Cognitive Evaluation Theory, Individual Effects on Motivation
What is the focus of personality psychology?
The focus is on how individual differences affect our thoughts, our feelings, our behavior,
The causality orientations are a function of...
They are a function of exposure to different environments over the course of development Autonomy orientation people were likely exposed to need supportive environment Controlled orientation likely exposed to controlling environments Impersonal likely exposed to amotivating environments
Focus of Causality Orientations Theory
To predict motivational outcomes as a function of personality dimensions/ individual differences
Outcomes associated with informational internal events
We experience behavioral persistence We maintain our sense of autonomy and our experience of intrinsic motivation We experience high quality of behavioral performance We experience positive emotions (interest, excitement)
Different levels of analysis: Motivation states - Amotivated State
We lack the psychological energy to regulate our behavior and emotions Lack experiences of intentionality and competence You feel overwhelmed
Outcomes associated with Amotivating/Disregulating Internal Events
You do nothing, experience passivity If you behave you behave in a half-hearted way
Component of Controlling Internal Events: Objective Self-awareness
You view yourself the way you think others view you, you view yourself as an object There is a separation between the person and the self. we encourage the person to push around the self as an object of control and manipulation There is a sense of unhappiness, pressure, anxiety
Component of Controlling Internal Events: Ego involvement
Your self worth is a function of your performance Arose from social psychology
Component of Controlling Internal Events: Contingent Self-esteem
Your sense of self worth depends on how you do on an outcome of some external to you Arose from personality psychology
Causality Orientations Theory: 3 different types of orientation
Autonomy Causality Orientation Controlled Causality Orientation Impersonal Causality Orientation
Different levels of analysis: Social Contexts
Autonomy Supportive Controlling Amotivating
What is involved in informational internal events?
Choice Acknowledgement of one's own feelings
What is involved in controlling internal events?
Ego involvement Contingent self-esteem Objective self-awareness
Social and personality factors predicting motivation
Events/ social contexts that are informational as well as the autonomy causality orientation facilitate self-determined/autonomous motivation Events/social contexts that are controlling as well as the controlling causality orientation facilitate controlled motivation Events/social contexts that are amotivating as well as the impersonal causality orientation facilitate amotivation
Causality Orientations: Autonomy Causality Orientation - Components
Experience choice and flexibility within ourselves Volitional action through reflective self-endorsement Outcomes involve positive relationship to self-esteem and ego development. Engage the world in an active, interested way
Causality Orientations: Controlling Causality Orientation - Compenents
Experience pressure and internal rigidity Outcomes involve there being a rift between who we are and our behavior Positive correlation with Type A personalities, Achievement oriented people Positive correlation with objective self-awareness Negative relation with ego development and self-actualization. We don't allow ourselves to grow, there is a pressure to live a certain way Positive relation with social anxiety
Causality Orientations: Impersonal Causality Orientation - Compenents
General lack of intention and feeling of ineffectiveness Positive relation with self derogation Positive relation with eating disorders Positive relation with social anxiety Negatively associated with self-esteem, ego development, and actualization
What are some examples of relevant research in social psychology?
How rewards undermine intrinsic motivation and in terror management theory how awareness of mortality affects us
Causality Orientations Theory
Individual differences in motivational orientations exist and we can begin to conceptualize people and their personality as an individual difference in their motivation orientation
Different levels of analysis: Specific Events
Informational Controlling Amotivating
What are the three types of internal events
Informational internal events Controlling internal events Amotivating internal events/internally disregulating events
Internal initiating events why do they matter?
Internal events are the most proximal initiating events in behavior Behavior is often initiated by thoughts and feelings rather than by specific external events in the environment
What is the focus of social psychology?
It focuses on how the social environment affects our thoughts, our feelings, our behavior, and our motivation.
Which is easier to identify how others control you? or to identify how you control yourself?
It is easier to identify how others control us it is harder to identify how we control ourselves
Different levels of analysis
Motivation States Specific Events Social Contexts
Relationship between Motivation states, specific events, and social contexts
Motivation states are affected by specific events Motivation states are also affected by social contexts
Different levels of analysis: Motivation States
Self-determined Controlled Amotivated
What is involved in Amotivating/Disregulating Internal Events
Self-disparagement
Some ways in which you control yourself
Set high standards for yourself compare yourself to others
What are some examples of relevant research in personality psychology?
Some people having an autonomy -causality orientation and these people are less likely to have their motivation undermined In terrorr management those who are more aware react less defensive towards mortality salience
How often do you behave in direct response to a specific external event?
Sometimes but not too often much more of the time the behavior, feelings, and thoughts are a result of internal processes going on inside of you.