Cognitive Pysch Test 4
Of the following real-world phenomena, the confirmation bias best explains the observation that people
can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side
the best description of the purpose of think aloud protocols is that they are used to determine
what information a person is attending to while solving a problem
people tend to overestimate
what negative feelings will occur following a decision more so than positive feelings.
Which of the following is not influenced by meaning
word frequency effect
Swinney did an experiment in which he presented participants with the sentence, "The man was not surprised to find several spiders, roaches, and other bugs in the corner of the room." He found that immediately after hearing the word "bug," the participants accessed
Both the insect and hidden listening device, meaning of the word
Which property listed below makes human language unique
Creativity
An experiment on the phonemic restoration effect would most likely include
an extraneous cough
Captain Ahab wanting to kill the whale. He cursed at it. These two sentences taken together provide an example of a
anaphoric inference
a psycholinguist conducts an experiment with a group of participants from a small village in Asia and another from a small village in South America. They speak very different languages with very different features. She asked the groups to describe the bands of color they saw in a rainbow and found they reported the same number of bands as their language possessed primary color words. These results
contradict the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
In the lexical decision task, particpants are asked to
decide whether a string of letters is a word or a non-word
Brain imaging studies reveal that semantics and syntax are associated with -- brain mechanisms
different
a general education science class at dartmouth requires students to design and build a useful product. this task requires primarily
divergent thinking
experts solve problems based on
domain-specific strategies
experts categorize problems based on
general principles that the problems share
an observational researcher observes chimps in their natural setting, and based upon the evidence tries to form a general conclusion. this researcher is using mostly what kind of logic
induction
most of the coherence in the text is created by
inference
Judgements about warmth in problem solving are mostly used to determine if a task involves
insight
In the two-string problem, tying the pliers to one of the strings best represents a(n) ____ state.
intermediate
When we look at a record of the physical energy produced by conversational speech, we see that the speech signal
is continuous
the analogical paradox refers to problem solving differences between
laboratory and real world settings
in belilock and carrs study of relationships between working memory capacity and problem solving, individuals with high working memory capacity performed best in the -- condition
low pressure
if the questions on this test are considered to be ill-defined, this would mean
many people cannot understand the question
Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?
noticing that there is an analogous relationship between problems because most participants need prompting before they notice a connection
inductive reasoning involves
observational premises
actions that take the problem from one state to another are known as
operators
by using a -- a country could increase the percentage of individuals agreeing to be organ donors dramatically
opt out procedure
gestalt psychologists consider problem solving as process involving
restructuring
which concept below is most closely associated with the evolutionary perspective to solving the wason four card problem
social exchange theory
Yoda, a central character of the Star Wars movies created by George Lucas, has a distinctive way of speaking. His statement, "Afraid you will be," violates which property of the English language?
syntactics
omission bias involves
tending to do nothing rather than making a decision that could be interpreted as causing harm
janet is a high schooler from a rural, mostly white community. while watching basketball on tv, she notices that many of the best players are tall, african americans. she concludes that blacks are taller than whites. janet's error is best described as
the availability heuristic
according to the text, the key to solving the wason four card problem is
the falsification principle
Tanenhaus and coworkers' eye movement study presented participants with different pictures for interpreting the sentence, "Put the apple on the towel in the box." Their results support
the interactionist approach to parsing
the conjunction rule states that
the probability of two events co occurring is equal to or less than the probabilities of either even occurring alone
all cats are birds all birds have wings all cats have wings
this syllogism is valid