Columbian Exchange: Short and Long Term Effects
Reasons for exploration
1. Columbus wanted to gain wealth and fame 2. Wanted to spread his religion (christianity) 3. Spain wanted to be better than Portugal (rivalry) 4.Find a better trading route with Asia; not through the Middle East
How many voyages did Columbus take to the Americas?
4
The Columbian Exchange describes the trading that happened between what two areas?
Europe and the Americas
Items that came from the New World
Tobacco Cotton Corn Potatoes Quinine Gold/Silver Chocolate
Items that came from the Old World
Diseases Iron-edged tools Plow Cattle Horses Pigs Wheat Rice Sugar Cane
Corn and Potatoes (Short Term)
-Changed diet -Kept people from starvation -Corn fed livestock -Grew in places where other plants couldn't grow in
Quinine (LT)
-Europe could take control over Africa
Tobacco, Cotton, Indigo (Short Term)
-Indigo became popular for dying clothes -Smoking became popular -Cotton was new clothing material
Quinine (Short Term)
-Used to treat malaria
Gold and Silver (Short Term)
-Wealth -Key for exploration -Western colonization -Spain and Portugal became wealthy
Corn and Potatoes (LT)
-became main part in diet -increased population -Irish migration to America due to lack of potates
Gold and Silver (LT)
-led to inflation in Europe and Spain -growth in business -commercial evolution
Horses, cattle, pig, sheep
-made easier to intimidate Natives -animals were domesticated LT: -horses were used for traveling -more money -domesticated animals improved diets and economy
Tobacco, cotton, indigo (LT)
-smoking effected health -increased wealth -increased slavery, because N.A died of diseases, so Europeans -had to enslave Africans in order to keep up with the demand for tobacco, cotton, and indigo
iron-edged tools, plow, wheat, rice
-technology improved farming -wheat and rice became part of diet LT: -supplied food that fed large population -major boom in population
Small pox, influenza, whooping cough, malaria
-wiped out 90% population -easier for Europe to conquer America LT: Africans enslaved
Where did Columbus land?
Caribbean
How did Columbus make his way across the Atlantic?
He head south to the Canary Islands, and then he sailed west to the Americas. Others failed before him because they just sailed west.
Short-term/Long-term Effects
Short-term/Long-term Effects Tobacco- Became Popular/Harmful to health/Led to Slavery of Africans Potatoes-Staple of European Diets/Famine led to immigration to Colonies Gold and Silver-created wealth/reason for exploration Quinine-treatment for malaria/led to colonization of Africa diseases-led to the decline of native population, decreased by 10%/led to enslavement of Africans Wheat and rice-improved new world diets/led to population growth cattle and horses-changed transportation, improved diets
What nation did Columbus sail for?
Spain
What was the first Native tribe that Columbus encountered? How did they treat Columbus?
The Taino. They treated Columbus and their crew respectfully, offering them gifts and providing them with food.
What exchange was harmful to the New World?
The exchange of fatal diseases that the Natives had never been exposed to.
