com chapter 12 rhetorical communication

a person or institution that addresses the public or an audience

A rhetor is understood to be _____.

generates a significant amount of public discourse

A rhetorical event is one that _____.

general purpose

A speaker must select one of three goals for a speech—to inform, to persuade, or to entertain. The goal that the speaker chooses is known as the _____.

ethos

A speaker's good sense, moral character, and goodwill are all components of his or her _____.

thesis statement

A statement of the topic of a speech and the speaker's position on it is referred to as a _____.

can take the appropriate action in response to the message

According to rhetorical scholar Lloyd Bitzer, only those people who _____ are part of the rhetorical audience.

rhetoric helps people seek justice

After Nick damaged Michaela's car and refused to pay for the repairs, Michaela took him to small claims court where she explained to the judge why Nick should pay for the repairs. Which function of rhetoric does this demonstrate?

listen to a range of views on a particular topic

An ethical receiver of rhetorical communication strives to _____.

rhetoric critic

Anyone who pursues sustained and detailed analyses of rhetorical discourse is a _____.

the kitchen table

As an example of a space traditionally not associated with rhetoric, many black feminist scholars feature _____ as a metaphor for rhetoric in action.

different

Communication scholar Douglas Ehninger suggested that throughout history people have had _____ ideas of what rhetoric is and the purpose it serves.

social position

Culturally, the _____ of the rhetor often determines his or her right to speak or to access civic speaking spaces.

cause-effect

During her presentation to the village board, Cara explained that the potholes on the street leading to her house had become so deep that four of the residents had to replace tires on their cars. She then proposed that the village reimburse them because the village had failed to maintain the street. Which organizational pattern did Cara use for her speech?

pathos

During her presentation, Aneesa tells the story of her neighbor who was beaten repeatedly by her husband, but legally unable to seek justice in the courts. Aneesa is using _____ to persuade her audience.

logos

During the Alcoholics Anonymous meeting, the leader explained that excessive alcohol use can lead to severe health complications. Which artistic proof is the leader using?

pathos

During the trial claiming the railroad had failed to maintain an overpass, the prosecutor played an audio recording of a car being crushed by concrete slabs and steel beams while narrating what must have been going through the Peterson family's minds as the car they were in was being crushed. This was an appeal to which artistic proof?

events that happened in the past

Forensic rhetoric is used to address _____.

conclusion

In a persuasive speech, you will challenge your audience to take action during your _____.

rhetorical event

In the aftermath of the Manchester, England, terrorist attack in 2017, many discussions arose to attempt to explain why the situation had occurred. This is an example of a _____.

ethos

Kendrick told the audience that his love of country came from his grandfather and father before him who had enlisted in the army and served in battles that kept America free. Which artistic proof is Kendrick using in his speech?

language

Laura is preparing a speech about why she doesn't believe same-sex marriage should be legal. In order to be ethical, it is important that she is aware of the _____ used in her speech, especially potentially pejorative terms.

unethical

Most would agree that the use of outright deception or lying in persuasion would be _____.

persona

On the feedback form, Charles wrote that the speaker seemed down-to-earth and genuine. What aspect of the speaker is Charles reviewing?

persuasion

Rhetoric is also known as the art of _____.

helping individuals clarify their own beliefs and actions

Rhetoric's important social functions include supporting a vital democracy, helping people seek justice, and _____.

"god terms" and "devil terms"

Rhetorician Richard Weaver describes two types of terms that should be avoided because of the potential to easily lead (or mislead) people without critical reflection. They are _____.

audience analysis

Seymour is preparing a speech about nanotechnology. He asks himself, "What does my audience know about this topic? What do they need to know?" He also tries to determine what his listeners expect from his presentation and what characteristics they might share. What is Seymour doing to help prepare for his speech?

teachers

Sophists were among the first _____ of rhetoric.

social movement

The 1965 March on Selma brought together activists from all over the country to protest unfair voter registration practices. Television coverage and additional demonstrations helped spur passage of the Voting Rights Act. This is an example of a _____.

public sphere

The arena in which deliberative decision making occurs through the exchange of ideas and arguments is called the _____.

sophists

The first group of people to teach persuasive speaking skills in the Greek city-states were known as _____.

general purpose

The first task of a public speaker is to identify his or her _____.

forensic

The form of rhetoric that is used in courts and addresses events that happened in the past is called _____ rhetoric.

artistic proofs

The means through which a rhetor gains the trust of an audience and designs credible messages was identified by Aristotle as _____.

rhetor

The originator of a communication message, but not necessarily the person delivering it, is called a(n) _____.

ethos

The social position from which a rhetor speaks is related to the concept of _____.

the public good

What did Cicero believe speakers should use rhetoric for?

must support the speech goals

What is the most essential characteristic of successful visual aids for any presentation?

deliberative rhetoric

When former Vice President Al Gore advocates for passage of environmental initiatives designed to reduce global warming, he is engaged in _____.

deliberative

When members of the school board argue about the best ways to spend taxpayer dollars, they are engaging in _____ rhetoric.

The Catholic Church

Which of the following is the best example of what we think of as a rhetor?

standing up and practicing in front of one or two friends

Which of the following is the most effective method for rehearsing your speech?

Aristotle

Who believed that speakers needed to learn "all available means of persuasion in a given situation"?

these terms serve more as propaganda than rhetoric

Why does rhetorician Richard Weaver advocate the careful use of "god terms" and "devil terms"?

social media

_____ create outlets for people to try and align others to their worldviews without filters, and presents new challenges to the need to think through how we attempt to persuade others to view the world as we do.