COM 103 Midterm

what are aspects of a good research plan?

-analyze your topic to decide what you need -let your topic guide your choice of sources -budget enough time into your schedule -use librarians' expertise -identify key terms for your search -make critical evaluation a part of your plan

what actions should you take to be an ethical listener?

-be open minded -be respectful -pay attention -show the speaker your paying attention -comprehensive listening -critical listening -give appropriate feedback

what are the traditional organizational patterns you can use in a speech?

-chronological -spatial -cause/effect -problem/solution -pro/con -topical

what actions should you take to be an ethical speaker?

-develop a habit of research -be honest/fair -practice civility -use dialogical principles (equality, empathy, examination)

what types of supporting information/evidence can you use in a speech?

-facts -statistics -examples -quote culturally acceptable authorities -find compelling comparisons -visual evidence

what should you try to accomplish in your intro?

-gain attention -give your audience a reason to listen -establish your credibility -preview your ideas

what are the 5 canons of rhetoric?

-invention: creation -disposition: organizing -style: suitable language -memory: learning/practicing -delivery: performing

what steps can you take to improve your listening and comprehension?

-prepare in advance -use attention directing strategies -remember your goals -use elaboration strategies -use strategies that complement your learning style -don't get hung up on delivery

what are characteristics of the US communication style?

-problem orientation -directness -explicitness -informality -personal involvement

what techniques can you use to gain listeners' attention in your intro?

-question -vivid description -quotation -visual/audio aid -example -startling numbers -current event -involve the audience physically -humor

what should you try to accomplish in your conclusion?

-signal the ending -review your main ideas -provide psychological closure -end memorably

according to Marten's model, what causes the stress felt by athletes and public speakers?

-stress comes from the uncertainty of the outcome/importance -objective demand, response capability, and perception of consequences

what are some questions you can ask yourself to think critically about what you listen to?

-what is the speakers goal? -is this speaker trustworthy? -does this message make sense? -what will i gain or lose if i adopt these ideas? -what problems, if any, go along with this positions?

about how many main points should you have in a speech?

3

how can you think critically about sources when doing research?

MAP it M - message A - author (of source) P - purpose

what does coordination mean in an outline?

arranging points into levels, giving the points on a specific level the same basic value or weight

power posing

assuming the open and expansive postures associated with powerful people

internal preview

brief in-speech summary that foretells the sub points you'll develop under a main point

code switching

changing from one dialect to another

sign posts

connectives such as first, most importantly, and consequently that links ideas, lends emphasis, and helps listeners keeps their place in the speech

how does culture affect our expectations about public speaking?

different culture have different dialects and different views on problems, so they may expect a speaker to relate to their culture rather than have the audience try to relate to them

explain, "tell them what you're going to say. say it. then tell them what you said."

give them a preview in your intro of your main points, then elaborate on about your points in the body sections, and then in the conclusion repeat the points again to wrap it all up

what is audience analysis?

identifying audience characteristics to communicate more efficiently

primary source

information from a person actually involved in the event

what is fabrication?

making up information or repeating information without sufficiently checking its accuracy

what does subordination mean in an outline?

placement of supporting points under major points

extemporaneous speaking

preparing a speech carefully in advance but choosing the exact wording during the speech itself

rhetorical question

question that listeners answer in their minds

participatory question

question that listeners answer overtly

what is the transactional model of communication?

represents communication as a process in which speakers and listeners work together to create mutual meanings

internal summary

restates the ideas within a point/points

what is an obstacle analysis, and how can it help you prepare a speech?

seeing if any of your info would confuse the listener or barrier would get involved and try to fix that from happening, identify the parts of the message they might find hard to understand, identify internal barrier that would prevent listeners from learning your material

what does it mean for the main points in a speech to be parallel?

similar in kind and length, avoid mixing phrases and complete sentences, and don't put 2 sentences in one point

what is a thesis statement and how do you write one?

single sentence that names the subject and establishes its significance; select a topic and decide on your general and specific purposes

impromptu speaking

speaking with little advanced preparation

co-culture

subgroups of culture, characterized by mild or profound cultural differences that coexist within the larger culture

transitions

summarizes where you've been and where you're going in the speech

secondary source

summary or interpretation of an event or a person provided by a nonparticipant

speech-thought differential

the difference between the rate you think (500 wpm) and the average speaking rate (150 wpm)

what does it mean to plagiarize? does it have to be on purpose? can it be accidental?

the presenting or words, images, or ideas of others as if they were your own -deliberate fraud -cut and paste plagiarism yes it can be accidental -improper paraphrase -accidental plagiarism

what is the audience's role in a multilingual speaking situation?

to be open minded, and not judge to try and understand the best that they can and go along with the dialect changes

connectives

words, phrases, and sentences used to lead from one idea to another and tie parts of the speech together smoothly

how does oral communication style differ from written communication style?

written communication is more formal while oral communication is more conversational

can wiki be used as a source? if so how?

yes it can, you look at the citations at the bottom and go to the original source for the information