com arts quiz

What are the five demographic traits of audiences discussed in this chapter? Why is each important to audience analysis?

Age, religion, racial, ethnic, and cultural background, gender and sexual orientation, and group membership are the five demographic traits of audiences further discussed. Age experience is important to consider, religious views are emotionally charged, sensitivity towards cultures is important to have in this generation, being wary of stereotypical gender roles is key, and group affiliations give notice to listeners' attitudes and interests.

. What are the three kinds of examples discussed in this chapter? How might you use each kind to support your ideas?

Brief examples, extended examples, and hypothetical examples. Brief examples illustrate a point or a desired impression, extended examples are anecdotes or narratives that pull listeners into the speech, and hypothetical examples explain a general principle through imaginary scenarios.

. What are the three kinds of questions used in questionnaires? Why is it a good idea to use all three in audience analysis?

Fixed-alternative questions, scale questions, and open-ended questions are the three types of questions. You should use all three in audience analysis because they all have their advantages and disadvantages, and each elicit specific information about the audience and probs more deeply into their attitudes toward the speech topic.

What are the ten logical fallacies discussed in this chapter?

Hasty generalization, false cause, invalid analogy, bandwagon, red herring, ad hominem, either-or, slippery slope, appeal to tradition, and appeal to novelty.

What is analogical reasoning? Why is analogical reasoning frequently used in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?

It is when a speaker compares two similar cases and infers that what is true for one case is also true for the other.and used for persuasive speeches on speeches of policy because you should see if a policy has been tried elsewhere and succeeded.

What is causal reasoning? Why is the relationship between causes and effects not always clear?

It is when someone established the relationship between causes and effects. It is not always a clear connection because the event might have multiple causes and not just one objective cause. The events could also be coincidental.

6. What is reasoning from specific instances? Why is it important to supplement reasoning from specific instances with testimony or statistics?

It is when you progress from a number of particular facts to a general conclusion. Testimony and statistics should be used because you never give enough specific instances in a speech to make your conclusion irrefutable, and these make your conclusion representative.

What is reasoning from principle? How is it different from reasoning from specific instances?

It moves from the general principle to the specific conclusion and is different from specific instances because it is the opposite order and is used to persuade an audience

What four methods of organization are used most often in persuasive speeches on questions of policy?

Problem solution order, problem cause solution order, comparative advantages order, and Monroe's motivated sequence are most often used in persuasive speeches on questions of policy.

What are questions of fact? How does a persuasive speech on a question of fact differ from an informative speech? Give an example of a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of fact.

Questions of fact are questions that can be answered absolutely by right or wrong answers. Some questions don't have right or wrong answers though and involve predictions. A persuasive speech on a question of fact is partisan and the speaker acts as an advocate to be persuasive for one side, but might mention counterarguments and prove them wrong. An informative speech is nonpartisan and can't argue a certain side. Ex) to persuade my audience that a 9.0 earthquake or above will hit CAlifornia in the next ten years.

What are questions of policy? Give an example of a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.

Questions of policy deal with specific courses of action and involve questions of fact. They arise in everything we do, but go beyond questions of fact and value to decide whether something should or should not be done. Ex) To persuade my audience that there should be stricter privacy standards on companies that offer personal genetic testing.

What are questions of value? Give an example of a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of value.

Questions of value demand value judgments or judgments based on a person's belief about what is right or wrong, good or bad, fair or unfair, and moral or immoral. Ex) To persuade my audience that bicycle riding is the ideal form of land transportation. These speeches are almost always arranged topically.

Why is it so easy to lie with statistics? What three questions should you ask to judge the reliability of statistics?

Statistics can be easily manipulated and distorted or played with to make the audience think a certain way. You should ask if the statistics are representative, if the statistical measures are used correctly, and if they are from a reliable source.

What are the five steps of Monroe's motivated sequence? Why is the motivated sequence especially useful in speeches that seek immediate action from listeners?

The first is gaining attention, then creating a need for change, satisfying it with a solution, visualizing its benefits, and calling for action. This sequence is more detailed than problems solution order and many professionals use it in television and advertising. It also spurs immediate action.

What is situational audience analysis? What factors do you need to consider in situational audience analysis?

This identifies the traits of the audience unique to the speaking situation at hand including the size of the audience, physical setting, and disposition of the audience towards the topic, speaker, and occasion. You need to consider the audience's interest in the topic, knowledge about it, and interest in it.

Explain the difference between passive agreement and immediate action as goals for persuasive speeches on questions of policy.

With passive agreement, you try to make a certain policy desirable to the audience, but won't inspire action. With immediate action, you want to do more than make the audience agree. You seek action from your audience and should use specific recommendations.

What are the three basic issues you must deal with when discussing a question of policy? What will determine the amount of attention you give to each of these issues in any particular speech?

You must deal with need or must show need for policy, explain your plan for solving an issue of policy, and you must show how your plan will work or be practical. Effective organization determines how you will speak about these issues, and your tropic and type of audience is a factor.

What are six tips for using statistics in your speeches?

You should use statistics to quantify your ideas, use them sparingly, identify the source of them, explain them, round off complicated statistics, and use visual aids to clarify statistical trends.