Cog psych unit a

Which of the following is a criticism of analytic introspection?

It produces variable results from person to person.

The use of the term "artificial intelligence" was coined by

John McCarthy.

Suppose you are in your kitchen writing a grocery list, while your roommate is watching TV in the next room. A commercial for spaghetti sauce comes on TV. Although you are not paying attention to the TV, you "suddenly" remember that you need to pick up spaghetti sauce and add it to the list. Your behavior is best predicted by which of the following models of attention?

Late selection

Recordings from single neurons are conducted using which of these pieces of equipment?

Microelectrode

John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

observable behavior.

The "textured wall" example from your text illustrates

the light-from-above heuristic.

Which of the following methods, often associated with structuralism, was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt?

Analytic introspection

Which of the following neural components is NOT found at the receiving end of neurons?

Axon

"Every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible" refers to which Gestalt law?

Good figure

Amhad is doing an experiment in which he has to choose between the object he has been shown previously (the target object) and another object. Choosing the target object will result in a reward. What sort of task is Amhad doing?

Object discrimination problem

Posner and coworkers (1978) deduced which of the following from their research?

People move their attention from one place to another.

In the filter model of attention, the stages of information processing occur in which order?

Sensory store, filter, detector, short-term memory

In the text's use of the Olympic Rings example, which Gestalt law contributes to the correct perception of five interlocking circles?

Simplicity

Which experimental result caused problems for Broadbent's filter model of selective attention?

The result of the "Dear Aunt Jane" experiment

Which of the following stimuli were used in Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiment discussed in your text?

Three-letter nonsense words

Imagine that U.S. lawmakers are considering changing the driving laws and that you have been consulted as an attention expert. Given the principles of divided attention, in which of the following conditions would a person have the most difficulty with driving and therefore pose the biggest safety risk on the road?

When the person is driving an unfamiliar vehicle that is more difficult to operate

The field that studies how to make machines behave in ways that are intelligent if a human were so behaving is known as

artificial intelligence.

Your author points out that studying the mind requires both ________ and ________ experiments.

behavioral; physiological

Illusory conjunctions are

combinations of features from different stimuli.

When conducting an experiment on how stimuli are represented by the firing of neurons, you notice that neurons respond differently to different faces. For example, Arthur's face causes three neurons to fire, with neuron 1 responding the most and neuron 3 responding the least. Roger's face causes three different neurons to fire, with neuron 7 responding the least and neuron 9 responding the most. Your results support ____ coding.

distributed

The idea that specific cognitive functions activate many areas of the brain is known as

distributed processing.

When recording from a single neuron, stimulus intensity is represented in a single neuron by the

firing rate of the action potentials.

You are walking down the street and see a really nice car drive by. You notice many features of it: its color, movement, shape, location, and so forth. All of these features are processed

in different parts of the brain.

Viewpoint ________ is the ability to recognize the same object even if it is seen from different perspectives.

invariance

Scene schema is

knowledge about what is contained in a typical scene

Barbara has recently been diagnosed with a rather aggressive form of abdominal cancer. Her oncologist is interested in determining the best way to treat her so that the tumors can be eliminated. Her gastroenterologist is focused on relieving her symptoms and giving her normal digestive functioning. Barbara is also seeing a psychologist, whose goal is to help her stay calm, relaxed, and keep her anxiety as minimal as possible while keeping her spirits up. The fact that these doctors are considering Barbara's situation with different goals and from different perspectives is similar to the idea of ________ presented in your textbook.

levels of analysis

By comparing reaction times across different tasks, Donders was able to conclude how long the mind needs to perform a certain cognitive task. Donders interpreted the difference in reaction time between the simple and choice conditions of his experiment as indicating how long it took to

make a decision about the stimulus.

Damage to the temporal lobe makes the _____ more difficult.

object discrimination problem

People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the

oblique effect.

Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listen to two messages simultaneously, one in each ear, found all but which of the following?

people can focus on one message and ignore the other one.

The process by which small objects become perceptually grouped to form larger objects is the principle of

perceptual organization.

Ebbinghaus's "memory" experiments were important because they

plotted functions that described the operation of the mind.

An early model of memory indicates that incoming information is first handled by "sensory" memory, is then moved to "short term" memory, and finally is pushed into "long-term" memory. This model, proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968, is an example of a(n) ________ model.

process

The fusiform face area (FFA) in the brain is often damaged in patients with

prosopagnosia

You are at a parade where there are a number of marching bands. You perceive the bands that are all in the same uniforms as being grouped together. The red uniforms are one band, the green uniforms another, and so forth. You have this perceptual experience because of the law of

similarity.

The idea of a grandmother cell is consistent with

specificity coding.

According to your text, the ability to divide attention depends on all of the following EXCEPT

task cueing.

Broadbent's model is called an early selection model because

the filtering step occurs before the information enters the sensory store.

Maria took a drink from a container marked "milk." Surprised, she quickly spit out the liquid because it turned out the container was filled with orange juice instead. Maria likes orange juice, so why did she have such a negative reaction to it? Her response was most affected by

top-down processing.

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when

tthe color and the name differed.