Cold War
What was massive retaliation?
Eisenhower's Cold War policy that the U.S. should threaten to use nuclear weapons on any communist nation that tried to acquire territory by force.
What was the effect of the Iron Curtain Speech?
It encouraged the hostility towards the Soviet Union
What was flexible response?
Kennedy's alternative to Eisenhower's military policy. Used more conventional troops and weapons, including special forces.
What was the effect of the Marshall Plan?
The United States lent money directly to European nations to help them rebuild their economies.
What was the Eisenhower Doctrine?
The United States would use force to help any Middle Eastern nation threatened by communism.
What was the Berlin Blockade?
The blockade was a Soviet attempt to starve out the allies in Berlin in order to gain control. The United States responded by airlifting food and supplies into Berlin.
What was the iron curtain speech?
Winston Churchill's speech when he said that the world is divided by "an iron curtain"
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
a Soviet attempted buildup of nuclear missiles in Cuba that prompted a U.S. response
What was brinkmanship?
willingness to go to the brink, or edge, of war
Who was targeted by the red scare?
Government employees and those in the entertainment industry
What was the Red Scare?
Fear of the spread of communism
What were marketing techniques used by early television executives?
Finding programs that appealed to the most people
What were gender roles like in the 1950s?
Gender roles sort of reverted to what they were before the war. When the men came back Women were forced back into the homes while men took their jobs. They were now "traditional" men are breadwinners and women are homemakers
What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion?
In April 1961, a group of Cuban exiles organized and supported by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency landed on the southern coast of Cuba in an effort to overthrow and remove Fidel Castro as the leader of Cuba.
What was the effect of the Truman Doctrine?
Increased distrust between the USSR and US
What allowed the United States to emerge from World War II as the most powerful nation in the world?
It had both a monopoly on atomic weapons and expanded production capacity.
What was the effect of MacArthur crossing the 38th parallel?
It helped the South Koreans to turn the tide of the war
What was the Truman Doctrine?
It provide aid to anyone who was resisting communism
What was the outcome of the Bay of Pigs invasion?
It was a failure; as a result of the invasion attempt, Cuba strengthened its ties with the USSR, leading to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
What were the goals of the Soviet Union in early Cold War?
Keep control of east Europe and spread communism
What was the reason for the Korean War?
Korean society was was divided after Japanese colonialism. Some Koreans benefited from it but some also suffered because of it creating a divide. The Soviet Union became closer with the North Koreans and after they saw the success of communism in China the soviets encouraged the North Koreans to try and spread communism to South Korea.
What was the New Look Strategy? Why did Eisenhower implement it?
Massive retaliation: if USSR were to attack US allies they would retaliate. Wanted a fiscally conservative and dominant war
What was MAD?
Mutual Assured Destruction. This was the policy during the cold war in which both the US and the soviet union threatened to destroy each others cities in the event of a first strike nuclear attack
What was the outcome of the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Soviets left Cuba; US left Turkey
What was NSC-68?
Stated that the US should quadruple its defense spending. This also showed that the US looked at their economy as limitless
What was the domino theory?
That if one nation fell to communism then all the others would fall like dominos.
What was the Korean War?
The 1950-1953 war caused when communist North Korea invaded anti-communist South Korea
How did federal housing programs discriminate against Americans of color?
They created low cost neighborhoods and sold them for about 8000 dollars. But in the contract there was a clause that said they were not allowed to sell to people of color.
How did the red scare end?
They ended when McCarthy accused the military and the hearing was televised. This included the General being furious after McCarthy said his security clearance was not high enough to see the evidence he was a communist.
What was the soviet reaction to the launch of Sputnik?
They reacted with the launch of another spaceship
What was the purpose of the CIA?
Used to gather information and perform secret operations to stop any threats/national security (used to help find any secret communist spies)
What was the Marshall Plan?
the economic recovery package of aid from the United States to western Europe after World War II
