned over to the Owner upon completion of the project Reflects work that either deviates from the original contract drawings or were indiscernible prior to construction Depths and routing of electrical conduit Locations of in-wall piping
Record (As-Built) Drawings
General Tactical HR Decisions
Recruitment Selection Performance Appraisal Compensation Training
What is Substantial completion
Refers to a stage of construction project or portion, that is sufficiently complete, in accordance with the contract documents -owner may use or occupy the building project or designated portion -a punch list is developed that describes the minor items of work that remain to be done
Law passed by US IRS (Admin. Agencies, pres., Gov.)
Regulations
Project submittal two pakages
Reinforcing steel shop drawings are usually two packages
Compression, Tension, & Bending. Impact Resistance
Relative to its weight, wood has high strength in _____,_____,&______. Also has excellent _______.
Details
Required for complex building components and unusual construction, such as an arch, a cornice, a structural steel connection, or a retaining wall. Drawn to a large scale to describe the building components and features. figure 1-8 pg 19
What are the five primary sectors of the construction industry?
Residential, commercial, heavy civil, industrial, environmental
What are the secondary functions of cladding?
Resisting wind forces, controlling water vapor, adjusting to movement, resist fire, weather gracefully.
Building Paper
Waterproofed paper used to prevent the passage of air and water into a structure
Customer Satisfaction
Responsibility of the project manager to insure the customer is happyh
Designer
Responsibl for occupancy and products being installed properly
The Owner
Responsible for paying the work contracted to the architect and the contractor. Also provides the site for the project and whatever the architect needs.
Construction Employer
Responsible for providing a safe work environment
What terminates an offer?
Revocation and Rejection
Seniority & Longevity Pay Theory
Rewards employees w/ permanent additions to base pay Seniors have more human capital than juniors b/c developed over time
PCC pavement
Rigid pavement; concrete
iron ore
Rock or mineral from which iron can be removed
What are the main purposes of a roofing system?
Roofing systems have two purposes. They prevent water intrusion and move water to "safe" locations (to draining system). They are also used as an insulating system and moderate energy throughout system.
EPDM
Rubber membrane roofing system
Jack rafter
Runs from a hip or valley rafter to the wall top plates. These vary in length and run perpendicular to the top plates, diagonal to the hip or valley rafter and parallel to the common rafter.
SSD
Saturated Surface Dry
Group Incentive Plans
Scanlon Rucke Improshare
Subcontract agreement clauses
Schedule requirements, quality control and inspections, acceptability of subcontractor
Why is scope definition so important in the construction process?
Scope definition gives us the target to shoot for. The ultimate goal is end-user satisfaction and without proper scope we would be unable to determine the space, materials, and design the user desires.
The second element
creat employee awarness of drug and alcohol abuse and establish a prevention program
Longitudinal Sections
Sections taken through long dimension.
Transverse Sections
Sections taken through the narrow width of an entire building.
Detailed sections
Sections, also known as details, provided to clarify small areas such as the intersection of the floor system to a wall.
State legislature has which two bodies?
Senate and Assembly
Federal Congress has which two bodies?
Senate and House of Representatives
Specific Tactical HR Decisions
Seniority Merit Incentive Pay for Knowledge Skill Based Broad-Banding Two Tier Discretionary Benefits Options
AIA A201 Document
Sets forth the responsibilities of the owner, contractor, and architect during construction owner- shall designate in writing a representative who has authority to bind the owner with respect to all matters requiring the owners approval. shall give to the contractor within 15 days after written request, information necessary and relevant for the contractor to evaluate, give notice of mechanic liens, owner provide evidence that they have obtained financial arrangements. owner shall furnish surveys of physical characteristics, legal limitations and utility locations of site, provide one copy of contract documents. owner is solely responsible for any loss or damage arising from owner-required means contractor- shall perform work in accordance with contract documents, shall promptly report to the architect any errors discovered as a request for information, contractor will supervise and direct the work. solely responsible for construction means, methods, techniques, architect- will provide administration of the contract as in the contract documents, will visit the site at intervals appropriate to the stage of construction, will keep the owner informed of the progress and quality of project.
Welded Wire Fabric (WWF)
Sheets of wire mesh used for reinforcement. It is a prefabricated material used to reinforce concrete slabs, floors, and pipe. Consists of a mesh of steel wires welded together. figure 7-7 pg 116
Provide detailed information about the construction of a specific scope of work Structural Steel Cabinetry Fire protection Equipment Require submission by Ktr and approval by A/E and sometimes Owner Time sensitive - Fab follows approval
Shop Drawings
high strength low alloy steel
Steels with alloy additions that strengthen w/o need for customer heat treatment. Grade numbers indicate minimum yield strength in ksi. Produced in mini mills
Electrical Drawings
Shows the electrical wiring, fixtures, & devices. Includes the lighting plan, reflected ceiling plan, and panel schedules. On larger projects, riser diagrams and load calculations may also be included. For smaller jobs and residential projects, this may appear on the architectural floor plan.
Foundation Plan
Shows the foundation for the building. Shows walls, slabs, piers, and footings. Basement is also shown.
Plumbing Plan
Shows the heating and circulating equipment, supply and waste systems, plumbing fixtures, and location where water pipes enter the building.
Plumbing Plans
Shows the layout for the hot and cold water system, the sewage disposal system, and the location of plumbing fixtures. For typical residential projects, this is typically shown on one drawing, and plumbing fixtures are often shown on the architectural floor plan. For more complex structures, separate plans for each system are used.
Framing Plan
Shows the layout of the structural members supporting a floor or roof. Often included for each floor. If there is room detail drawings of the connection between two members may be included.
What is the 6th element of a contract?
Signature/Statute of Frauds
3 CA Trial Courts
Small Claims Limited Liability Superior
Legally Required Employee Benefits
Social Security Act Health Insurance Worker's Comp Family Medical Leave
Engineered Fill
Soil mixture designed, placed and compacted so that it has predictable physical properties
shrinkage-compensating cement
Specially formulated cement, used to counteract the drying shrinkage that normally occurs during curing.
Specific Terms
Specific Items Specific Price
Ashlar Stones
Squared stones that have been laid in pattern but not cut to dimensions. Has several types: Regular, Stacked, Broken Range, Random Range and Random Ashlar. pg 121.
NFPA 704
Standard System for the Identification of the Hazards of Materials for Emergency Response
NFPA 1031
Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Inspector and Plan Examiner
NFPA 241
Standard for Safeguarding Construction, Alteration and Demolition Operations
NFPA 25
Standard for the Inspection, Testing, and Maintenance of Water-based Fire Protection Systems
NFPA 13
Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems
NFPA 14
Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and Hose Systems
Footings
The "feet" on which the entire building rests.
smoke barriers and partitions
creates an area of refugee without needing to exit
Importance of standards according to ISO are... (International Organization for Standards)
Standards make an enormous contribution to our lives by ensuring desirable characteristics of products or services, such as: quality environmental fitness, safety, reliability, efficiency and interchangeability at a reasonable cost
self-tapping
creates its own screw threads on the inside of the hole
Hip rafter
creates the hip of a roof line and runs from the wall top plates to the ridge beam at a diagonal to each
In_____________,the parties engage in an abbreviated trial before a judge and a mock jury.
Summary Jury Trials
Directs, supervises, and coordinates the day-to-day operations on-site Subcontractor interface Material receiving & storage Equipment scheduling & maintenance Safety Recording & reporting
Superintendent
Formal Interpretation (modification requests)
Superior inspection bureau officer Staff fire protection engineer Fire Marshal Code Official Contract fire protection consultant Local board of appeals
What are the performance requirements of a roof deck?
Support roof load, resist uplift, sloped for drainage, allows expansion & contraction, smooth/clean surface, dry prior to membrane placement.
ASTM Building Construction Standards
Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings Methods for Fire Test of Building Construction
Q11 - A contractor may be damaged if there is a breach of contract by the owner that prevents the contractor from performing the contract
T
Q11 - Many courts limit tort damages to cases involving either personal injury or property damages, and deny recovery for purely economic loss
T
Q11 - Punitive damages are not recoverable in a breach of contract case absent of proof of fraud or malicious intent
T
Q11 - The claimant assumes a greater burden of proof when seeking consequential damages as opposed to direct damages
T
Q11 - To prosecute a claim successfully, a claimant must establish liability of the other party and the amount of damage and prove that the damage was caused by the acts giving rise to liability
T
Q11- A contractor generally is entitled to recover field overhead costs on changes that extend the time of contract performance
T
In order to find that a bidder is not responsible, what must the public agency establish?
THE FACTS ON WHICH THE DECISION WAS BASED, • DETAILS OF THE INVESTIGATION THAT DISCLOSED THESE FACTS, AND • THE OPPORTUNITY THAT WAS OFFERED TO THE BIDDER TO PRESENT ITS QUALIFICATIONS
QUIZ - Courts typically will not consider initial referral of a claim to the A/E to be a condition precedent to arbitration or litigation unless the contract clearly states that requirement
TRUE
QUIZ 5 - How much control and authority the design professional has over a particular project will determine its role and the breadth of his influence and potential liability
TRUE
QUIZ 5 - If the A/E has the actual authority to approve work if they conform to specs, s/he has the implied authority to reject defective work
TRUE
QUIZ 5 - Many construction disputes have their origin in real or perceived design problems
TRUE
QUIZ 5 - The deliberate or negligent misuse of A/E's powers as arbitrator may excuse a party's disregard of A/E's decision
TRUE
QUIZ 5 - The responsibility that accompanies the authority to interpret the plans and specs exposes design professionals to liability to owners for negligent interpretation of plans and specs
TRUE
QUIZ 6 - Double-breasted contractor gives contractor advantage of being able to operate without a union, while continuing the operations of a union company when and where it is desirable.
TRUE
QUIZ 6 - If one party terminates the other party for convenience, the terminated party has the right to an equitable adjustment that will return the party to its precontract condition.
TRUE
QUIZ 6 - Successful project performance depends on the legal & business relationship among prime contractor, subcontractor and suppliers.
TRUE
QUIZ 6 - In the event of improper termination, the subcontractor may still recover as damages the profit it would have received if allowed to complete the work
TRUE
QUIZ 6 - It is generally desirable for the prime contractor to tie the subcontractor to the same remedies and disputes process that binds the prime contractor and the owner.
TRUE
QUIZ 6- The general contractor should be sure to include language in the prime contract that exempts the general contractor from the responsibilities of work stoppage as a result of labor strike.
TRUE
QUIZ 5 - Courts are reluctant to recognize that a design professional has the final binding power to resolve disputes unless the contract clearly and unambiguously assigns that power.
TRUE?*
QUIZ 5 - During the course of the project, the conduct of the design professional and the owner may lead them to depart from the written terms of the contract, hence modifying the responsibilities and authority of the A/E.
TRUE?*
Security technicians
Technically qualified employees who are tasked to configure firewalls, deploy IDPSs, implement security software, diagnose and troubleshoot problems, and coordinate with systems and network administrators to ensure that an organization's security technology is properly implemented
How does a "guide to the project management body of a knowledge" define of a project?
Temporary endeavor to create a unique product or service with definite beginning and end dates
Falsework
Temporary structure built above grade to provid a working platform for the form, men and materials when building elevated concrete structures
Rock Anchor
Tendon anchored in rock for the purpose of tying it together
Square
Term used to describe an area of roofing that covers 100 square feet
Some benefits of organizarions with ISO 9000 & ISO 14000 certification are...
The ISO consist of 157 countries -Largest developer and publisher of international standards (over 16,500)
Plans, organizes, directs, and controls the field and contract work Time & Money Budgets Schedules Communication Shop drawings Request for information Change orders Executive Principal liaison between the Owner & Contractor and is the primary point of contact Should be empowered to have executive influence Often has control over multiple projects
The Project Manager
civil, mechanical, & electrical engineers
The ______ use specs to define quality and industry standards, provide schedules for equipment, and define intricate portions of the project that may be difficult to illustrate on the drawings.
Architect
The ______ would use specs to to define materials, processes, quality standards, industry standards, installation procedures, who is responsible for what portion of work, and anything that cannot be illustrated on the drawings.
MasterFormat Standard
The _______ is made up of a system of numbered divisions and numbered sections within each division. Currently includes 50 divisions and uses a 6-digit numbering system to organize info. Study TYK on pg 103.
Superstructure
The above ground portion of a building
Work factor
The amount of effort (usually in hours) required to perform cryptanalysis to decode an encrypted message when the key, the algorithm, or both are unknown
Notice to proceed
The owner authorizes the contractor to begin work on a project on a particular day or as soon as possible. This notice is linked to the duration of the project.
What is a construction manager contract?
The owner contracts a construction management firm to coordinate the project and to provide construction management services
What are the three categories of legal liability
criminal civil disciplinary
filed by a defendent to seek affirmative relief
cross complaint
Vulnerability assessment
The process of identifying and documenting specific and provable flaws in the organization's information asset environment
Cryptography
The process of making and using codes to secure the transmission of information
Schedules
The lists of materials needed in the construction process. Normally lists the item, an id mark, size, number required, and other useful info. Each item on this is referenced on the plan and elevation drawings. Also used for showing the materials required in each room of the building. Usually included as a part of a set of working drawings. On larger projects, this is listed on its own sheet. figure 1-9 and 1-10 pg 15
soil
The loose, weathered material on Earth's surface in which plants can grow. contains air, water, or organic material
Cryptanalysis
The process of obtaining the plaintext message from a ciphertext message without knowing the keys used to perform the encryption
Digital forensics
The application of forensics techniques and methodologies to the preservation, identification, extraction, documentation, and interpretation of digital media for evidentiary and/or root-cause analysis
Masonry veneer construction
The application of thin (3/4" to 4" thick) masonry such as stone or brick to the exterior of the structure.
AES
The current federal standard for the encryption of data, as specified by NIST. It is based on the Rijndael algorithm, which was developed by Vincent Rijmen and Joan Daemen
Cost - Reimbursement Contracts
The customer agrees to pay the contractor for all actual costs, regardless of amount, plus some agreed-upon profit. High risk
Chain of custody
The detailed documentation of the collection, storage, transfer, and ownership of evidence from the crime scene through its presentation in court
Chapter 3
The first impression you make on a client is pivotal to developing a continuing and fruitful relationship.
Print Reading
The gathering of information from prints or a set of drawings. Involves two principal elements: visualization & interpretation.
Steganography
The hiding of messages—for example, within the digital encoding of a picture or graphic
Grading
The moving of soil to affect the elevation of land at a construction site.
What is the name of the official document that the owner uses to notify the contractor to start construction?
The notice to proceed informs the contractor of when to start construction.
Plaintext
The original unencrypted message, or a message that has been successfully decrypted
define the quality of work for the construction
The owner would use specs to _____.
Price Proposal
The part of a design-build proposal that stipulates the price at which the design-builder will provide the design and construction services necessary to complete the project.
Technical proposal
The part of the design-build proposal that contains the conceptual design for the project. It may also include information regarding schedule, team makeup, or overall management plan for the project.
Separation of duties
The principle that the completion of a significant task involving sensitive information requires at least two people
Toe Nailing
The process of fastening two pieces of lumber by driving nails at an angle is known as
Physical security
The protection of physical items, objects, or areas from unauthorized access and misuse
Pitch
The ratio between the horizontal run and the vertical rise of the roof
Need to know
The requirement that an employee only has access to information necessary for performing his or her own work
Job rotation
The requirement that every employee be able to perform the work of another employee.
Architectural Programming
The research and decision-making process, initiated by the owner, usually with the help of an architect or other programming specialist, that identifies the basic needs of the client and the parameters of the project to be designed and ultimately built by a construction professional
Auditing
The review of a system's use to determine if misuse or malfeasance has occurred
Cryptology
The science of encryption, which encompasses cryptography and cryptanalysis
Name the two primary selection criteria categories considered when using the best-value method.
The two primary selection categories are price (quantitative) and technical aspects (qualitative).
Coleman vs North American Aviation
Theory 1 - Trail Court Coleman Won under theory one, Supreme Coleman Won.
What is the Remedy for breach of contract?
Theory of law is to award expectation damages - to put the injured person in the place he would have been if there had been no breach
What must one prove in order to successfully bring a claim for negligence?
There was a duty or obligation to conform to standards of conduct
List the four glasses with changing properties?
Thermochromic (dark when warmed), Photochromic (dark when exposed to light, Electrochromic (changes transparency with electricity), Photovoltaic (generates electricity from sunlight).
Section Lines
Thin line drawn in a section view, typically at a 45 degree angle.
Centerlines
Thin lines used to indicate centers of objects such as columns, fixtures, equipment, and openings. Also indicates finished floor lines. Composed of alternating long and short dashes.
Quiz 7 Many contracts will allow design professionals to order minor changes that do not effect price.
True
Quiz 7 - In the event of a cardinal change, the contractor can disregard the contractual agreement and seek compensation for the provided services and material
True
Name the four primary project values to be managed, monitored, and controlled.
Time, Safety, Quality, Cost
25.4
To convert inches to millimeters, multiply by ____. To convert millimeters to inches, divide by _____.
Quiz 7 - Obtaining a written change order before performing any change order is always desirable, since it protects both owner and contractor
True
Strategic implications of TQM include:
Total quality management (TQM) focuses on participating management and strong operational accountability at the individual contributor level -According to Construction Industry Institute (CII), TQM is often referred to as a journey not a destination 1) survival in an increasingly competitive world 2) better service to the customer 3) enhancement of organizations "shareholder value" 4) improvement of overall quality & safety of our facilities 5) reduced project durations and costs 6) better utilization of talents of their people
What are the elements of Total Quality Management (TQM)
Total: organization wide Quality: costumer satisfaction Management: systems of managing (management)
Design Bid Build
Traditional project delivery system. Three primary parties: owner, Architect, and contractor. The owner and the architect create a form for applicable studies, design, production of construction documents, and administration of the construction documents, and the administration of the construction process at the beginning of the project. American Institute of Architects (AIA) agreement between owner and architect is Form B-141. The owner and the contractor create a contract based on the construction documents. No direct relationship between architect and contractor. The indirect relationship exists as the architect is acting as the agent for the owner at the beginning of the construction process. The architect is responsible for sub-consultants and contractor is responsible for subcontractors. Architect and contractor have an indirect relationship while they both have direct relationships with the owner.
Litigation
Trial based process of issue resolution
Fascia
Trim board placed at the end of the rafters or truss tails and usually perpendicular to the building.
A "time is of the essence" clause makes time a material requirement of a contractor's obligation and ensures that the owner can recover delay damages for missed milestone or completion dates
True
A contract can be simply defined as a set of promises that a party makes to another and vice versa
True
A meeting of minds is normally expressed by the parties to a contract in the offer originally made by one, which then is accepted by other.
True
Because delays are a frequent subject in construction claims, scheduling analysts and experts can be invaluable in claim resolutions.
True
Construction projects have traditionally been designed, bid, built, and paid for within a framework of defined roles, relationship and procedures Answers: True False
True
Contemporaneous records engender integrity and trustworthiness essential to persuading a judge, jury, or arbitrators
True
Contract law reflects common law of contracts as set forth in court decisions and statutory law governing the terms of certain transactions Answers: True False
True
Contracts and tort bodies of law reflect, rather than dictate, the customs, values, and expectation of society's members
True
Demonstrative evidence can clarify the oral testimony or documentary narrative
True
Development of a checklist approach to qualifying the potential participants in a project can help identify situations with an unacceptable level of potential risk
True
During the design development phase, the design professional usually acts as an independent contractor
True
EPC is a project delivery method where a single entity executes both engineering and construction services.
True
Electronic communications using computer technology supplements the traditional medium for project documentation.
True
Establishing the contract framework for the project is a threshold decision that must be made by the owner
True
For a contract to be valid, the contracting parties must have the competency required to make valid and enforceable contracts
True
Good scheduling analysis and project documentation are critical to successful presentation of any delay claim.
True
If a contractor knows that they are involved in very dangerous activity and has voluntarily engaged in it or permitted it, then that contractor accepts that it will be liable for the resulting damage even if it had taken all the reasonable precaution, was not negligent, or was not at fault from a moral standpoint. Answers: True False
True
If the GC has established all the elements of an action based on promissory estoppels, the measure of damages it may receive from sub or supplier will be the difference between the price at which the original sub bid the work and the price the GC had to pay to obtain a replacement sub
True
If the parties' conduct or the circumstances suggests they had an agreement or understanding that created an obligation, then the law will find that they had an implied in-fact contract.
True
In 1998, Ohio enacted a statute that declares exculpatory clauses unenforceable as a matter of public policy when the delay is caused by either the owner or the contractor's acts or failure to act.
True
In agency construction management, the CM takes no entrepreneurial risk for cost, timeliness, or quality of construction, and all subcontractors contract directly with the owner. Answers: True False
True
In the absence of express termination, there are implied rights to terminate a contract and sue for the damages for material breach of contract
True
Most bid bonds must be accepted within the prescribed period of time stated in the instructions to the bidders
True
Most contracts require the contractor to notify owner, within a definite period of time after the delay causing event, of its intention to file a claim for time extension or additional compensation
True
Most standard forms of construction contracts require the contractor to notify owner in writing within a certain time period if he/she intends to file a claim for work to be considered beyond contract requirements
True
Pricing the claim and supporting such calculations is every bit as important as establishing liability for the claim.
True
Program management is employed when the owner requires multiple projects to be constructed within a time period
True
Project documentation creates an accessible history of the project that helps in resolving claims and disputes
True
Q10 - A payment bond helps assure the owner that labor and materials will be paid for.
True
Q10 - Prudent estimating and bidding can avoid a host of performance problems and claims
True
Q10 - Prudent participants in the construction process strive to identify and manage risks and seek to avoid disputes by implementing proven management techniques
True
Q10- Parties must grapple with tough issues raised by their conflicting interests in contract-preparation stage or face the prospects of much more serious disagreements and disputes during contract performance
True
Q10- Establishing the contract framework for the project is a threshold decision that must be made by the owner
True
Q12 - Prudent estimating and bidding can avoid a host of performance problems and claims
True
Q12- Electronic communications using computer technology supplements the traditional medium for project documentation
True
Q12- A claimant can only recover the amount of damages that it can prove with reasonable certainty
True
Q12- Parties must grapple with tough issues raised by their conflicting interests in contract-preparation stage or face the prospects of much more serious disagreements and disputes during contract performance
True
Q9-An acceleration occurs when the owner requires the contractor to complete work by a date earlier than contract completion date
True
Quiz - 5 The design professional has the implied contract obligation to cooperate with the other party's performance. This obligation includes reviewing and approving submittals within a reasonable time
True
Quiz 5 Courts typically will not consider initial referral of a claim to the A/E to be a condition precedent to arbitration or litigation unless the contract clearly states that requirement
True
Quiz 5 - The design professional generally reviews and approves data submitted by the contractor, such as samples, shop drawings, product data, and schedules
True
Quiz 5 - In a case where the A/Es authority and responsibility have been modified by the parties' conduct, the limits of the A/Es jobsite authority is governed by application of the common law agency principles of actual, implied, or apparent authority
True
Quiz 5- Courts can and do impose liability on A/E for approving submittals that deviate from the specifications
True
Quiz 5- During the course of the project, the conduct of the design professional and the owner may lead them to depart from the written terms of the contract, hence modifying the responsibilities and authority of the A/E.
True
Quiz 6 - A prime contractor that has relied on subcontractor's telephone bid may be entitled to enforce that bid even though the parties have not signed an agreement.
True
Quiz 6 - Contractor must realize that the responsibility of coordinating the subs' efforts will usually fall on the contractor that has divided the work.
True
Quiz 6 - Refusal to execute a subcontract agreement following a letter of intent or a telephone bid may itself constitute a breach.
True
Quiz 6 - A collection of uncoordinated provisions from various forms of subcontracts can result in substantial unanticipated problems for both parties
True
Quiz 7 - A contractor concerned about indirect impacts of multiple changes on a job should consider adding a clause to proposed change orders stating that the change order covers only the direct cost of the changed work and that the contractor reserves all rights to claim impact costs later
True
Quiz 7 - When a contract clause can have two or more interpretations, it will be construed against the author since it had the discretion or control in describing the agreement
True
Quiz 7 - There are cases where a notice-for-delay is not absolutely necessary for a contractor to establish a claim for constructive acceleration.
True
Quiz 8 - Differing site conditions clauses alleviate some of the risks associated with unexpected site conditions.
True
Quiz 8 - Emphasis in Type I changed condition situation is on those conditions that are indicated in the contract
True
Quiz 8 - Misrepresentation by owner may allow contractor to recover extra costs incurred because actual conditions encountered were not as they were represented
True
Quiz 8- Even for experienced contractors, the bid contingency for differing site conditions may end up being totally inadequate or grossly inflated
True
Quiz 8- Under a design-bid-build contract, the contractor assumes risk of differing site conditions
True
Section 1091 of FASA provides that "past contract performance of the offeror is a relevant factor to be considered in awarding a contract."
True
The CM approach to project delivery is advised when the requirement to coordinate with external entities, like permitting agencies and utility companies, is high, making cost over-runs and construction schedule a pressing concern Answers: True False
True
The availability of arbitration must be planned and provided for at the outset of the project, preferably in the contract itself.
True
The general contractor may have the duty to notify the subcontractor that there may be an error in their bid if the circumstances are sufficient to suspect a possible error
True
The guiding principle in bid protests is quickness since most regulations require that such action must be taken within a few days
True
The key to success in negotiation is information.
True
The parties to a contract are bound to each other for a certain period of time by a unique and exclusive relationship that they have created for their mutual benefit.
True
The primary purpose of the bid bond is to guarantee the contractor that the owner will pay him for the work done
True
The specific completion date becomes a material part of the contract when the contract also includes a "time is of the essence" clause
True
There are certain cases where the character or capacity of the opposition may counsel against submitting an extensive claim document.
True
There is a belief that DB delivery system will inevitably degrade the ultimate quality of the constructed product by compromising the integrity of the design process.
True
To establish an agreement to arbitrate, there needs to be a clear indication from the contract language that the parties intended the disputed issue to be subject to arbitration.
True
Traditionally, obligations associated with project scheduling and performance delays have been set forth as an express obligation to perform either by a specific date or under a specific schedule
True
Traditionally, when the project performance was concurrently delayed, neither party was allowed an affirmative recovery from the other.
True
Viewing the world through the other party's eyes is not easy because we are accustomed to view the world through the lens of our interests, we often bring some form of competitive attitude to the negotiations, and the dynamics of the negotiation process often works against finding shared interests.
True
When an offer is made it should NOT be accepted without qualification
True
When two or more partners obtain a loan for which they are severally liable, each partner is only liable for their own obligation.
True
Where the contract specifies the date for work commencement (notice to proceed), the owner may be deemed to warrant the readiness of the site on that date
True
raditionally, when the project performance was concurrently delayed, neither party was allowed an affirmative recovery from the other.
True
Standard forms of agreement like the AIA Document A201 do NOT specify the limits of A/E's professional authority
True?
If the owner is justifiably dissatisfied with the performance (product) he may have a cause of action against the GC for breach of construction warranties
True?*
Start to Start
Two activites may need to begin at the same time such as installation of carpet and floor covering
What is laminated glass?
Two pieces of glass that sandwich a PVB layer.
lift-slab
Type of building construction where concrete slabs are cast on the ground and lifted into place
Piling
Type of foundation sytem that uses columns to support the loads of a structure
Stucco
Type of plaster made from Portland cement, sand, water, and a coloring agent that is applied to exterior walls
Gambrel
Type of roof formed with two planes on each side. the lower pitch is steeper than the upper portion of the roof.
Sun tunnel
Type of skylight that uses a roof-mounted dome to capture light, which is then transferred into a room through a reflective tube
Arbitration
Typically binding method of third party resolution of an issue
What is a CM-at-risk?
Typically contracts with the owner two stages: 1) During the 1st stage, CM-at-risks act as consultants or even design professionals 2) When the design is completed they become involved in the completion of the construction work
Title Sheet
Typically included to identify individual drawings and provide other info about the project. Typically lists names of the professionals involved in the project, abbreviation lists, material and symbol legends, & a small site map locating the project. Figure 1-2 pg 13
Subcontractor Payment
Typically paid when paid. when the GC is paid then the Sub gets paid. the amount retained by the contractor from the sub's periodic payments may be different from the retainage withheld by the owner
What is low-e glass?
Ultra-thin metallic coating on windows used to improve thermal performance. Usually placed on 2nd, 3rd or 4th layer.
Drain tile
Underground piping used to divert and manage rain and ground water
NFPA Handbooks
Uniform Code Life Safety Code National Fire Alarm Code National Electric Code Automatic Sprinkler Systems Fire Protection
Architects scale
Use architectual scale graduating on multiples of 1/8th of an inch
Engineer Scale
Use graduated 1/10th of a foot scale
AIA form G701
Used as the formal cahnge order when using an AIA contract
Aggregates (Gravel)
Used for many different construction applications. In building construction, its typically used for subbase support under concrete slabs and fill around pipes. Other uses include foundation and underground drainage. Serves as 1 of the 3 basic ingredients of concrete.Figure 7-1 pg 112
Renderings/Pictorial Drawings
Used for presentations. Do not show any construction detail. Figure 1-1 pg12
Subcontractors
Used for specialized labor, lower cost, reduced risk to contractor, lack of expertise in areas, cash flow
Submittal log
Used for tracking the actual progress of the submittal. Indicates necessary delay.
Construction Drawings
Used to communicate the architectural & engineering design of a construction project. Detail building components, materials, and methods of construction.
Why is spandrel glass used on exterior surfaces?
Used to conceal structure behind glass/curtainwall.
spandrel glass
Used to cover bands of floor/wall around the floor edges. Usually tempered or heat strengthened with insulation behind them
Floor sheeting
Used to cover the joists or beams on a floor. Is the basis for the walking surface
shaft wall
Used to enclose a multistory opening through a building, such as a space for an elevator or spaces used for ductwork, conduits, or pipes.
Pictorial Drawing
Used to help the viewer visualize the structure or project in it's entirety. Realistic.
Section Cutting Lines (Cutting-Plane Line)
Used to identify sectional views. Marks the part of the drawing being "cut" to create a sectional view or detail. figure 4-6
Closed Bid
Used with private projects and is not open to the public. Bidding is by invitation only, via an invitation for bids, to a selected list of contractors
Scheduling consultant
Uses superintendent and other field personnel to create a schedule for him
What is the Jury like in a CRIMINAL case?
Usually 12 jurors. Decision MUST be unanimous
Rim joint
Usually located on the exterior wall of a structure and is installed perpendicular to the common floor joist. Common joists are end nailed through the rim joist
Incentive Pay
Variable pay is a comp program that fluctuates according to Indv/group goals of company
Common studs
Vertical framing members used to transfer loads from the top of the wall to the floor system
Sections
Views showing the building as it were cut apart. Shows walls, stairs, and other details not clearly shown in other drawings. Drawn to a larger scale. figure 1-7 pg 19
Bearing wall
Wall that supports itself and the weight of the roof of other floors constructed above it
Dead load
Weight of structural members in permanent equipment
Describe how the weighted criteria evaluation process works.
Weighted criteria is a form of best-value selection in which maximum point values are pre-established for qualitative and price components and award is based upon high total points earned by the proposers for both components.
1 1/2'' x 5 1/2''
What are the actual dimensions of a 2x6
Common Bond, English Bond, Running Bond, English Cross Bond, Flemish Bond and Stacked Bond.
What are the most common types of bonds?? figure 7-11 pf 119
W-Identifying Shape 21- Depth in inches 147-Weight in pounds per linear foot
What does the "W", "21", & "147" each stand for in W21 x 147 ?
Lumber dressed on 2 sides.
What does the designation "S2S" for lumber mean??
Occupational Safety and Health Administration that protects the welfare of employees in all occupation types.
What is OSHA?
No Standard Size
What is a building stones standard size
Laminated Veneer Lumber
What is a type of engineered lumber consisting of a series of thin sheets of wood joined with glue to form rectangular sections
Sand or Gravel
What is an example of a cohesionless soil?
Stretcher
What is number 4
Header
What is number 5
Soldier
What is number 6
5/8"
What is the diameter of a #5 rebar
Underpinning
What is the process that involves the strengthening and stabilizing of the foundations of existing buildings?
To Spread Weight
What is the purpose of a footing
Light Gauge Steel Framing
What is the same system of construction as cold formed steel framing
Dead
What kind of load are the building's structural materials considered when calculating building loads?
Live
What kind of load is the building's furniture considered when calculating building loads?
Cost, plus fee
When the scope is hard to define, the contractor is reimbursed for costs of the project plus overhead and profit.
Ridge boards
Where ceiling joists tie the lower rafter ends, _____ _____ are nonstructural and serve only to align the rafters and provide nailing for the roof sheathing.
Hydrated Lime
Which of the following materials increases mortar's workability
Tempered
Which of the following types of glass, when broken, breaks into small, square-edged granules
List at least three factors that are commonly considered before deciding to bid on a construction job.
Who the owner is, who the architect is, location of the project, type of project, size of project
List the different types of doors and windows.
Windows: fixed, single-hung, double-hung, sliding, casement, skylight/roof window, awning and hopper. Doors: terrace, french, sliding.
How does one determine the max. wind load of glass?
With a wind tunnel system.
What are the different types of window frames and what are there advantages and disadvantages?
Wood Frame: (adv.) good thermal insulator and easily worked. (dis.) shrinkage/swelling/decay and maintenance. Aluminum Frame: (adv.) inexpensive and no repainting. (dis.) thermal conductor. Plastic Frame: (adv.) low cost, good thermal insulator, and no repainting. (dis.) not stiff and thermal expansion. Steel Frame: (adv.) strength and acceptable thermal insulator. (dis.) requires permanent coating.
Dimension lumber
Wood framing members finished on four sides
Furring
Wood strips fastened to studs or interior walls and ceilings with concrete nails to provide a surface upon which to attach wall materials.
What is the importance of a muntin?
Wooden bars that separate lites.
Project
Work performed to achieve a fixed set of objectives over a fixed period of time
Protection for Subcontractors, how? what bond protects subs?
Workers compensation. Payment bond protects subs
Construction Permit
Written permission to commence a specific construction activity
Specifications (Specs) Study Spec Organization pg 101-102
Written statements that define the extent and quality of work to be done and the materials to be used. They supplement the drawings which, in turn, describe the physical location, size, and shape of the project. A written guide for contractors contractors bidding on a job. A guide for the building inspector in checking for compliance with building codes or zoning ordinances. The basis of agreement between the owner, architect, contractors, and subcontractors in preparing scope of work contracts to avoid disputes.
Retainage - What is it/ Can it be negotiated?
Yes, it can be negotiated. -the owner holds back/retains a portion of the money earned by the contractor as an incentive to complete the project properly and promptly. -represents a cushion for the owner if the billings exceed the value of the project -should never be released prior to final completion
What is it called if you are a party of a contract?
You are in Privity
Aluminum
You might would use ______ when resistance to corrosion is important.
Brass
_____ is copper with zinc as its principal alloy element.
Iron
_____ is malleable, ductile, magnetic, and silver white in color. A principal ingredient in steel.
Sand
________ is a good example of cohesionless soil
Granite
_________ is a good choice for flooring because it is very hard and durable
Pine
_________ is an example of a soft wood species
Plain Sawn Lumber
_________ is likely to have a lot of distortion due to drying
Caissons
__________ are generally drilled
Piles
__________ are generally driven
Flashing
___________ should be located in a masonry walls at the base of the wall and above all openings
Concrete
____________ masonry unit
Clay
_________can have a steeper angle of repose than coarse-grained soils
Grout
_________is similar to concrete, but the coarse aggregate size is generally smaller and the mix has a higher slump
Coarse-grained
_________soils are more desirable than fine-grained soils for supporting building foundations
A/E/C
a company comprised primarily of architects, engineers, and constructors
Project delivery
a comprehensive process by which a building, facility or structure is designed and constructed
impact wrench
a device for tightening bolts and nuts by means of rapidly repeated torque impulses produced by electrical or pneumatic energy
beam
a linear or curved structural member that acts primarily to resist nonaxial loads
Stakeholder register
a list should be created that includes key contact information, role or specific topics of interest, expectations any known issues and areas of potential influence for each stakeholder.
bull float
a long-handled tool used for the initial floating of a freshly poured concrete slab
shotcrete; pneumatically placed concrete
a low-slump concrete mixture that is deposited by being blown from a nozzle at high speed with a stream of compressed air
slate
a metamorphic form of clay, easily split into thin sheets
marble
a metamorphic rock formed from limestone by heat and pressure
ironworker
a skilled laborer who erects steel building frames or places reinforcing bars in concrete construction
Uniform Drawing System (UDS)
a standardization of drawing guidelines developed by the Construction Specifications Institute (CSI). Consists of 8 interrelated modules. Modules contain standards, guidelines, and various tools for organizing and presenting drawing info used in planning, designing, and constructing facilities.
channel section
a steel or aluminum section shaped like a rectangular box with one side missing
form tie
a steel or plastic rod with fasteners on either end, used to hold together the two surfaces of formwork for a concrete wall
leveling plate
a steel plate placed in grout on top of a concrete foundation to create a level bearing surface for the lower end of a steel column
Reflected ceiling plan
a view of the room as if looking from above, through the ceiling, at a mirror installed one foot below the ceiling level, which shows the reflected image of the ceiling above
supplementary condtions
additional provisions or modifications specific to the owner and project.
Change orders
adjustment to teh contract amount or duration. Change in scope of work by written notice. Process is detailed in the construction contract.
American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
administers and coordinates the voluntary standardization and conformity assessment system. does not develop consensus standards, does accredit member organizations that do.
steam curing
aiding and accelerating the setting reaction of concrete by the application of steam
public works
all construction work conducted using the public money
Q12- A properly maintained, updated and enforced schedule can help reduce risks and protect all participants in the project
all of the above
retainage
amount (typically a percentage) withheld from payment to contractor
retainage
amount held by owner until final completion of the contract. 5-10%
Liquidated damages
amount stipulated in the contract documents that states that the owner recieves compensation for impacted costs of late completion on teh project. Monetary statment.
Dormer
an opening framed into the roof to allow for window placement
closing phase
any changes need to be documented, approved and incorporated into an updated baseline plan. Project evaluations are conducted, lessons learned are identified and documented to help improve future projects
wide-flange shape
any of a wide range of structural steel components rolled in the shape of the letter I or H
The operational and maintenance (O&M) of a completed construction project:
are associated w/ the quality of the constructed project -Documents required to operate and maintain a facility are normally submitted by the contractor during testing, commissioning & handover 1) as-built drawings 2) operation and maintenance manuals 3) operating procedures 4) source information for available spare parts
Resources
are needed to perform the project activities
double hung
both bottom and top sash open
waterproofing
building material applied/installed to prevent water transmission
change orders
changes to original formal contract, alternation to the original legal arrangement
schedule
chart correlating activity and sequence, start date, completion date
Schedules
charts of specific items keyed to numbered symbols used on the floor plan
Project Closeout -requirements/procedures
closeouts of 10% of the project are the hardest to finish. -contractor must show that the completed project meets the terms of the agreement -should begin at the start of construction and continue until the project is finally accepted by the owner. -when contractor has completed work, architect is requested for an inspection, punch list -may be required to test functions of the facility- HVAC, Plumbing, Electrical -owner to receive warranties on appliances and facility components, operating and maintenance manuals. -providing owner with permanent keys, affidavits that workers, subs, and suppliers have been paid, lien releases, as-built drawings, and complete submittal file.
Scope alignment
compare quote to quote
Follow up inspection
conducted after a predetermined time allowed by local code or ordinance
Quality (construction industry definition)
conformance to standards and specificcations
ASTM International (American Society for Testing & Materials)
consensus-based standards writing and testing organization; develops testing processes that other testing organizations use in the development of safety products
NEGOTIATION -Dispute Review Board
consists of 3 individuals who meet whenever one of the contracting parties on a project desires a hearing on an issue of conflict. disputes can be resolved quickly. board is assembled shortly after the contract award. each contracting party nominates a person to serve on the board who then jointly nominate a third. They will hear disputes as they are presented, the board stays current on project progress and makes recommendations which can be accepted or rejected. if both parties reject the recommendations, the dispute can be given further review or litigated.
Product data submittal
consists of the manufacturer's product information.
Consensus docs
construction document templates authored with a team based approach Answer 2
CM at risk
construction manager involved in design and conception. Provides owner with a maximum price for the project.
Raised floors
construction method that allows the flooring system to be installed above the plane of the surrounding earth using a footing/stem wall or pier/grade beam footing system
Balloon Frame
construction uses full-length studs that run continuously for two stories from foundation to roof
bidding efficiency
contractors ability to maximize profit potential on all projects in which the contractor bid upon
Bid shopping
contractors supply bid amounts from subcontractors to other subs is not ethical in most markets
password to change this is
contracts
Buyout
converting subcontractor bids to subcontracts and quotes to purchase orders
project superintendent
coordinate fieldwork and supervise foremen (on site)
metals that can form a natural patina when used as roofing materials
copper, zinc, stainless steel
Building inspector has two forms
correction of notice and stop work notice (public safety threatened)
metal decking
corrugated metal sheets used as the structural base for floors and roofs in steel frame construction
composite metal decking
corrugated steel decking manufactured in such a way that it bonds securely to the concrete floor fill to form a reinforced concrete deck
Three primary elements of a constructon process
cost, time and quality
Working elevation
could be interior or exterior; used by the design team to communicate building features and are used by the contractors to construct the project
cover, chair
cover: specified thickness of concrete surrounding reinforcing bars to provide full embedment for the bars and protect them against fire and corrosion chair: device used to support reinforcing bars
New and existing structures
current adopted edition of building code applies to all structures that are built while in effect. additions or alterations will be regulated by current code
Fixed Price Contracts
customer and the contractor agree on a price for the proposed work. Low risk
Fire code
defines types of situations that require a permit or license
planning phase
defining project scope, identifying resources, developing a schedule and budget, and identifying risks, which is also known as the baseline plan.
Model Code
describes a set of requirements similar to a standard
Performance-based
describes acceptable level of performance that an assembly, material, or system must meet without specifically stating how the item is assembled. gives greater freedom to manufacturer contractor or installer
vertical construction
designed by both architects and engineers
horizontal (linear) construction
designed by engineer
engineer's estimate
designers projection of project cost
shop drawings
detailed drawings illustrating a portion of work
AIA G703
details the progress of each item in the schedule of values, including previous progress,current completed work, current materials...
Division 1 General Requirments
determines scope of the project. Contains related work specified eleswhere, description of work, quality assurance, submittakls
National Fire Protection Agency (NFPA)
develops and publishes majority of the consensus standards used in U.S and Canada
brace
diagonal members, either temporary or permanent, installing to stabilize a structure
Differing site condtions
differing subsurface conditions indicated in contract documents or geotechnical reports.
nonbearing partitions
do not need to be fire separation walls or loadbearing walls
what's a complaint?
document that starts case hearing; issued by plantiff
bid package
documents available to contractor, proposal form, general conditions, special conditions, technical spec, and a set of plans
Why is it important to document for disputes?
does not mean that one anticipates a dispute, but it is impossible to predict which subjects will become sources of dispute clear advantage enjoyed by the party exhibiting the greatest detail of documentation valuable if a dispute arises, but can also diminish the probability of a dispute if information is carefully recorded best way to avoid disputes is to always be prepared for them.
To have legal value you must have
doing not doing promising to do promising not do
what are the three elements of undue influence
dominant party susceptible party undue persuasion
self-drilling
drills its own hole
double tee; slight tee; inverted tee
dt: precast concrete slab element that resembles the letters TT in cross section
Earnhart v. Low
earnhart won under theory 3, not theory 1. No contract since conditions were not met. Earnhart appeal because not paid for work on pillow. supreme court reverse and remand to trial court for determination of damages so earnhart could recover from low for pillow property work under theory 3
Formaldehyde fumes are never a problem during construction
false
Q8 - Type II changed conditions are conditions differing materially from those indicated in the contract/contract documents
false
Q8 - All standard differing site conditions clauses cover similar situations
false
Q9-Acts of god entitle the contractor to an extension of the contract performance time and contract price adjustment.
false
building sickness occurs when a building is not structurally sound
false
penetrations left open in fire walls are acceptable as long as they are less than .5 square inches
false
standing-seam metal roofing is only used for copper roofs
false
the open valley method of installing shingles in a steep roof valley requires the least amount of cutting of the shingles
false
the panel system mode of assembly is advantageous for small jobs
false
the type of flooring has no bearing on the acoustics of the room
false
thermal breaks in window frame systems are usually made of aluminum
false
thin stones can never be used as cladding systems
false
ADA
government requirements for access and use of public facilities
Activities on the critical path
have float or a period of time in addition to the activities duration
A contractor's request for sub-contractors approval should include
includes all related information to prove the sub's capability of providing services that meet the required project quality -resources available to meet schedule -past performance
workers compensation
insurance, paid for by the employer, providing cash and medical benefits to employees that are disabled because of an injury or illness relating to their job
Tort liabilities
intentional negligence nusisance strict liability recklessness statutory
order of the court not to do something
injuction
Who brings the lawsuit in a CIVIL case?
injured party
Kerzner
inspection done by sorting good from bad (inspection process)
Consistent codes and standards
inspector should monitor code provisions on all levels; prevents conflicts between codes
precast concrete sandwich panel has what incorporated into the panel
insulation
property insurance
insurance covering fires, acts of god, etc
Agency CM
involves use of a manager as the agent of the owner without design or construction responsibilities. Works on a fee basis with the owner. Enters the process early. Manages both architect and contractors. Fee based.
steel
iron with a controlled amount of carbon, generally less than 2 percent
cast iron
iron with too high a carbon content to be classified as steel
Purchase order
is a control document used to define items to be ordered, payment terms, and quoted price, how it will be shipped, delivery time, and the cost account for the purchase
Schedule of Values
is a written list in tabular form of the value amounts relating to the activities of work, associated with appropriate monetary amounts for each activity. Is not time-related but rather a list of the value of construction activities. Often prescribed in the project manual.
Contract
is an agreement between the contractor, who agrees to perform the project and to provide a produce or service(deliverables), and the customer who agrees to pay the contractor a certain amount in return.
Project
is an endeavor to accomplish a specific objective through a unique set of interrelated activities and the effective utilization of resources.
Engineering Procurement Construction
is another form of the design-build delivery method used for industrial plants, power plants, and refineries.
Officer in charge
is responsible for the firms preformance. Has a buisness level relationship with owners capital projects officer and teh arcitects principal in charge. Not involved with project. Involved in matters that affect the sucess of the project.
Purchasing
is the activity of procuring material or equipment for the project. Writing subcontracts, material contracts, and purchase agreements.
Quality Managment
is the continuing plan of the contractor to provide quality work in every phase of the project
Sponsor/Customer
is the entity that provides the funds necessary to accomplish the project.
Capital projects officer
is the individual responsible to the owners and or stockholders of the company. Authorizes major changes.
Submittal process
is very important as it relates directly to quality, schedule, and ultimately the overall success of the project.
Casing
large diameter pipe that is assembled and inserted into a recently drilled section of a pier. It can be left in or removed during the concrete operation
Punch List
list of items that must be completed or repaired prior to final completion. Retainage not available until punch list is complete.
crickets
locally sloped surfaces used to divert water around obstructions in the roof or create slope in level areas
schedule
logical sequencing and timing of the work to be performed
A motion is a request that something be decided as ______
matter of law
Quality (management terminology)
meeting or exceeding the customers expectations
fast track
method of project phasing that allows construction to begin before design is complete
Critical Path Method
method of scheduling based on most important activities
milestone
method of scheduling based on most important activities
Assent - misrepresentation
misrepresentation of material fact, or fradulence
addenda
modifications of the scope and detail of a project
Quality Control
monitored by submittals, shop drawings, and samples.
what is required to rescind a contract for mistake
mutual mistake of material fact
Monitoring of construction projects is..
necessary during the execution of the project and its aim is to recognize any obstacles encountered during the excecution and to apply measures to mitigate(solves) these difficulties -watch & solves problems as needed
Introduction of New Code
new legislation posted and entire code available for public review; effective enforcement date contain in resolution; code official to begin formal notification with community
Submission of checklist or request for inspection is...
on-going activity during the construction process to ensure proper quality control of construction ^to inspect the on-going work^
mediation
one mediator party to help progress discussion between two parties (discussion lead)
one-way concrete joist system, two-way slab
one: reinforced concrete framing system in which closely spaced concrete joists span between parallel beams or bearing walls two: reinforced framing system in which columns with mushroom capitals and/or drop panels directly support a two-way slab that is planar on both of its surfaces
Performance of construction projects can be evaluated...
only after it is completed and put into use/operation
Deposition
oral questions that are answered orally
criminal cases involve violations of what
ordinance and statutes
Guaranteed Maximum Price
owner pays or actual costs plus a fixed fee subject to a ceiling price.
Owner directed scope of change
owner will add or deduct work that qualify as a change of scope through a cahnge order
Construction project quality control process is:
part of the contract documents that provides details about specific quality practices, recourses, and activities relevant to the project
Progress payments
partial payments for work completed during a portion, usuallly a month, of teh construction period
acceptance
parties approve the offer and create a contract
Guardrails
partitions used for safety on balconies, lofts, stairs, and decks that are over 30" (760 mm) above the next lower level.
Option Contract lets you?
pay money to keep an offer open while you debate accepting it.
portland cement, concrete
pc:gray or white powder, composed primarily of calcium silicates, which when combined with water, hydrates to form the binder in concrete, mortar, and stucco. c:structural material produced by mixing predetermined amounts of cement, aggregates, and water and allowing this mixture to cure under controlled conditions.
creep
permanent inelastic deformation in a material due to changes in the material caused by the prolonged application of a structural stress; common in wood, concrete, and plastics
prestress, pre-tensioning, post-tensioning
prestress: applying an initial compressive stress to a concrete structural member, either by pretensioning or posttensioning pre: compressing the concrete in a structural member by pouring the concrete for the member around stretched high-strength steel strands, curing the concrete, and releasing the external tensioning force on the strands post:
Lean principles
principles that focus on creating more value for customers with less work and the elimination of waste
private works
private persons, corporations spending their own money
A+B contracts
provide a financial incentive to contractors with the expertise to complete the project quickly, purpose is to reduce the time highways are under construction
Sub-consultants
provide design services and portions of the construction documents that are not provided by the architect
Vendor coordination
problems near end of project when contractor coordinates with vendors that supply outside equipment
Total quality managment
process of bringing quality to the construction project comes from W. Edwards Deming. Four key elements: installation, teamwork, commitment, recognition. Six Steps: suggestions, break down, create solutions, implement and observe, acknowledge and award, incorporate broad scale.
Contract administrator
processes shop drawings, progress payments, rfi's, change orders, conducts meetings and issues minuets
probability
proportion of the time that events of the same kind will occur in the long run
general liability
protects the owner and the contractors from financial consequences of various risks, such as hazardous operations, or accidents during construction and after work is complete
What are the advantages of design-bid-build? Answers: Proven to be reliable and satisfactory Most effective use of time and money It does not require any expertise that the owner may not have It is reflected in and reinforced by standard contract documents
proven to be reliable and satisfactory It is reflected in and reinforced by standard contract documents
umbrella excess liability
provides a 2nd layer of coverage, used when liability limits of other policies are exceeded
surety bond
provides assurance for the faithful performance for its principal, provides the owner with a form of financial
The close out process
punch list, substantial completion, when the architect has determined that the buildings acceptable for owner use and occupancy known as beneficial occupancy
what is the purpose of a CRIMINAL CASE
punishment, deterrence, retribution
Brownfield Sites
reclaiming and building on sites that have been previously abandoned or underused because of historic environmental contamination
annealed glass
regular float glass which is cooled slowly to reduce stress
Architect
reject or request new submittal
Project cash flow projections
relate the schedule of values to the construction schedule, projecting progress throughout the duration of the project. (lazy s curve)
Schedule of work
relate the time frame require for completion of subcontractor work
Contractor
reviews submittals, determines installation plan during estimating phase, stamps submittals indicating they have been reviewed or a brief statement to avoid liability, contractor will use submittals at the jobsite.
Model code
revised every 3-5 years; does not automatically take effect when released; existing edition remains in effect until AHJ formally and legally adopts the new edition
metamorphic rock
rock created by the action of heat or pressure on a sedimentary rock or soil
sedimentary rock
rock formed from materials deposited as sediments, such as sand or sea shells, which form sandstone and limestone
roof decks must support the weight of
roofing material and ballast, standing water and snow, wind uplift, equipment, people, and plants
ribbed slab; waffle slab
rs: wide band beams running between columns with narrow ribs spanning the orthogonal direction. Ribs and beams are the same depth. Completed with a thin topping slab. ws: tend to be deeper than ribbed slabs
what is a fire stop behind a curtain wall system
safing
Acceptance
same specific terms intent to be bound from offeree to offeror
ingredients of glass
sand, soda ash, lime, alumina, potassium oxide
laminated glass
sandwich of multiple layers of glass with PVB interlayer. Suitable for security applications as glass stays in place when broken
formwork
structures, usually temporary, that give shape to poured concrete and support it and keep it moist as it cures
Standard
set of principles, protocols or procedures that is developed by committees through a consensus process.
Base Isolators
shock absorbers placed in a building foundation to allow movement without causing damage
issue log
should be created of specific issues or concerns or questions that various stakeholders identify so that the project manager, project team, or sponsor/customer can address them and make sure they are not forgotten or dismissed without an adequate follow up and response.
Subcontract price
should reflect quoted price from sub
proprietorship
single person owns and operates a company
weep hole
small opening whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates inside a building component or assembly
incentive clause
statement allowing for monetary reward for early completion of project
hot rolled steel
steel formed into its final shape by passing it between rollers while it is very hot and still in plastic state
cold formed steel
steel formed to its final form at room temperature at which it is no longer a plastic
spray applied fireproofing
steel protection; cemetitious
intumescent fireproofing
steel protection; paint
deformed reinforcing bars
steel reinforcing bars with surface ribs for better bonding to concrete
horizontal reinforcing
steel reinforcing that runs horizontally in a masonry wall in the form of either welded grids of small-diameter metal rods or larger conventional reinforcing bars
Prescriptive-based (specification-based)
stipulates in detail the types of materials that can be used and how they must be assembled
what are the three elements of duress
strong party weak party undue threat
--- is the stage in the progress of the work the work of a designated portion theroff is sufficiently complete so the owner can occupy or utilize the work for its intended use
substantial
in an exterior building clad system, a shelf angle is used to?
support brick cladding
suspended ceilings
suspended on wires and conceals structure and services above it
Construction Management (CM)
the actual construction process is overseen by a qualified construction manager who ensures that the various stages of the construction process are completed in a timely and seamless fashion, from getting the construction permits to completion of the construction to the final walk through of the completed leased premises with the tenant
Budget
the amount the sponsor or customer has agreed to pay. Including salaries, equipment rental of facilities and the fees of subcontractors or consultants who will perform some of the project tasks
maximum profit potential
the amount which could have been made by taking all jobs at the lowest competitors price
galvanizing
the application of a zinc coating to steel
infrastructure
the basic equipment and structures that are needed for a country, region, or organization to function property
Infrastructure
the basic roadways, bridges, and railroad networks that support a community or society
optimum bid
the bid which yields the highest possible profit
surety party
the bonding company who protects the damaged party, assumes legal liability
fabricator
the company that prepares structural steel members for erection; any entity that assemblies building components prior to arrival of the components on the construction site
budget
the cost of the project
spalling
the cracking or flaking of the surface of concrete or masonry units, units caused, for example, by freeze-thaw action, corroding reinforcing, or pointing mortars that are harder and stronger than the mortar deeper in the masonry joint
What is the objective of value engineering (VE)?
the goal of value (minimum cost) engineering is to provide the required product/project functions at a minimum cost and achieve equivalent or better performance while maintaining all functional requirements defined by the customer/client
curing
the hardening of concrete, plaster, gunnable sealant, or other wet materials. Curing can occur through evaporation of water or a solvent, hydration, polymerization, or chemical reactions of various types, depending on the formulation of the material
Eaves
the lower edges of a roof which usually project beyond the side of a building
Quality Assurance
the maintenance of a desired level of quality in a service or product, especially by means of attention to every stage of the process of delivery or production.
Construction
the process by which material, equipment, and machinery are assembled into a permanent facility
project delivery systems
the process of purchasing construction
repointing
the process of removing deteriorated mortar from the zone near the surface of a brick wall and inserting fresh mortat
Q10 - It is essential to risk management and dispute avoidance to qualify____________
the project the key project participants the site and locale
Performing phase
the project plan is executed and activities are carried out to produce all the project deliverables
gradation
the proportions, by mass, of aggregates distributed in specified particle size ranges
heat of hydration
the thermal energy given off by concrete or gypsum as it cures
Means and Methods
the way in which the contractor constructs the designed product
scope
the work to be accomplished (overall goal)
Specifications
the written instructions from an architect or engineer accompanying the project plans pertaining to the quality of materials and workmanship required for the project
Pile cap
thick concrete mat that is poured atop a pile(s) to distribute the load evenly onto the piles and create a footing for the foundation of the structure
column tie/ spiral
tie: a single loop of steel bar, usually bent into a rectangular configuration, used to tie a concrete column spiral: a continuous coil of steel reinforcing used to tie a concrete column
Standard contracts
tired and true
excavation
to remove earth from an area
calibrated wrench
tool used to apply a specific torque to a fastener such as a nut or a bolt
conversion
tort of intentional theft
Expediting
tracking, confirming, and or accelerating the delivery of an item that has been purchased
An agreement is a brief condensation of the contract that includes the scope, price, time, and signature blocks Answers: True False
true
As a primary rule, the reasonable and logical meaning of the contract language will be presumed to be the meaning intended by the parties Answers: True False
true
Bid protests arise almost exclusively in connection with sealed bids or competitive proposals
true
Most bid bonds must be accepted within the prescribed period of time stated in the instructions to the bidders
true
No change to an offer should be made in the acceptance, and what is offered should be accepted as it is offered. Answers: True False
true
Q8 - A prudent contractor protects itself against potential differing site conditions by including a contingency factor in its bid
true
Q8 - Even when a contract lacks a DSC clause and contains exculpatory language, it may still be possible for the contractor to recover
true
Q8 - Ideally, notice requirement in a changed conditions clause alerts the owner to the existence of the condition and provides the owner an opportunity to evaluate its potential impact on the project
true
Q8 -The purpose of the DSC clause is to take some of the gamble on subsurface conditions out of bidding and provide the owner with more accurate bid prices
true
The extent of liability under a bid bond is usually the difference between the bid submitted by the defaulting contractor and the next-lowest bidder
true
There is a belief that DB delivery system will inevitably degrade the ultimate quality of the constructed product by compromising the integrity of the design process.
true
Under the promissory estoppel, promise is enforceable by law when a promisor has made a promise to a promisee who then relies on that promise to his subsequent detriment.
true
a roof planted in vegetation is considered sustainable because it is cooler than other types of roofs
true
all exterior steel doors are solid core
true
aluminum shingles can be transformed to look like slate
true
fire blocking is not needed if partitions are framed in light gauge steel or masonry
true
minimum slop for asphalt shingles is 4:12 unless special measures are taken
true
one method of applying a bitumen roof is by heating the membrane with an open flame torch
true
roof decking may be made of wood, steel, or other material
true
roofs can be kept cool by painting them with a heat-reflecting (UV protection) surface
true
sealant joints are the weak link for water penetration
true
slate shingles can lat up to 60-80 years where as clay and concrete tile last from 35-70 years
true
solid core doors are used for residential exterior doors or interior doors for commercial buildings
true
Claim
unresolved change request. Exact time specified to the contract in the contract conditions. AIA document A201 requires 21 days for the claim to be made.
Presentation Elevation
used in the design process to provide project stakeholders and anticipated view of the finished product. Often referred to as renderings
wrap up policy
used on large construction projects, all contractors and subcontractors are covered under a single policy
negotiated contracts
used on privately funded projects, cost-plus contracts
competitively bid contracts
used on publicly funded or public works projects, lump/stimulated sum contracts, unit price contracts
Roof Sheeting
used to cover the rafters on a roof and is the basis for the roofing material. Provides shear value and structural integrity to the structure
Litigation
used when negotiations fail to resolve a dispute most juries are not knowledgeable of most construction disputes very time consuming with the resolution of the dispute often occurring long after the project is completed once decision is made by the court, the case is closed unless it is appealed which can only occur when procedural errors have been made by a lower court. attorneys are taught to litigate and win at all costs and they have no time tables...they are paid no matter the outcome
Stem wall
vertical wall that extends from the top of footing to the first floor level of the structure
window frames may be made of
wood, aluminum, steel, plastic, glass fiber reinforced plastic
Notification
written inspection describing noted infractions; aka citation or liability notice
construction permit
written permission to commence a specific construction activity
What is a Third Party beneficiary?
you are not in privity but have rights from the contract
What must a contractor have to be considered responsible and awarded a contract?
• HAVE FINANCIAL RESOURCES TO PERFORM THE CONTRACT • COMPLY WITH THE REQUIRED OR PROPOSED DELIVERY OR PERFORMANCE SCHEDULE • HAVE A SATISFACTORY PERFORMANCE RECORD • HAVE A SATISFACTORY RECORD OF INTEGRITY AND ETHICS • HAVE NECESSARY SKILLS, ORGANIZATION, & EXPERIENCE • HAVE THE NECESSARY PRODUCTION, CONSTRUCTION, AND TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES • BE ELIGIBLE FOR AWARD UNDER APPLICABLE LAWS
Name the three selection methods used to buy construction services, and identify the solicitation instrument used for each one.
• Low-Bid Selection is commonly associated with tradition design-bid-build project delivery and utilizes the invitation for bids. • Best-Value Selection commonly utilizes a Request for Proposals. • Qualifications-based selection utilizes a Request for Qualifications.
