COM 210 Midterm

The following is an example of a well-written thesis statement:​

A hot air balloon ride will increase your enjoyment of life.​

According to Deborah Tannen, which expression is an example of how language makes our culture an "argument culture"? ​

All of the above

Which speech is most likely to be a report?​

Educational Vouchers: Pros and Cons

Which of the following students needs help in topic selection?​

Eliyahu decides to give the same speech on "Cooking Israeli Food" he gave his anthropology class.

Each new generation of an organization must create its own myths, symbols, and ceremonies, because we dispose of these relics from former generations.

False

Ethnicity includes skin color and facial features. ​

False

Farewell speeches are not necessary or helpful when saying good-bye to highly unpopular individuals. ​

False

Having trouble understanding a speaker because they use big words you have never heard before is an example of a cultural barrier to listening. ​

False

Heckling is common in political gatherings, but university audiences are too sophisticated and open-minded to shout down a speaker. ​

False

If I accidentally forget to cite someone, it isn't plagiarism. ​

False

If someone hears you, they are also listening to you.

False

If you engage in a mental debate with a speaker instead of following the communication line, you are going off on a tangent.

False

If you properly cite your sources in the speech itself, you do not need to list your references at the end.

False

Impromptu delivery is more useful for formal ceremonial talks. ​

False

In content outlines, you should use an A. for your first point, an a. for your first subpoint, and an (a) for your second subpoint.

False

In rhetoric, your "style" is the way you walk, talk, dress, and present yourself. ​

False

Individuals and groups tend to agree on theories, concepts, and abstract ideas.

False

It is best to maintain eye contact with one engaged individual in the center of the room to make the presentation feel more conversational.

False

It's considered cheating to use research for one class as speech material for another, even if the material is adapted to the new audience.

False

Let your gestures happen naturally—your delivery will look forced if you practice using gestures to emphasize points. ​

False

Maggie thinks she can do her speech in sweatpants because it is a classroom speech and how you dress doesn't really much matter. ​

False

Memorizing the introduction of your speech is particularly effective because you are most nervous at the beginning.

False

Memorizing your speech takes the risk out of speechmaking​

False

Most of our beliefs are based on study or investigation of a subject. ​

False

Mr. Garcia is listening to an investment planner talking about mutual funds; Garcia really believes in investing in such funds and the planner is enthusiastically promoting them. In such a case, Mr. Garcia should confidently accept the planner's ideas without much critical evaluation.

False

One important reason that manuscript delivery is not as effective in the classroom is that it does not engage the audience as much as other delivery methods do. ​

True

One way to disrupt a presentation and silence a speaker is by whispering to a friend during the speech. ​

True

Principles in the canon of invention help you gather the materials you need, analyze the audience and situation, and select a purpose for your speech. ​

True

Pro-con organization generally works well for investigative reports. ​

True

Race is more of a social category than it is a physical category. ​

True

Reports answer the question, "What have we learned about this subject?" ​

True

Rhetoric includes the art of persuasive public speaking.

True

Rhetorically sensitive people are those who can adapt their communication behaviors and perform reasonably well in a variety of social settings​

True

Shawna needs seven sources in her speech; she only has five, so she makes up citations from Time, the New York Times, and the Boston Globe. This unethical behavior is called fabrication.

True

State or paraphrase your thesis statement in your speech--usually in the introduction. ​

True

Teachers do much of their speaking in order to transmit important cultural elements to the next generation. ​

True

Tears escaped from Norma's eyes during the eulogy she delivered, but the audience responded well, because given the circumstance, she behaved appropriately.

True

Terez organized her speech on "destiny" by first providing the denotative meaning and then giving connotative meanings for the word. This was an effective pattern.

True

The Internet has made plagiarism easier and more common. ​

True

The dominant United States communication style includes a problem orientation.

True

The general purpose of a how-to speech is to inform. ​

True

The principle of narrowing a topic to fit within a designated time frame applies across all speaking contexts such as projects, farewell speeches, and sales presentations​.

True

The purpose of commemorative speeches is to inspire and reinforce beliefs and values. ​

True

The room you speak in and the weather outside are two aspects of the environment you should consider in your speech preparation. ​

True

To visualize your alternative pattern speech, it may be helpful first to sketch out a diagram of the pattern you've chosen.

True

Using the body language of powerful people while rehearsing and delivering a speech may help increase self-confidence and reduce anxiety.

True

Values are our underlying evaluations of what is important, significant, moral, or right.

True

When you download a picture from the Internet onto a PowerPoint slide, if you don't include on the slide the URL of the website where you got the picture, you are plagiarizing​

True

When you inform with the purpose of countering misunderstandings, you'll probably get more emotional reactions than when you update information.

True

When you present an award, it's a good idea to talk about the award itself.

True

Your schema for a wedding toast enables you to predict the types of things a speaker will typically say when your friends marry.

True

Your schema for a wedding toast enables you to predict the types of things a speaker will typically say when your friends marry. ​

True

Your speech purpose is determined by the response you want from your audience

True

​ The roast the other department members gave Jim at the moment of his retirement was appropriate because it focused on humorous stories.

True

Thinking of your audience according to the cultural populations they represent is ________​

demographic analysis

The three elements of the D-R-E Method of feedback are ________

describe, respond, evaluate.

Alliterating main points is one way to create ________​

discourse consistency.

Kim has great ideas, but she doesn't know how to order them so that they flow well. She needs to learn the principles in the canon of ________​

disposition.

Which of these is NOT a cultural resource as defined in the text?​

diversity

Expressive cultures

encourage their members to speak their minds and let their feelings show.

A major challenge with manuscript delivery is ________​

engaging the audience.

You're listening to a speaker who's giving false information, playing on emotions, and otherwise manipulating listeners. You think you should say something, but you don't want to embarrass the speaker or make a scene. This is a(n) ________

ethical dilemma

For which type of special occasion speech is the wave pattern most appropriate?​

eulogies

​ For which types of special occasion speeches is it most appropriate to express sadness and appreciation?

eulogies and farewells

The mode of delivery most commonly used in the classroom is ___________ .​

extemporaneous

A cell phone ringing and distracting your listeners from your speech is an example of which kind of noise?​

external

People in collectivist cultures ________ ​

feel more comfortable being honored for achievements as a group.

What are the democratic principles that guide ethical speaking?​

habits of research, honesty, fairness, and civility

After she finished the course, Judy was much more confident. She gave several speeches and the negative outcomes she expected weren't so bad after all. What process does Judy's experience exemplify?​

habituation

An environmental activist who is addressing a group of loggers and developers is most likely facing a(n) ________ audience.

hostile

Which option does NOT describe the U.S. style of communication as identified in the text?​

impersonal

Tonya, who on the spur of the moment tells an amusing story at a farewell dinner, is using ________ delivery.​

impromptu

Although Yumiko's classmates did not know anything about her expertise beforehand, her speech was so thoroughly researched that everyone agreed she really knew what she was talking about. In this situation, Yumiko established ________ credibility.​

intrinsic

The canons of rhetoric are _________​

invention, disposition, style, and memory, and delivery.

Two students quoted word-for-word the same example about killer bees; neither credited the source, and they worked on their speeches separately. What is this situation an example of?​

plagiarism

A speaker who is ________ should prepare for emotional responses which are often negative.​

prepare for emotional responses, often negative.

Newscaster Brian Williams brings speaker credibility with him because of who he is and the job he has. This is ________​

prior credibility

Which pattern of organization is especially good for tributes?

statement of reasons

Which outlining principle involves formatting putting supporting information below the main points it supports?​

subordination

Before he speaks, Rajin's heart races, he begins to perspire, and his stomach has "butterflies." He is experiencing ________​

the "fight or flight" mechanism.

Public speaking varies across cultures in all these ways EXCEPT ________​

the amount of expressiveness that's encouraged.

Jim has a great topic for his speech, has organized it flawlessly, but forgets to make eye contact with his audience and sways from side to side. Jim needs to improve his skills in ________​

the canon of delivery

Which is NOT an environmental factor relating to public speaking?​

the clothing you select on your speech day

People who use public speaking to argue for a social cause are using public speaking to ________ culture.​ Selected Answer: a. ​ transform

transform

Speaking notes use full sentences in only two places:

transition statements and direct quotations.

Which gesture is a nervous gesture that should be avoided?

twirling a pen

In The Magic of Dialogue, Daniel Yankelovich defines empathy as ________

understanding other perspectives and identifying emotionally.

If the audience has never before heard about the rare medical condition known as progeria, the speaker should do all these things EXCEPT ________ ​

use jargon frequently to establish credibility.

Mr. Garcia is listening to an investment planner talking about mutual funds; Garcia really believes in investing in such funds and the planner is enthusiastically promoting them. In such a case, Mr. Garcia should confidently accept the planner's ideas without much critical evaluation. ​

False

Note cards have many advantages over a speaking outline, so you should use speaking notes whenever possible. ​

False

Once your speech is over, you can sit down relieved in knowing that your credibility is firmly established and cannot be changed. ​

False

People in individualistic cultures are very focused on in-groups to which they are very loyal.

False

People who respond to diversity by assimilating may create alternative institutions.

False

Plagiarism involves making up information.​

False

Research shows that loud and fast speakers are perceived as being competitive, enthusiastic, and benevolent.

False

Revealing something unusual about yourself shouldn't be done in a classroom speech. ​

False

Rules of plagiarism require you to document results of experiments you personally conduct. ​

False

Salience is defined as the audience's perception of the speaker. ​

False

Seth will probably experience his greatest anxiety during the adaptation milestone near the end of his speeches when he suddenly realizes everyone is looking at him.

False

Speech connectives are the emotional high points of the speech, designed to increase the audience's emotional responses by relating to their lives. ​

False

Students in online public speaking courses typically do not learn anxiety-reducing strategies.

False

Students in online public speaking courses typically do not learn anxiety-reducing strategies. ​

False

The U.S. rules against plagiarism are applicable in every culture globally.

False

The best way to decide on a speech topic is to look to current events. ​

False

The confident speaking style is more effective than the conversational style.

False

The first step in planning a demonstration speech is to plan the visual support that's needed.

False

The five canons of rhetoric include invention, disposition, audience, memory, and delivery.

False

The general purpose of a tribute is to entertain. ​

False

The goal of investigative reports is persuasion. ​

False

The great advantage of speaking extemporaneously is that it is spontaneous and spur-of-the-moment, and you don't really have much time to get nervous. ​

False

The major function of a speech introduction is to give your audience as much background information about your topic as they need​

False

The sender-receiver of a message focuses on encoding the message rather than considering the audience.

False

The study of listening is often prioritized above other skills needed for effective communication in college courses

False

The time of day you give your speech really has no bearing on how you give your speech. ​

False

The transactional model does not take nonverbal communication into account. ​

False

Thinking about the audience's religious commitments is important only when the topic is religious in nature. ​

False

Topics such as current events are considered taboo in most cultures.

False

Visualization is a popular technique, and is successful for musicians and athletes, but it does not seem to lessen anxiety related to public speaking. ​

False

We should evaluate the public speaking traditions from other cultures by our own culture's standards. ​

False

When using an alternative pattern, it is more important than ever to use indentation and numbering to stay organized.

False

When you do a demographic analysis of the audience, you survey their beliefs, attitudes, and values regarding a topic. ​

False

When you see someone of the male sex, you should assume he is of the masculine gender. ​

False

When you work in international organizations, it's a good general rule to give awards to individuals who achieve more than their peers.

False

When your listeners need to refresh their memories, your narrowed purpose will be to counter their misunderstandings.

False

Worries about an upcoming interview or concerns about a sick family member are examples of physical factors that hinder listening. ​

False

You won't need to practice your speech if you create effective speaking notes. ​

False

​ A rhetorical triangle has three sides: audience, speaker, and message.

False

​ Taking notes should be avoided during comprehensive listening because it can distract you from the speaker's message.

False

Odell's audience knows quite a bit about entertainer George Clinton; what general strategy should Odell use in a speech about him?​

Find novel information about one aspect of his life.

Which of the following options is NOT a typical strategy for commemorative speeches?

Focus on a proverb or quotation.

The following is an example of a well-written preview statement:​

I will describe the following benefits of hot air ballooning: it's relaxing; you meet new friends; and you fulfill your need for adventure.

Audiences commonly complain that informative speeches are boring. ​

True

Audiences like to listen to speakers who are enthusiastic about their topics.

True

Behnke and Sawyer found that anxiety decreases as speakers go from one segment of their speeches to the next​

True

Brianna marches in a protest against the World Trade Organization; she's encountering diversity with resistance.

True

Caitlin goes away to college where she decides to reject or surrender her longtime political beliefs. Her response is an example of assimilation.

True

Caitlin goes away to college where she decides to reject or surrender her longtime political beliefs. Her response is an example of assimilation. ​

True

Co-cultures are groups who share many aspects of the dominant culture but diverge from it in some way. ​

True

Creating a questionnaire to determine beliefs and attitudes toward a topic is a good way to assess the audience's psychological approach to a topic. ​

True

Cultural factors can influence how comfortable you feel speaking in public.

True

Cultural factors can influence how comfortable you feel speaking in public​.

True

Delivery is the way you perform your speech.

True

Details and vivid language in speeches about events allow listeners to mentally place themselves at the event. ​

True

Following the organizational pattern of a speech can improve comprehensive listening. ​

True

Generally, chronological, topical, or narrative patterns best fit a biographical report. ​

True

Getting information from your audience by talking to focus groups is part of the direct method. ​

True

Having a speech-thought differential means that you think about 350 words per minute faster than the average speaker talks.

True

If the Saturday Night Live comic Andy Samberg were to visit your campus, he'd have extrinsic credibility to talk about life as a comedian.

True

In a random audience, participants are initially involved in another activity, but decide to pause and listen if the subject matter attracts their attention.

True

In a random audience, participants are initially involved in another activity, but decide to pause and listen if the subject matter attracts their attention. ​

True

In oral cultures, people must store all their knowledge in their memories.​

True

In order to decrease nervous tension before a speech, you should limit your sugar and caffeine intake on speech day if those substances make you feel wired.

True

In order to decrease nervous tension before a speech, you should limit your sugar and caffeine intake on speech day if those substances make you feel wired. ​

True

In several Asian cultures, listeners see themselves equally responsible with the speaker for making communication successful. ​

True

In the United States, eye contact communicates friendliness, honesty, and approachability. ​

True

International topics are usually appropriate for classroom speeches, because most students are interested in world events if they are linked to the audience.

True

Introductions function to integrate newcomers into a group.​

True

It is important in the conclusion to provide closure and give the audience something to take away from the speech.

True

Jargon is a major hazard for informative speakers. ​

True

Listeners often understand new information more easily when there are points of comparison to something they already know about​.

True

Many African cultures highly value verbally skilled people

True

Nominations are short persuasive speeches.

True

Audience demographics include age, sexual orientation, and religion. ​

True

Which statement below belongs in the evaluation portion of the D-R-E method?​

"The statistics you chose were very convincing, but your visual aids were unclear."

Depending on your purpose, your thesis statement may be written in the form of one or more questions or declarative sentences. ​

False

Kevin made up a survey he used on his speech about texting and driving. This is called ________.

Fabrication

"Rightsabilities" means we can do whatever is within our rights. ​

False

"To inform my audience about important facts about the life of Chief Joseph" is an example of a central idea.

False

"To inform my audience about important facts about the life of Chief Joseph" is an example of a central idea. ​

False

"To persuade my classmates to purchase only products that have the Fair Trade certification label" is a general purpose. ​

False

"Your examples made me want to do something to help children with AIDs in Africa" is an example of an evaluation in the D-R-E Method of feedback. ​

False

A listener being distracted from a speaker's message due to sleepiness is an example of cultural noise. ​

False

A loaded question, by definition, invites the speaker to provide a longer, more detailed answer.

False

A multivocal society is one that permits only certain voices to be heard. ​

False

A politician should give the same speech in Denver, Miami, Boston, and Seattle, because the culture in the U.S. is so similar throughout. ​

False

A thesis statement is exactly the same as the preview—a short summary of your major points. ​

False

According to Amitai Etzioni, it's important to deal with every issue when you engage in dialogue with others who have major disagreements with you. This prevents you from sweeping less important matters under the rug.

False

All you have to do to avoid plagiarism when you cut and paste material from the Internet is to change a few words here and there and cite the Internet source in your references at the end of your outline. ​

False

An information imbalance means that the speaker presents one-sided information about a subject. ​

False

Another term for thesis statement is general purpose. ​

False

Attitudes are our mental acceptance of something as being true or false

False

By definition, public speaking occurs when one person prepares and delivers a presentation to a group that may or may not listen to the speaker but does not interrupt the flow of ideas.

False

Cognitive modification is a method that focuses on your message and your audience, but not on your skills or sense of self-worth. ​

False

Communication apprehension (CA) is identical to public speaking anxiety (PSA​

False

Critical listening is based on this idea: "If you don't have anything nice to say, don't say anything at all." ​

False

Cultural allusions are pretty much the same the world over.

False

Culture affects public speaking, but public speaking does not affect culture.

False

Culture affects public speaking, but public speaking does not affect culture. ​

False

Darrell is planning to be an engineer; he is right to think that his oral communication skills won't much matter in his career.

False

All of the options below are good reasons to study public speaking EXCEPT:

It will almost guarantee that you will get a good job.

Which statement below gives good advice about eye contact during delivery of a speech?

Make eye contact with various people in each segment of the room.

Attitudes are our tendencies to like or dislike something. ​

True

________ is saying the same thing more than once; ________ is saying the same thing, but a different way each time.

Repetition; redundancy

Michelle uses these nonverbal behaviors while listening. Which makes her a less competent listener? ​

She taps her pen and shuffles her papers.

Antoine's speech, "How to Make a Peanut Butter Sandwich," presented familiar, predictable information. What principle for choosing a topic or purpose should he have considered?​

Take a novel approach.

What do speaking notes and speaking outlines have in common?​

They both are used while a presenter is delivering a speech.

Antoine's speech, "How to Make a Peanut Butter Sandwich," presented familiar, predictable information. What principle for choosing a topic or purpose should he have considered?​

To take a novel approach.

"During your speech, you said 'OK' seven times" would be classified as a description in the D-R-E Method of giving feedback.

True

A content outline shows both the speech's structural and logical elements.​

True

A good way to avoid plagiarism is to cite your sources within your speech.

True

A heading provides a brief overview of your entire speech.​

True

A skeleton is a good metaphor for a content outline. ​

True

A speaker's effectiveness is linked to his or her sensitivity to each audience at every step of preparation. ​

True

A speech demonstrating a common procedure like how to make coffee in a conventional way wastes listener's time.

True

Accommodating groups allow themselves to rethink ideas and hear diverse ideas from a variety of perspectives.

True

According to Deborah Tannen, the U.S. is an "argument culture" partly because we often use war metaphors in our public discourse.

True

According to the text, effective communication skills are vital in most higher-paying jobs and positions.

True

Although listeners at a sports banquet may differ in age, sex, religious affiliation, and ethnicity, their mutual interest in the sport is probably more salient than their other characteristics in this context.

True

An explanation of a complex concept can be thought of as a translation.

True

An explanation of a complex concept can be thought of as a translation. ​

True

Attentive listeners can help a speaker become more interesting. ​

True

Attitudes are our tendencies to like or dislike something.

True

Which question does an explanation speech answer?​

What's the theory behind that?

According to the text, what is a major reason to develop a habit of research? ​

You owe it to your audience to know what you're talking about.

A mental acceptance that something is true or false, correct or incorrect, valid or invalid is ________​

a belief.

"Female professors are so much better than male professors at explaining the listening process!" is an example of ________​

a stereotype that hinders listening.

A history professor downloaded a map from the Internet onto a PowerPoint slide, not realizing that she needed to put the URL of the source on her slide. This is an example of ________​

accidental plagiarism.

Manuel responds to diversity by acknowledging real differences between himself and members of other cultural groups, but he shows a willingness to listen to their ideas and evaluate them fairly. His response is called _________​

accommodation

The defense lawyer tries to humanize her client, who is on trial for murder, so that the jury sees him as a normal human being, not a monster. Her specific purpose is mostly ________.​

affective

What should be considered when preparing a speech? ​

all of the above

Which outlining principle involves using a consistent pattern that varies between numbers and letters? ​

alternation

Mary Ann will use the principles in the canon of invention when she ________​

analyzes her audience and researches her topic.

Alternative outlines ________​

are carefully prepared.

Your concern with ethics should begin ________

as soon as you get the speech assignment.

Lakshmi came from India, became a Christian, married a man from Montana, and never again spoke her native language. Her response to diversity is called ________.​

assimilation

Austin has a negative opinion about politicians and a positive view of Disneyland; these are just two of his ________​

attitudes

Our preferences or tendencies to have positive or negative opinions about people, places, objects, and situations are our ________​

attitudes

Considering the audience at every stage of speechmaking and discovering ways that you can most effectively communicate with this particular group is called ________​

audience analysis

According to research, anxiety is highest ________

before the speech.

A speech that ends by asking listeners to fill out cards to become organ donors seeks which response?​

behavioral

If, at the end of your speech calling for a protest march, your audience charges out the door and begins to make placards to carry, that response is best called ________.​

behavioral

Which social virtue is grounded in courtesy and involves choosing to understand and work with others?​

civility

"Could you explain again how you came to this conclusion?" is a(n) ________ question. ​

clarification

The Amish are a group whose worldview or belief system sets them apart from the dominant culture. They are a(n) ________​

co-cultural group.

Brittany wants her audience to believe that eliminating beer commercials on TV would lessen underage drinking. The main response she wants from her audience is ________.​

cognitive

If you are afraid of speaking out because you worry that people will think you're stupid or you might get a bad grade, you are suffering from ________

communication apprehension.

If you tell yourself your topic is interesting and people want to hear you speak, you are ________​

controlling your internal monologue.

Engaging in physical exercise, such as brisk walking, running, or lifting weights helps to ​

counteract nervous tension.

A speaker referring to David Hume, assuming her audience knows that he was an influential philosopher, is an example of which barrier to listening? ​

cultural allusion

Dan borrowed a speech his roommate gave the previous semester and presented it as his own. This type of plagiarism is called ________​

deliberate fraud.

A mind map is especially useful for _______​

narrowing a topic.

The next step after topic selection is ________​

narrowing the topic to a manageable size.

After a fight with your significant other, you focus on the disagreement during class and tune out a classmate's speech. In the transactional model of communication shown in the text, this is an example of ________​

noise or static

A hypothetical example is ________​

often useful when dealing with sensitive issues.

"What do you think our candidate should do to increase her credibility with voters?" is an example of which type of question?

open

Public performers in cultures without print are like a "walking library;" these public performers store the group's knowledge in their minds; theirs is a(n) ________ culture.

oral

Aristotle discussed which three important vocal variations?

rate, pitch, and volume

Which is NOT a linguistic factor that hinders listening?​

receiver apprehension

Inspirational speakers who urge donors to continue supporting charities speak with the intention to ________ their actions.

reinforce

When President W. Bush went to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, his purpose was to __________ the city's culture.​

restore

Which option is NOT an essential part of an outline's heading?

the speaker's name

Rhetoric is ________​

the study of persuasion in its various forms

About an hour before his class, Jon finds a quiet place and thinks through all the aspects of his speech. He "sees" himself beforehand; then he "observes" himself going to the podium, setting up his visual aids, and giving his speech. Finally, he mentally thinks through the question and answer period and "watches" himself returning to his seat. He's rehearsing ________

through visualization

About an hour before his class, Jon finds a quiet place and thinks through all the aspects of his speech. He "sees" himself beforehand; then he "observes" himself going to the podium, setting up his visual aids, and giving his speech. Finally, he mentally thinks through the question and answer period and "watches" himself returning to his seat. He's rehearsing ________

through visualization.

At the recent 10 year anniversary of 9/11, speaker after speaker gave addresses about those who had fallen that day. What were the general purposes of those speeches?​

to commemorate

A comedian who does stand-up monologues in a nightclub probably has which general purpose?

to entertain

​ Professor Barram is a popular and entertaining lecturer in the business department on my campus; his major purpose for his lectures is ________

to inform

The general speech purposes identified in the text are ________​

to inform, to persuade, to entertain, to commemorate.

Joe emphasizes hard work as he argues for his ideas. He's appealing to a core U.S. ________​

value.

According to psychologist Rainer Martens, what does stress stem from?​

your uncertainty about an outcome and the importance of that outcome

Which statement provides good advice for giving a toast?​

​ Be brief and end with sincere best wishes.

Which question below should critical listeners ask themselves while listening to a presentation?​

​ How trustworthy is this speaker?

Content outlines should have all these elements EXCEPT ________​

​ major ideas expressed in key words.

​ Exemplum speeches are built around ________

​ quotations or proverbs

Speakers often use ratios when ________​

​the percentage is very small.