CMST 1500 Final Exam

Hip hop culture, as it emerged in the South Bronx using communicative practices such as tagging and rap, illustrates ________.

A. A lack of identification with place. B. None of these. C. An effort to fit into the dominant culture. D. The reclaiming of a location of enunciation. Answer: D

Adolfo and Ben work together at a company. When there is a conflict in their office, Adolfo uses direct communication to solve problems and asserts his opinions. Ben uses indirect communication, focusing on maintaining relationships and solving the problem with other workers. Their difference can be described as _____________.

A. Adolfo has independent orientation and Ben has interdependent orientation to conflict. B. Adolfo and Ben are not good communicators. C. Adolfo has interdependent orientation and Ben has independent orientation to conflict. D. Adolfo and Ben just cannot get along. Answer: A

In-hereness and out-thereness of globalization can be best described in which of the following examples?

A. All of these B. The instant communication and sharing of experience across the world through communication technology, such as satellite television, Skype, YouTube, and Facebook. C. Ethnic communities, such as Chinatown and Little Italy. D. Outsourced call centers that provide customer service from offshore locations. Answer: A

One of the principles informing this book is: _________.

A. All of these B. the important role history and relations of power play in intercultural communication. C. the lack of connections between the past and the present as illustrated by the almost equitable relations of power that exist today in the global context. D. the insignificant role of broad historical context including colonization in intercultural communication. Answer: B

Kenji, a Japanese man, and Amy, an European American woman, are in a committed relationship for several years. Amy is frustrated because Kenji never expresses his feelings with words, while Kenji thinks Amy is too expressive about her feelings. Which of the following describes their communication styles?

A. Amy is too assertive and Kenji is too quiet. B. Kenji uses high-context communication, and Amy uses low-context communication. C. Amy uses high-context communication, and Kenji uses low-context communication. D. Kenji and Amy just cannot get along. Answer: B

Hip hop culture, as it emerged in the South Bronx using communicative practices such as tagging and rap, illustrates ________.

A. An effort to fit into the dominant culture. B. The reclaiming of a location of enunciation. C. None of these. D. A lack of identification with place. Answer: B

One of the guiding principles of the book is as follows:

A. Culture is increasingly irrelevant due to the economic and political dimensions of globalization. B. Culture is a complicated concept that is best understood through the lens of commodification. C. Culture is complex and multifaceted; thus, defining culture as "contested meaning," "shared meaning," and as a "resource" is useful in the context of globalization. D. All of these. Answer: C

As a bicultural, bilingual, and biracial child, Jose finds himself constantly translating, mediating, and navigating between his Italian American relatives and Mexican American relatives. What term best describes his intercultural experience?

A. Dialogue B. Intercultural bridgework C. Relational maintenance D. Interracial relationships Answer: B

Kathy, a White European American woman, and Oguz, a Muslim American man, have been dating for 2 months. Kathy has become more aware of how religious differences and stereotypes affect the people in Muslim communities including Oguz. Which state of intercultural romantic relationship development process is she in?

A. Identity emergence B. Relational maintenance C. Coping D. Racial/cultural awareness Answer: A

As a bicultural, bilingual, and biracial child, Jose finds himself constantly translating, mediating, and navigating between his Italian American relatives and Mexican American relatives. What term best describes his intercultural experience?`

A. Intercultural bridgework B. Interracial relationships C. Dialogue D. Relational maintenance Answer: A

Ashley is Norwegian American and Megan is German American. What type of intercultural relationship do they have?

A. International B. Interracial C. Interreligious D. Interethnic Answer: D

The example of McDonald's in Moscow described in the textbook is an illustration of hybrid cultural space because ________.

A. New meanings are produced about the space. B. All of these. C. Of the altered way the space is used. D. There is a mixing of cultural influences. Answer: B

Nina is interested in gaining insight into negotiated and oppositional readings about current events. She is likely to find these perspectives from which of the following sources?

A. News and commentary sources independent from corporate interests. B. News and commentary from major media networks. C. News and commentary from celebrities. D. News and commentary from major newspapers in the United States. Answer: A

Sami and Dmitri have been friends for several years. They have introduced each other to their family members and trust each other as friends. At which stage of intercultural friendship development process are they?

A. Ongoing involvement phase B. Racial awareness C. Exploratory interaction phase D. Initial encounter phase Answer: A

Patrice (Haitian American and Christian) and Josh (White, Jewish American) have been in an interracial relationship for 6 months. Because of some unwelcome reactions and prejudicial comments from people who disagree with their relationship, they began to develop proactive and reactive strategies to manage challenges and discrimination. According to the model of romantic relationship development, which stage are they in?

A. Racial/cultural awareness B. Identity emergence C. Coping D. Anticipation Answer: C

Cultural self-awareness is defined as:

A. The ability to understand others as you understand yourself. B. All of these C. The awareness or consciousness of oneself as a cultural being, whose beliefs, assumptions, attitudes, values and behaviors are contoured by culture. D. The ability to understand and relate to the cultural experience of other people from their point of view. Answer: C

To study intercultural communication in the context of globalization and social justice means: ____________.

A. To situate social justice as one of the primary characteristics of intercultural communication. B. To explore what it means to be a global citizen. C. All of these. D. To pay attention to how our lives are interconnected across cultural and physical boundaries. Answer: C

The different interpretations of Pocahontas by children of Euro-American descent, urban Native American children, and Native American children on reservation suggests that _________.

A. all children enjoy watching Pocahontas one way or another. B. Pocahontas has a universal appeal to children from various backgrounds. C. Native American children necessarily have an oppositional reading of the film. D. the audience's positionality shapes the kind of meaning drawn from media. Answer: D

Michelle's mother is African American and her father is White. She identifies as biracial. However, people in the United States identify her as Black. The designation of Black as her identity is ___________.

A. an avowed and ascribed identity.- B. an additive identity. C. an ascribed identity.- D. an avowed identity. Answer: C

While Alison identifies as heterosexual, she is active in providing support and raising public awareness for people in LGBTQ community. Alison is ______________.

A. an intercultural friend of LGBTQ people. B. an intercultural partner of LGBTQ community. C. an intercultural companion of LGBTQ community. D. an intercultural ally for LGBTQ community. Answer: D

In various parts of the world, artists and musicians and other artists create their versions of hip-hop culture to appeal to their audience and cultural values; such as the hip hop culture in Bombay, India and how they are working to empower the young people in their communities. This is an example of ____________.

A. appropriation. B. hegemony. C. ethnocentrism. D. culture as a shared system of meaning. Answer: A

Segregated cultural spaces, such as gated communities, the reservation system that isolate Native Americans, Jim Crow laws, or the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII __________________.

A. are a natural part of cultural identification and membership. B. are primarily a phenomena of the past. C. restructure and dismantle inequitable power relations. D. have been and are used to establish and maintain the hegemony of the dominant group. Answer: D

Miles, who is half Mexican American and half White American, has very light brown skin. He was raised in a predominantly Mexican neighborhood, and he identifies himself as Mexican American. However, his friends regard him as "White" because of his fair skin. His "Mexican American" identity is _____________.

A. ascribed identity. B. avowed identity. C. personal identity. D. cultural Identity. Answer: B

Chinatown in San Francisco is a useful example of contested cultural space __________.

A. because Chinatown is an authentic cultural space. B. because people from different cultures frequent Chinatown. C. because of the history of conflict to resist the displacement of Chinatown. D. because there is a blend or mix of cultures in Chinatown. Answer: C

Blogs from Iraqi citizens to U.S. military personnel or video footage from antiwar activists to pro-war supporters around the world are both examples of _____________, which represent perspectives and experiences of issues, events, and groups that are often distorted, filtered out, and excluded from mainstream corporate media.

A. citizen media B. independent media C. culture jamming D. telenovelas Answer: A

The weekly gathering of friends and family in an Iranian American home, where rituals, food, and cultural practices from Iran are re-created to resist complete assimilation into the dominant culture, is an example of _______________.

A. contested cultural space. B. hybrid cultural space. C. cultural appropriation. D. segregated cultural space. Answer: B

In a move to resist what was seen as _______________, the Venezuelan government passed a law in 2005 requiring 50% of all music played on the radio to be Venezuelan. Sales of Venezuelan music soared while previously popular stars like Britney Spears and the Backstreet Boys plummeted. Some see this move as narrowing choices for Venezuelans; others argue that it increases their choices by drawing attention to Venezuelan products that were previously overshadowed by the immense marketing power of the U.S. culture industries

A. cultural corruption B. cultural imperialism C. cultural homogenization D. culture industry Answer: B

Many in France are outraged by what they experience as the corrosive influence of U.S. popular culture. English is increasingly part of casual conversations and daily business practices in France as evidenced by terms such as le deal and le cash flow. Outcries that U.S. popular culture is an assault on French language and national identity exemplify the concern about ________.

A. cultural homogenization B. cultural imperialism C. cultural corruption D. folk culture Answer: C

A Chicana feminist scholar, Gloria Anzaldúa, describes the fluid, contradictory, and creative experience of living in what she calls the "Borderlands/borderlands." Her experience exemplifies how ___________.

A. cultural space can be created to speak and claim an oppositional identity. B. cultural space is always shaped by boundaries. C. culture is a site of shared meaning. D. cultural space is always ambiguous. Answer: A

Sean loves the movie Titanic because of its universal appeal to the power of love. He is engaging in ________.

A. dominant reading of the movie. B. contested reading of the movie. C. oppositional reading of the movie. D. negotiated reading of the movie. Answer: A

Intercultural activism means _________.

A. engaging in actions that create a democratic world. B. challenging discrimination, domination and oppression. C. sharing power and valuing diversity. D. all of these. Answer: D

Accessing news and images from protests as they happen in Milwaukee and Chicago through the twitter accounts of Deray McKessen and local reporters and politicians or keeping in touch with your high school friends who are at other schools in other states using Snapchat and Facebook exemplify _________.

A. friendship networks. B. framing. C. media networks. D. time-space compression. Answer: D

McDonald's is one of the most globalized corporations. If you visit their stores in other countries, you will find menus that are unique to their local culture. This is an example of ___________.

A. glocalization. B. assimilation. C. Americanization. D. ethnocentrism. Answer: A

McDonald's is one of the most globalized corporations. If you visit their stores in other countries, you will find menus that are unique to their local culture. This is an example of ___________.

A. glocalization. B. ethnocentrism. C. assimilation. D. Americanization. Answer: A

Segregated cultural spaces, such as gated communities, the reservation system that isolate Native Americans, Jim Crow laws, or the internment of Japanese Americans during WWII __________________.

A. have been and are used to establish and maintain the hegemony of the dominant group. B. are primarily a phenomena of the past. C. restructure and dismantle inequitable power relations. D. are a natural part of cultural identification and membership. Answer: A

Randy thinks that heterosexuality is the only normal, natural, and universal form of sexuality. This type of assumption is called ______.

A. heteronormativity. B. racism. C. sexism. D. classism. Answer: A

It is important to address issues of social justice in intercultural communication because ____________.

A. intercultural relations in the colonial era of world history advanced social justice. B. globalization has intensified inequities, which has magnified intercultural conflict. C. history shows that movements for social justice do not improve intercultural relations. D. globalization has leveled the playing field, and our world is increasingly equitable. Answer: B

Laura comes from an upper-class Christian family. When she started dating Ben, who is nonreligious and from working-class background, her family was not accepting of their relationship. This is an example of how_____________.

A. intercultural relationships often involve multiple and intersecting cultural differences, including class and religion. B. religious differences matter more than class differences in intercultural relationships. C. class differences matter more than religious differences in intercultural relationships. D. class and religious differences do not matter as long as they share the same racial background. Answer: A

Laura is a leader of a student organization. Whenever the members have a conflict with each other, she tries to mediate the conflict. She tries to improve the culture of the organization by resolving the conflict collectively. Her approach can be characterized as _________________.

A. interdependent orientation to conflict. B. low-context orientation to conflict. C. direct communication. D. independent orientation to conflict. Answer: A

Laura thinks the movie Spider-Man is generally a good movie but she questions the stereotypical portrayal of the female character. She is engaging in __________.

A. interpretive reading. B. negotiated reading. C. dominant reading. D. oppositional reading. Answer: B

When Kenji and Amy had a fight, Kenji consulted his best friend Jeff. Jeff then spoke to his girlfriend Emily and they decided to invite Amy and Kenji for dinner in hopes of mending their relationship. This type of approach to conflict is viewed as _______.

A. low-context communication and independent orientation. B. assertive and direct communication. C. submissive and indirect communication. D. high-context communication and interdependent orientation. Answer: D

When Heather witnessed a conflict between local residents and Sudanese refugees in town, she paid attention to the power imbalance between the two groups and the divisive rhetoric on immigration in the media. Heather is using _________.

A. microframe analysis of conflict. B. mesoframe analysis of conflict. C. macro- and mesoframe analysis of conflict. D. oppositional metaphors. Answer: C

When Keith had a conflict with a neighbor who moved from Somalia, he tried to analyze the situation by looking at how he tends to engage in low-context communication whereas his neighbor prefers high-context communication. He is using _________.

A. microframe analysis of conflict. B. mesoframe analysis of conflict. C. macroframe analysis of conflict. D. positionality. Answer: A

In the conflict between Israel and Palestine, each group defines who they are as the opposite or the negative images of the other group. This is an example of _____________.

A. negative identity. B. oppositional metaphor. C. None of the above D. us versus them. Answer: A

The following represents a ________ Spiderman: All the evil or "bad" things that are presented in the films were caused by the greed for money, power and fame in a capitalist, corporatized, militarized society. The situations people were in had more to do with the oppressive and exploitative corporate, media, criminal and military systems that are depicted as "normal" in the films. The emphasis on individual choice masks the systemic oppression that creates the "evil" from which Spider-Man—the young, white, superhero male—must rescue and protect the vulneable masses.

A. negotiated reading of the movie B. oppositional reading of the movie C. contested reading of the movie D. dominant reading of the movie Answer: B

The image below from Adbusters highlights examples of __________________ which challenge dominant readings or interpretations of mainstream popular culture and media texts by producing and negotiating oppositional readings that "talk back to" centers of economic, political, and symbolic power such as multinational corporations by disrupting the "media trance" of our consumer addicted world.

A. oppositional reading B. alternative media C. culture jamming D. fragmegration Answer: C

The following represents a ________ Spiderman: All the evil or "bad" things that are presented in the films were caused by the greed for money, power and fame in a capitalist, corporatized, militarized society. The situations people were in had more to do with the oppressive and exploitative corporate, media, criminal and military systems that are depicted as "normal" in the films. The emphasis on individual choice masks the systemic oppression that creates the "evil" from which Spider-Man—the young, white, superhero male—must rescue and protect the vulneable masses.

A. oppositional reading of the movie B. dominant reading of the movie C. contested reading of the movie D. negotiated reading of the movie Answer:

In Iran today, where more than two thirds of the population is under the age of 30, U.S. popular culture and messages are very alluring. Adaption by youth of cultural practices and values expressed through music, movies, and fashion from the United States and the West illustrates the tendency toward ________________ as a result of global integration.

A. participatory media B. cultural imperialism C. cultural corruption D. cultural homogenization Answer:

Eric and Michael have been in a romantic relationship for the past 10 years. Since their State does not allow same-sex marriage, they have come to develop their own definition of family and what it means to be in a committed relationship. This is an example of _____________.

A. sexual orientation. B. intercultural praxis. C. relational culture/identity. D. interfaith relationship. Answer: C

When Marlon witnessed a conflict between Korean American business owners and African American residents in the neighborhood, he paid attention to how the conflict is shaped by intergroup prejudice and ethnocentrism rooted in the history of the neighborhood. Marlon is using __________.

A. standpoint theory. B. mesoframe analysis of conflict. C. microframe analysis of conflict. D. macroframe analysis of conflict. Answer: B

The Just Do It! Boycott Nike Now campaign is an example of __________________.

A. supporting underpaid workers by buying products from major brands. B. taking informed action in refusing to consume media and popular culture that dehumanize groups of people. C. supporting mainstream corporations who create positive social change. D. decoding hegemonic readings of popular culture texts. Answer: B

Empathy refers to ________.

A. the ability to share opinions and thoughts of others even when you disagree with them. B. the ability to share the pain of others and the capacity to know the emotional experience of others from within their frame of reference. C. the ability to communicate one's own feelings and emotions clearly to others. D. the ability to emotionally connect with others. Answer: B

Today, financial buildings are the highest and often most prominent buildings in metropolitan areas around the world. This indicates that _________.

A. the way cultures use space communicates power and signify access to resources. B. space is rarely used to signify power and control. C. financial buildings communicate meaning only about economic transactions. D. cultural space only pertains to low-income neighborhoods. Answer: A

We can say that hip-hop cultural space is polysemic because ___________.

A. there is only one meaning attached to hip-hop cultural space. B. many people share the same meaning about hip-hop cultural space. C. there is no real hip-hop cultural space. D. multiple and often competing meanings are associated with hip-hop cultural space. Answer: D

Managing ambiguity in intercultural communication means _________.

A. to have the willingness to accept uncertainty and unknown situations. B. to make a clear distinction between the good and the bad. C. to make a decisive judgment on situations. D. to make everything clear and straightforward. Answer: A