CNA 170 | Ch 9, Design for Wireless Networking

A. Areas of RF interference C. Access point locations

A main objective of a WLAN site survey is to determine ________________ and _____________. A. Areas of RF interference B. Applications to be used C. Access point locations D. Wiring closet locations E. Security implementations

A. RF

A spectrum analyzer can be used to view what? A. RF B. Wireless packets C. Data rates D. Association frames

C. Predictive

A type of site survey that is software-based, requires minimum time on site, and takes into consideration the attenuation value of materials such as the type of walls and doors is. A. Active B. Passive C. Predictive D. Optional

Wireless Access Points Wireless Client Device Portable Battery/Extension Cords Temporary mounting hardware Measuring tape or wheel Digital Camera Writing utensil Ladders or Lifts. Various Antennas (If required) Spectrum Analyzer (optional) Movable Cart (maybe) For best results, APs or devices must match with what will be deployed in actuality.

A variety of items might be included in a wireless site survey kit. Name at least four items a survey kit might have.

processes procedures

A wireless RF site survey is a combination of _______________ and _____________ used to create a WLAN design.

802.3af

All manufacturers of enterprise dual-band IEEE 802.11n wireless access points claim their equipment will operate with standard ________ power.

Voice over Wireless LAN (VoWLAN)

Although not bandwidth-intensive, a ______ application may also have an impact on the number of access points because of the type of wireless traffic that is sent and received.

active site survey

An _______________________ consists of a survey device, such as a notebook computer, associating to an access point prior to taking readings and collecting the data.

A. Channels 1 and 1 Co-channel interference is caused by two access points operating on the same RF channel. 1+2 could cause adjacent channel interference, and none of the others will cause any interference as they are operating on non-overlapping channels.

Co-channel interference is caused by access points on _________________. A. Channels 1 and 1 B. Channels 1 and 2 C. Channels 1 and 6 D. Channels 1, 6, and 11

channel architecture

In wireless technology, _________________ is the design, layout, or channel plan in use.

B. Microwave ovens D. Cordless phones

Non-Wi-Fi interference for an 802.11g/n network can be caused by __________ and ______________. A. AM radios B. Microwave ovens C. 802.11b networks D. Cordless phones E. Radar systems F. Digital TV systems

Microwave ovens Cordless phones medical equipment Manufacturing or industrial equipment Wireless video cameras Radar systems (5 GHz bands) There are many others, just some examples from the book.

Non-Wi-Fi interference in the ISM band can be caused by a number of devices. Name at least three of these.

D. Yagi

When considering the use of antennas for WLAN deployment during a site survey, which antenna could be tested to verify proper coverage for a long hallway or corridor? A. High-gain omnidirectional B. Low-gain omnidirectional C. Parabolic dish D. Yagi

D. Document the areas on the floor plans or blueprints.

When performing a manual site survey, choose the best way to identify areas that lack RF coverage. A. Mark them with tape so that they can be located at a later time. B. Use a camera to take a photograph and document it in the report. C. Show the site manager the areas that lack coverage. D. Document the areas on the floor plans or blueprints.

100 meters (328 feet)

When using twisted-pair Ethernet cabling, the access point must be within _________ of the wiring closet.

A. Walk-through of location E. Spectrum analysis

Which guidelines are recommended when performing a manual site survey? (Choose two.) A. Walk-through of location B. Predictive analysis C. Equipment purchase D. Client device configuration E. Spectrum analysis

Multiple-channel architecture (MCA)

Which type of installation will use access points set to different RF channels to avoid overlapping channel interference?

FHSS 2.4

Which type of network that can cause Wi-Fi interference is now considered obsolete for 802.11?

VHT-OFDM 5 GHz

Which type of network will cause Wi-Fi interference for 802.11ac?

HT-OFDM 2.4 and 5 GHz

Which type of network will cause Wi-Fi interference for 802.11n?

Passive site survey

Which type of site survey does not require an IEEE 802.11 authentication and association to an access point? Additionally, no traffic is passed between the survey station and the access point with this type of survey.

infrastructure ad hoc

Wi-Fi devices that cause interference can be operating in either ______________mode or ______ mode.

received signal strength Indicator (RSSI)

Wireless client devices use what is known as the ____ to show the amount of power received from a transmission.

attenuation

With predictive modeling, the program simulates the RF propagation from access points by using ____________ properties of various structural components, and provides a coverage map based on the information that was input into the program.

C. -67 dBm

You are a network consultant hired to perform a manual site survey for a small office building. The wireless network to be installed will use data and voice. For backward compatibility, the customer needs to support 2.4 GHz equipment. To provide the highest QoS for the voice application, you recommend that the received signal strength be a minimum of ________ for a data rate of 54 mbps. A. -20 dBm B. -25 dBm C. -67 dBm D. -76 dBm

RF

Some manufacturers of wireless network equipment integrate spectrum analyzer tools into devices such as wireless access points or WLAN controllers for constant monitoring of __.

Internet-Based Site Survey Program Aerohive Wi-Fi Planner Meraki WiFi Mapper WLAN Coverage Estimator

Some manufacturers of wireless network equipment offer Internet- or web-based predictive modeling wireless site survey programs. Name at least two of these programs.

Streaming video computer-aided design (CAD) database programs

Some software applications are very bandwidth intensive and will require more resources than others to perform effectively as designed. Examples of these applications are ___________, ___, and ___________________.

Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) (Labeled Industrial, Medical, and Scientific (page 378) which would be IMS, but it is ISM. Thought this was odd and worth mentioning)

Sources of interference from the ___ communities will also affect the amount of interference wireless networks receive.

signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)

The ___ is the difference between the received signal and the noise floor.

hybrid method

The _________________ combines both the physical manual site survey and the predictive model site survey. This method can give "the best of both worlds" and enables the surveyor to check the physical installation location, make notes, place an access point to take signal readings in key areas, and get some spectrum analysis data.

dead spots

The ability to analyze the RF allows a site surveyor to find areas that lack coverage, also known as _____________, as well as interference caused by other devices and other IEEE 802.11 wireless networks that operate in the same RF range.

signal strength SNR

The information recorded and documented during a manual site survey will depend on the surveyor but the most common things included are ______________ and ___.

Customer requirement analysis RF interference source analysis RF coverage analysis Device capacity and application analysis Infrastructure device placement and configuration information

The main content of site survey report should include a number of invaluable pieces of information. Name at least two of these categories.

protocol analyzer

The main goals of any ____________________ are to troubleshoot network problems, gather information about security issues, and optimize the network's performance.

A. Passive C. Active

The manual site survey consists of which possible methods? (Choose two.) A. Passive B. Scanning C. Active D. Spectrum E. Packet

license-free radio

The spectrum analyzers that are designed specifically for the wireless market usually work only in the __________________ bands. They are typically less expensive because of spectrum limitations.

stacking, spanning, blanketing (only the first of these is given a definition. Figured this show go into the quizlet, but it's stupid to say we "should know" these and then give no explanation on them)

There are a few terms you should know with respect to SCA: __________, ___________, and _____________. They all refer to a means of adding capacity in an SCA network.

Access points Ad hoc networks wireless bridges mesh networks Client devices

There are a number of devices an analyzer is able to locate and identify, name at least three of these.

toolkit

To perform a manual site survey, you need a ________ containing essential components. These vary in complexity and cost.

True. Includes 2.4 GHz ISM and the 5 GHz U-NII bands.

True or False? A spectrum analyzer used with IEEE 802.11 wireless networking can be limited to the specific RF bands used with wireless networking.

True.

True or False? Although there are no set rules about when or how wireless site surveys should be performed, many manufacturers suggest guidelines based on the deployment scenarios for wireless networks using their equipment.

False. They may require smaller RF cells.

True or False? Higher density and wireless networks that support BYOD may require larger RF cells and additional wireless access points in order to offer adequate performance for the number of connected devices.

True.

True or False? If a software program is used when doing a manual site survey, both an electronic version of the floor plan and a paper printout are necessary.

True

True or False? In order to take advantage of newer technology such as IEEE 802.11ac, infrastructure support for the 5 GHz band is mandatory.

False. Multiple-channel architecture is most commonly used.

True or False? Most wireless network deployments today use single-channel architecture (SCA).

True.

True or False? Not too long ago, the manual process was the only way to perform a wireless site survey.

True. The controller will determine which APs can transmit simultaneously based on devices in the area

True or False? When using a SCA employment, not all access points are transmitting at the same time.

False. This is only possible and inexpensive for small-scale surveys/deployments.

True or False? medium-scale manual site surveys can be performed inexpensively by using a wireless client adapter with site survey functionality, one of several freeware/shareware utilities, or commercial software designed specifically for this type of application.

Manufactuers Berkeley Varitronics Systems MetaGreek NetScout Savvius TamoSoft Product Yellowjacket-Band Wi-Fi Analyzer (B) Eye P.A. (M) Snifer (N) WiFi Analyzer (N) OmniPeek (S) CommView for WiFi (T)

Variations of analyzers are available in the market today. Name two of the manufactures and two products that are available in the market today.

Accurate because based off actual readings. Characteristics (attenuation values) of the building are physically tested. Allows verification of actual RF signal coverage and interference. Allows marking exact installation locations of infrastructure hardware while onsite.

What are some advantages of the manual site survey process? (Name two)

Can be time consuming. Usually only one access point is used for testing, so readings will need to be merged. Requires a physical walk-through of entire location. Many areas require an escort and special clearances for access.

What are some disadvantages of the manual site survey process? (Name two)

In what RF range will the wireless network operate? Are there any existing networks sharing the RF space? Will all or past of the existing network be used? What effect will neighboring networks have on this one?

What are some questions you should ask when performing a wireless site survey? (Name at least two)

802.3af and 802.3at

What are the two types of PoE that may be required? (name both)

A. Spectrum analyzer B. Passive scanning utility

What devices, tools, or programs can be used in a manual site survey? (Choose two.) A. Spectrum analyzer B. Passive scanning utility C. Predictive site analyzer D. Association analyzer E. Authentication analyzer

The results of the survey are only as accurate as the information input into the program. Put garbage in, and you'll get garbage results.

What does "garbage in, garbage out" mean in regards to predictive modeling?

Review a floor plan or blueprint of the location being surveyd

What is the first step in a manual site survey?

To provide adequate RF coverage

What is the main goal for early WLAN deployments?

50%

What is the recommended output power level that access points should be set at during a site survey?

Instrumentation spectrum analyzer

A calibrated device that has the capability to view entire radio spectrums.

wiring closet

A _______________ is a room containing electrical power and cabling for voice and data and that is terminated and connected to infrastructure devices, such as switches and routers. In most cases, these locations are noted on the floor plan or blueprint documents, but that may not always be the case, and you will need to find them if they are not noted.

passive site survey

A _________________ consists of monitoring the air and recording the RF information from all wireless access points and wireless client stations or devices in the "hearing range" of the surveying station, and includes RF information from your own and neighboring devices.

protocol analyzer.

A ___________________ allows a network administrator or engineer to view all wireless frames that are traversing across the air within the hearing range of the analysis device.

manual site survey

A _______________________ requires a physical walk-through of the area, recording information to determine the performance of clients and devices that will be connected to the wireless network.

predictive modeling site survey

A ___________________________ is a software-based site survey in which a floor plan (map) or drawing of the area to be surveyed is imported into a software program.

FHSS DSSS

Depending on the manufacturer, 2.4 GHz cordless phones may use either ____ or ____.

2.4 GHz ISM

Devices that interfere with wireless networks typically operate in the unlicensed radio spectrum _____________ band.

one-time

Early WLAN deployments in many cases require only a ________ site survey. This is because wireless networking technology was is static and the RF dynamics of the location in which these networks are installed does not change.

Which technology is currently in use, a, b/g, n, or ac? How many wireless devices and users does it support? Where are the existing access points at? Are the existing points and antennas installed properly? What is the network used for?

If an existing IEEE 802.11 wireless network is in place, it needs to be addressed as part of the site survey process, and questions regarding it need to be asked. List at least two of the questions that need to be asked.

20 dB -90 dBm -(-110) dBm = 20 dB

If you have a received signal of -90 dBm and a noise floor of -110 dBm, what is the SNR?

site survey lite

In a situation where a small business is looking to implement a hot spot for it's patrons, your typical full site survey might not be necessary, but instead a __________________ could be done instead.

stacking

In a three-story building, each floor in the building may be assigned a channel to use; with SCA architecture, this is known as ___________.

received signal strength indicator (RSSI)

In wireless network technology, the ____ value is an arbitrary number assigned by the device manufacturer. There is no standard for this value, and it will not be comparable between devices from different manufacturers.

No. It is however usually required in medium-large installations.

Is PoE required in small installations?

Yes.

Is wireless transition (roaming) required in networks that will be using Wi-Fi-capable voice handsets?

plenum-rated (fire-retardant)

It is important to be aware of the fact that some fire codes may require ______________ cable and devices in certain places where wireless networks will be installed.

real-time

Like voice, ________ video is subject to latency and may involve special design requirements. This type of video over a wireless connection is used in applications ranging from sports venues to security surveillance and monitoring.

Software-assisted manual site survey

Manual site surveys can also be accomplished with the aid of additional software programs designed specifically for the process. This is called a __________________________________

PoS = Semi+Omni Health Care = Semi+Omni Government and Military = Semi+Highly Education = Semi+Omni Public Access etc.. = Semi+Omni+Highly

Match the environment to the type of antenna(s) it will most likely use in a deployment. Some answers may be used multiple times, and some environments may require multiple answers. Retail/Point-of-Sale Health Care and Medical Government and Military Education Public Access, Hotspot, Hospitality Semi-directional Highly-directional Omni-directional

Power over Ethernet (PoE)

Most access points are powered using ___.

special device driver(s)

Most wireless protocol analyzers require the use of certain network adapters and, in many cases, a _______________________.

FHSS DSSS ERP-OFDM OFDM HT-OFDM VHT-OFDM

Name at least three network types that will cause Wi-Fi interference.

Requires limited time on site Does not require a physical walk-through, though a visit is recommended. Allows fo easy adjustment of access point locations/settings Can model different scenarios

Name two advantages of predictive modeling.

Stand-alone Site Survey Program AirMagnet Survey/Planner BV Systems Swarm Ekahau Site Survey TamoGraph Site Survey VisiWave - AZO Tech

Name two common stand-alone programs for predictive modeling or manual site surveys available on the market today.

Surveyor may be unfamiliar with location's physical traits. Accuracy is limited to data input into the program. Requires an extensive knowledge of physical traits of the deployment site, including attenuation values.

Name two disadvantages of predictive modeling.

AirMagnet Spectrum XT BumbleBee Handheld Extreme Networks AirDefense Wi-Spy by Metageek

Name two manufacturers of wireless network spectrum analyzers.

offline analysis

Once all the testing for a survey has been completed, it is necessary to perform an ________________ to determine the final placement of access points or other infrastructure devices that may be used in the wireless deployment.

post-deployment validation site survey.

Regardless of which survey method is used for the RF wireless site survey, you should conduct a final _____________________________________. This type of survey may be time consuming on a large facility, but it will give you not only a footprint of RF coverage but also a baseline for ongoing monitoring and troubleshooting.

D. The channel plan should take all three floors into consideration.

You are a network engineer tasked with performing a site survey for a multiple-channel architecture (MCA) system in a three-story building. Which characteristic must be considered while performing a site survey? A. All omnidirectional antennas should be vertically polarized. B. Multiple floors require the same channel. C. Each floor should be treated as an individual site survey. D. The channel plan should take all three floors into consideration.

B. OFDM (Packet binary convolutional code (PBCC) is an optional error protection code mentioned only once in the entire book on page 46. It never states it could cause WiFi interference and I can't find anything online to support that it could either This is an end of chapter review question, but just wanted to note that it sucks.)

You are performing a protocol analysis in order to determine potential interference from other WLANs in the immediate area of the site survey. You discover several WLANs that can potentially cause interference with the proposed installation. Which technology in use would not have an impact on the 802.11g/n wireless network you are surveying for? A. FHSS B. OFDM C. DSSS D. ERP-OFDM E. PBCC

A. Signal strength B. SNR

You are using a wireless client adapter with a site survey utility and a notebook computer to perform a manual site survey in a very small office building. Which values are important to record to verify proper RF coverage for the location? (Choose two.) A. Signal strength B. SNR C. Packet retries D. Signal loss E. Propagation loss

B. Configure the access points to operate in the 5 GHz band.

You have been hired by a company to perform a WLAN site survey in a multitenant building. You discover numerous access points on channels 1, 6, and 11. To optimize the new deployment, what recommendation could you make to the customer? Assume that all new hardware will be purchased and backward compatibility is not required. A. Configure the access points to automatic channel selection for the 2.4 GHz ISM band. B. Configure the access points to operate in the 5 GHz band. C. Perform a spectrum analysis to find space in the 2.4 GHz band. D. Perform a predictive modeling site survey to determine which channels to use.

C. Accuracy

You have been hired by a company to perform a manual site survey. When explaining the difference between a manual and predictive modeling site survey, you let the customer know the advantages and disadvantages of each. A manual site survey has which advantage? A. Speed B. No hardware required C. Accuracy D. Facility access not required

D. Correct antenna selection

You need to perform a site survey for a small real estate office that currently has no wireless network. Which factors must be considered as part of the site survey? A. Spectrum analysis B. Packet analysis C. Environmental conditions D. Correct antenna selection

2.4 GHz DSSS

Zigbee devices operate in the _________ band and use _____ technology for communication.

Single-channel architecture (SCA)

___ allows all access points to communicate on the same RF channel. The controller that the access points are connected to manages these access points and helps to avoid co-channel interference.

Bring your own device (BYOD)

____ describes the recent increase in company employees using their own personal IEEE 802.11-capable mobile devices, such as smartphones and tablets, to their place of work and using these devices to access company resources, including the Internet, printers, software applications, and file servers.

Co-channel

______________ interference is a performance condition that occurs when two or more independently coordinated access point radios are providing RF coverage to the same physical area using the same 802.11 channel.

Adjacent channel

_______________ interference is a performance condition that occurs when two or more access point radios are providing RF coverage to the same physical area using overlapping frequencies.

RF spectrum analysis

__________________________ allows a site surveyor to view areas of RF coverage as well as interference sources and non-IEEE 802.11 wireless devices.