cognition review

When someone mentions hamburgers, Trisha immediately thinks of McDonald's. In this instance, McDonald's is a

prototype

After two minutes of exposure to an unbroken monotone string of nonsense syllables, 8-month-old infants could recognize three-syllable sequences that appeared repeatedly. This best illustrates the importance of ________ in language development.

statistical learning

Whorf's linguistic determinism hypothesis emphasizes that

words shape the way people think.

A single, memorable case of welfare fraud has a greater impact on estimates of the frequency of welfare abuse than do statistics showing that this case is actually the exception to the rule. This illustrates that judgments are influenced by the

availability heuristic.

It is very difficult to get someone to change his or her unrealistically negative self-image. This best illustrates the importance of

belief perseverance.

A prototype is a

best example of a particular category.

Jahmal cites his cousin Luana's many car accidents as evidence that women are worse drivers than men. He overlooks the fact that his wife and three daughters have had far fewer car accidents than he and his two sons. Jahmal's prejudicial conclusion about women's driving skills best illustrates the effects of

confirmation bias.

Generating the single correct answer to an intelligence test question illustrates

convergent thinking

Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task Daniel would rely on

divergent thinking.

Generating multiple possible answers to a problem illustrates

divergent thinking.

Whenever Arlo reminded himself that his musical skills could earn him fame and fortune, he became less creative in his musical performance. This best illustrates that creativity may be inhibited by

extrinsic motivation

After spending two hours trying to solve an engineering problem, Amira finally gave up. As she was trying to fall asleep that night, a solution to the problem popped into her head. Amira's experience best illustrates

insight

The beginning of babies' receptive language development is best illustrated by their capacity to

match another person's distinctive mouth movements with the appropriate sounds.

Ashelle's car would not start. To find the problem she decided to go alphabetically through the repair checklist of all possible reasons the car will not start. Ashelle's strategy best demonstrates

an algorithm.

Noam Chomsky has emphasized that the acquisition of language by children is facilitated by

an inborn readiness to learn grammatical rules.

Lavonne was careful to avoid the use of dangling participles and run-on sentences in her essay because she did not want to lose points for faulty

idk dawg

The representativeness heuristic refers to our tendency to

judge the likelihood of category membership by how closely an object or event resembles a particular prototype.

Spoken, written, or signed words and the ways they are combined to communicate meaning constitute

language.

In the words "helped" and "called," the "ed" ending is a(n)

morpheme.

After taking two years of college economics courses, Lionel thinks he knows enough about business to become a millionaire. Lionel should become more aware of

overconfidence

By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by a fire, insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling large homeowners' policies. They are most clearly exploiting the influence of

the availability heuristic.

Ojinska sold many more raffle tickets when she told potential buyers they had a 10 percent chance of winning a prize than when she told them they had a 90 percent chance of not winning. This best illustrates

the framing effect.

Leland's language does not distinguish between "family love" and "romantic love," so he has difficulty realizing that he deeply loves his sister. Which of the following is most relevant to Leland's difficulty?

the linguistic determinism hypothesis

Miss Jan De Jong is orderly, neat, fairly quiet, and shy. She enjoys reading in her spare time and belongs to a social club that includes three librarians, nine real estate agents, and eight social workers. A tendency to conclude that Jan must be one of the three librarians would illustrate the powerful influence of

the representativeness heuristic.