Colonial Unit 5

To many Americans in the colonial period, these two things were tied together

service to God patriotic defense of liberty

What were the three issues between King Charles I and Parliament that led to the English Civil War?

taxation the army the church

What was the fear among American colonists regarding the concentration of British troops in the American colonies?

that they were there to oppress the colonists

The ____________ ___________ was the first important proposal to conceive of the colonies as a collective whole united under one government.

Albany Plan

Which of the following was a notable colonial agent in London?

Benjamin Franklin

What was the "middle ground"? How did the French and English see it differently? What advantage was it to the Native Americans?

Between the two powers, Native American groups created what has come to be known as the "middle ground," an area in which the powers could trade freely with no fear of control by any other. In this area, trade with the French was especially lucrative since they had little control over their colonial outposts. Although the French government made attempts to tax and regulate trading efforts in this region, independent French trades who often intermarried with native tribes, were able to establish networks that spread far away from the small forts built for this purpose. The British, as they expanded settlements further and further west, were more committed to establishing dominance in the middle ground and thus extend the Empire as far into North America as possible. The tribes that traded there, however, were able to negotiate with the British from a position of strength, since there was a constant fear that any attempt to use force to subdue the tribes would bring the French into an alliance with Native Americans to protect shared interests. A mid-18th century clash of world powers would begin in the middle ground and the attempts to maintain this delicate balance.

The largest population of any of the southern tribes were the

Cherokee

The first trans-Allegheny settlement in Virginia was

Draper's Meadow

How were Native American tribes treated during the colonial era?

During the colonial era, Native American tribes were treated as independent nations and British officials appointed diplomats to negotiate treaties regarding trade, land transfers, and property rights. At conferences, both sides presented gifts to the other to prove friendship and smooth the way into talks regarding whatever issue might need to be discussed. These gifts could consist of trade goods, animals, furs, or special trinkets, but rarely were firearms presented unless the natives were needed to face perceived threats from the French or Spanish.

Where did the British see defeat under General James Abercrombie in 1758?

Fort Ticonderoga

Who was the leader of the expedition that effectively started the French and Indian War when a French envoy was killed?

George Washington

To which Biblical person did Oliver Cromwell compare himself?

Gideon

What was the constitutional crisis facing the British Empire at the close of the French and Indian War?

In short, at the close of the French and Indian War there was a growing constitutional crisis in the British Empire. The American colonies had long been self-governing and the institutions they created were, to them, equal with the British government in London. Their colonial assemblies were the power in the colonies and their right to what they practiced had been established first by colonial charter and reinforced by their rights as Englishmen to make and enforce their own laws. At this point, complete independence was not a fully formed notion. Colonists considered themselves independent in practice with separate representative assemblies, legal systems, and taxation, but they were part of the greater British Empire... an important part that should prompt some small amount of respect from the mother country.

What were the larger effects of Queen Anne's War regarding the American colonies?

In the American colonies, the conflict spread from New England to the South, especially on the borders between English, French, and Spanish territories. Forces under the leadership of South Carolina governor James Moore captured the Spanish town of St. Augustine but failed to capture its fortress Castillo de San Marcos. In 1706, a combined French and Spanish fleet launched an attack on Charleston, but were forced to withdraw under heavy opposition. In the New England backcountry, the Native American allies of the French harassed towns and settlements but were quickly stopped by militia units called out to defend the territory. In spite of several attempts by Queen Anne both sides, the first seven years of the war were largely indecisive.

Most of the earliest backcountry explorations were for the purpose of

Indian trade

After the death of King Charles I, what office was eliminated from the English Government?

King

Dummers War Tuscaroa

Led by Jesuit Slavery in NC

Who was the French commander who led the French during the last days of the French and Indian War?

Louis-Joseph de Montcalm

The first written document that attempted to define the limits of royal authority was

Magna Carta

Why was the issue of Great Britain's debt a concern for the American colonists?

One truth regarding war in universal... it is expensive! It costs a nation in man, money and morale, and it is difficult to make up deficits in any of the three. The same held true for Great Britain over their century of warfare with the Spanish and the French. For many years, the government in London spent far more than they brought in just to keep their government running and their armies in the field. Consistent borrowing to make up these shortfalls meant that by the end of the Seven Years' War in Europe the national debt hit £132,600,000. The interest payments alone on their accumulated war debt from all the colonial wars made up a significant part of the budget.

What were the two valuable lessons the colonists learned in King William's War?

The colonists realized that they must fight back, and several leaders met in one of the first intercolonial conferences in New York City in 1690. Delegates from New York, Massachusetts, and Connecticut voted to take action against the French in Canada and planned to gather a force of over 1,600 colonials and Iroquois to attack across Lake Champlain. The effort was a colossal failure. Most of the promised men failed to arrive, supplies were low and moral lower. After waiting near the lake for some time, the force dispersed toward home. In May of that year there was some good news. A group of New Englanders led by Sir William Phips captured the French seaport of Port Royal. Celebration over the victory was short-lived, however, as the force later tried to take Quebec but after only four days were forced to abandon the effort when French reinforcements arrived and many of the New Englanders were sick from smallpox.

What was the difference between British forces and colonial militia in the French and Indian War?

The differences between the British forces and the colonial militia in the French and Indian War is that the British forces fought much more elegantly than the colonial militia. The colonial militia was not afraid to use Native American tactics in war, such as ambushes and hiding in places such as trees and rivers. The British forces held their formation and did not take part in the same things the militia did. They did however have much more firepower than the militia, better uniforms, more experience, and better weaponry.

How was the economy and society of late colonial America at once the same and yet different from that of England?

The economy in the colonies was similar to England in many ways. It did involve trade and exports of goods that you could not find anywhere else in the world. The colonies had much more agriculture woven into their economy than England did, and less trade. They still had an abundance of things that they exported but the colonies economy was largely based on things that took place in the economy. England relied on trading with other countries to floor their economy, while the colonies kept things primarily to themselves by the order of the King.

What fear did greater social mobility in American create?

The fear of social mobility was a justified one to the Americans. News traveled fast and they did not want anyone hearing about things that they shouldn't hear about, such as the English.

Who was the military leader who attempted to recruit the Iroquois to the side of the British in the early days of the French and Indian War?

William Johnson

The 1752 Treaty of Logstown

allowed the British to construct forts on the Ohio River and settle some of the region

How did the first settlers of colonial America see themselves?

as Britons

The Proclamation Line of 1763 lay where?

at the crest of the Appalachians

Which of the following were guaranteed by the Bill of Rights (1689)?

ban on standing armies Correct! no taxation without consent of Parliament freedom to redress grievances

Why did colonial Americans feel they had the right to settle western lands?

colonial charters granted lands across the continent

Which of the following contributed to unification of the American colonists?

colonial conferences business ties newspapers and printed materials

In the article Neolin's Vision, what did he believe could save the souls of Native Americans?

complete separation from European society

The series of southern Indian wars had what effect

created an atmosphere for tension between colonists and the Cherokee people allowed many tribes to assimilate into the European culture opened up the territory east of the mountains for settlement

What can account for the substantial decline in the Native American population east of the Mississippi during the 17th century?

disease

What was one reason why General Braddock suffered defeat in his attempt to attack Fort Duquesne?

he refused to allow the colonial soldiers to fight in the Indian way

In the American colonies, King William's War was primarily fought

in the New York and New England backcountry

Which of the following is true of the Act of Settlement?

it established limited religious toleration it established that England would always have a Protestant monarch it established regular elections

Why was the "Glorious" Revolution of 1688 important?

it established the sovereignty of Parliament

How much power did Oliver Cromwell hold as Lord Protector?

more than a king

In typical European conflicts British troops were housed in but in the backcountry of America they were typically housed in

public buildings private homes

Tensions between native tribes and New England colonists

pushed most native tribes into a closer relationship with France

The 1701 treaty between the governor of New York and the Iroquois Five Nations

recognized British sovereignty over Ohio territory lands used as hunting grounds the Iroquois agreed to ally themselves with the British in any conflict with the French

After Braddock's defeat, the British began recruiting among what groups?

servants apprentices

What event prevented British preparations for an invasion of Canada?

the Jacobite rebellion in Scotland

By the 18th century, Native Americans of which region posed the greatest threat to the European colonists?

the Ohio territory

Which newspaper printed this cartoon to illustrate the importance of colonial union?

the Pennsylvania Gazette

The colonial "highway" on the Indian Road stretched from New York to

the Shenandoah Valley

Which of the following ended Queen Anne's War but provided the basis for the War of Jenkins' Ear?

the Treaty of Utrecht

What hampered the progress of any large-scale movement into the backcountry?

the geography of North America

Much of the development of a distinct American culture can be attributed to

the growing American economy

Which of the following is true regarding the "Parsons' Cause"?

the king struck down a decision made by the colonial legislature it was one of the first times that an American expressed a concern regarding tyranny and the loss of American liberties it rose because of a dispute regarding Anglican ministers' salaries

The Act of Union (1707) created

the kingdom of Great Britain

When King Charles I signed the Petition of Right, he saw the provisions as being granted from and not .

the monarch the reps of the people