COM101 (FINAL)

The term "persuasion" refers only to a situation in which a speaker attempts to reverse an audience's beliefs. true or false?

false

When an audience analysis shows that your audience already agrees with you, it is best to change your topic because no purpose is truly suitable. true or false?

false

Consider the following points: 1. Student government sponsors entertainment programs. 2. Student government affects many areas of campus life. 3. Student government finances campus improvements. What statement about "subordination" is true?

1 and 3 are subordinate to 2

What organizational pattern is reflected in the following main points? I. Society has become increasingly dependent upon private automobiles for transportation. II.More automobiles mean increased consumption of fossil fuels. a. Cause-effect b. Residues c. Problem-solution d. Comparison-contrast e. Categorical

a. Cause-effect

When the speaker refers to a common experience in order ot create identification with the audience, which goal of a speech introduction is being served? a. Creating a favorable response toward the speaker b. Creating a favorable response toward the topic c. Previewing the development of the topic d. Gaining attention e. Clarifying the purpose of the thesis

a. Creating a favorable response toward the speaker

According to the textbook, which of the following is a characteristic of an effective delivery? a. It is choreographed to support the verbal message b. It has a clear thesis and purpose c. It is delivered completely from memory d. It is natural and uncontrived e. It has a distinct introduction, body, and conclusion

a. It is choreographed to support the verbal message

A well organized speech leads to which of the following results? a. Listeners are more likely to understand and be influenced by your message. b. Listeners will stop attending to the speech. c. Listeners may resent the lack of structure and resist your message. d. Listeners may forget unconnected ideas. e. Listeners will be distracted while trying to reconstruct your logic.

a. Listeners are more likely to understand and be influenced by your message.

Which of the following is the fallacy committed when the claim and the support material are unrelated to each other? a. Non sequitur b. Ignoring the question c. Post hoc reasoning d. Equivocation e. Circular argument

a. Non sequitur

Mona is preparing a speech about how taxes are spent. She wants to show the proportion of each tax dollar that is spent on various types of government services. What type of visual aid best serves her purpose? a. Pie graph b. Statistical chart c. Bar graph d. Textual graphics e. Flowchart

a. Pie graph

Faith opened her speech by asking her classmates, "Would it surprise you to learn that you probably expose yourself to the leading killer of college-aged Americans at least three time a week?" What type of introduction was Faith using? a. Using a rhetorical question b. Quoting someone c. Citing a statistic d. Telling a story e. Identifying with the audience

a. Using a rhetorical question

Billy wanted to promote the thesis, "We must preserve our wilderness areas to protect our culture and heritage." Which of the following main points is NOT an issue that emerges from this thesis? a. Wilderness areas offer recreational opportunities. b. Wilderness is part of our heritage. c. Wilderness areas reflect our culture. d. Our wilderness areas are endangered. e. We can preserve our wilderness.

a. Wilderness areas offer recreational opportunities.

A speaker relies on an outline during the ____________ a. arrangement state of putting ideas together b. time spent brainstorming for the speech topic c. invention stage of gathering material d. the research stage of finding supporting material e. development of the speech language

a. arrangement state of putting ideas together

The analysis of listeners' perceptions and their selective exposure and attention is an analysis of __________. a. audience psychology b. audience culture c. audience demographics d. audience composition e. audience anxiety

a. audience psychology

Main ideas should have ______, meaning that they should not be loaded toward one side of the subject. a. balance b. simplicity c. completeness d. coherence e. discreteness

a. balance

When you argue that two things are related because one thing influenced or brought about the other, you are reasoning by _____________. Selected Answer: a. cause b. sign c. example d. narrative e. analogy

a. cause

When speaking about the African AIDS crisis, Maura emphasized her definition of the problem by saying, "We all know that AIDS is a deadly and devastating disease, but it can be treated." What type of supporting material was she using? a. Common knowledge b. Personal experience c. Direct observation d. Testimony e. Examples

a. common knowledge

When listeners avoid evidence and arguments that challenge what they already believe by putting conflicting ideas into separate mental boxes, they are using a resistance strategy known as ______. a. compartmentalization b. selective perception c. denial d. belittling the source e. selective listening

a. compartmentalization

Eleanor wanted to persuade a group of animal rights activists to support animal testing for a variety of medical uses. Which of the following persuasive goals was she pursuing? a. conversion b. refutation c. strengthening commitment d. compartmentalization e. consciousness raising

a. conversion

What are the three basic purposes of public speaking? a. entertaining, persuading, informing b. informing, explaining, conforming c. persuading, debating, deliberating d. explaining, debating, complaining e. deliberating, persuading, identifying

a. entertaining, persuading, informing

the tendency to believe your own culture's views are typical of, or superior to, everyone else's is known as _____ a. ethnocentrism b. subjectivity c. identification d. exigence e. salience

a. ethnocentrism

James used a ___________ to show the changes in unemployment rates over the past ten years. a. line graph b. chart c. bar graph d. pie graph e. textual graphics

a. line graph

The boomerang effect occurs when __________. a. listeners are overwhelmed by a compelling argument and feel inadequate to bring about change b. speakers use evidence which contradicts their own arguments c. listeners give negative feedback to a speaker about the effectiveness of the persuasive appeal d. listeners give positive feedback to a speaker about the effectiveness of the persuasive appeal e. speakers use circular arguments which are not well supported by the evidence

a. listeners are overwhelmed by a compelling argument and feel inadequate to bring about change

The most basic theory of _________ is that people seek pleasure and avoid pain a. motivation b. persuasion c. deliberation d. needs e. resonance

a. motivation

the two types of outlines are ____________ a. preparation and presentation b. formal and informal c. informative and persuasive d. manuscript and memorized e. rhetorical and situational

a. preparation and presentation

Juan knows that his PTA organization is concerned with weapons and violence in local schools. He hopes to persuade them to support stricter rules and increased security at the schools to combat these problems. What is Juan's persuasive purpose? a. Strengthening commitment b. Refuting a position c. Conversion d. Inducing a specific action e. Weakening commitment

a. strengthening commitment

In an introduction, it is NOT necessary to __________. a. summarize the main points b. influence the audience to view the speaker and the topic favorably c. gain the audience's attention d. clarify the purpose or thesis of the speech e. preview the development of the topic

a. summarize the main points

When outlining, checking for proper subordination ensures that _____________ a. the supporting material is relevant to the main point that it supports b. the purpose of the speech is appropriate to the situation c. the sentences are complete d. the main points are parallel in importance e. the claims in the outline are precise and clear

a. the supporting material is relevant to the main point that it supports

One major drawback to using visual aids in a speech is ________ a. they can distract the audience from the message b. most speakers lake the artistic talent to make them look nice c. the distract the speaker who has to handle them d. they are difficult to carry to class e. they oversimplify complex information

a. they can distract the audience from the message

Citing statistics in the introduction works best when _______. a. they contradict beliefs commonly held by the listeners b. they are accompanied by visual aids c. they confirm beliefs commonly held by the listeners d. they are drawn from a national survey e. they are rounded off

a. they contradict beliefs commonly held by the listeners

Controversial topics need to be addressed _________. a. with respect for the audience and the rhetorical situation b. with strong conviction by the speaker c. without concern for the rhetorical situation d. with caution by the speaker e. with sincerity by the speaker

a. with respect for audience and the rhetorical situation

which of the following strategies promotes clarity in speech? a. Word economy b. Stories c. Personification d. Repetition e. Metaphor

a. word economy

when you aim to make the audience aware of an issue or problem they had not previously known about, your informative purpose will likely be _____

agenda setting

When Jeri argued that the rise in teen pregnancy over the past twenty years is the direct result of sex education in primary schools, he was using what type of causal reasoning? a. Prediction b. Assignment of responsibility c. Steps to a goal d. Common cause e. Explanation

b. Assignment of responsibility

Phillip gave a persuasive speech about why people should not smoke. His classmate, Morris, refused to accept Phillip's arguments, even though they were well supported, because he thought Phillip was just another "do-good liberal" who wanted to curtail people's freedom. Which act of selective perception did Morris exhibit? a. Dismissal b. Belittling the source c. Denial d. Compartmentalization e. The boomerang effect

b. Belittling the source

In his speech about effective study skills, Mark said, "Preparing for a test without reading is like going fishing without bait." What type of reasoning is he using? a. Sign b. Figurative analogy c. Literal analogy d. Hypothetical example e. Factual example

b. Figurative analogy

Wanda wanted a visual aid to show the series of choices one should make when selecting an investment strategy. What type of visual aid would serve her best? a. Photograph b. Flowchart c. Pie graph d. Statistical chart e. Diagram

b. Flowchart

Which of the following audiences is a voluntary audience? a. Students in a required public speaking class b. Members of the Rotary Club at a luncheon c. Employees whose jobs depend on their participation in a seminar d. Students at a required school assembly e. Children accompanying their parents to a PTA meeting

b. Members of the Rotary Club at a luncheon

Nancy heard on the news that 65 percent of Republicans opposed the administration's health care plan. When she met with the Young Republicans on campus, she assumed that no one there supported the policy. What fallacy was she committing? a. Ignoring the question b. Mistaking probability for certainty c. Non sequitur d. Equivocation e. Ignoring the facts

b. Mistaking probability for certainty

Which of the following statements is a statement of fact? a. The two-party political system has developed into an adversarial approach to lawmaking. b. Mortgage rates are at a 20-year low. c. The United States must protect itself from international terrorism. d. Laptop computer prices are bound to drop over the next five years.

b. Mortgage rates are at a 20-year low.

What portion(s) of an extemporaneous speech should be completely memorized? a. The introduction and all transitions b. The introduction and conclusion c. The main points d. All direct quotations e. No part should be memorized

b. The introduction and conclusion

Duke's speech about smoking covered these main ideas: I. Smoking is a health hazard. II. Smoking can cause cancer. III. Smoking can cause death. What characteristic of good main points has Duke violated? a. The main points are not simple. b. The main points are not discrete. c. The main points are not balanced. d. The main points are not complete. e. The main points are not coherent.

b. The main points are not discrete.

When Dave gave the toast at his best friend's wedding reception, he failed to notice the shocked looks as he told some off-color stories about the happy couple's dating life. What quality of decorum did Drew violate in this example? a. The toast was too long. b. The speech did not meet the expectations of the audience in this occasion. c. The audience did not like the speaker. d. The toast did not reflect the speaker's true feelings. e. The emotions were too intense for the listeners.

b. The speech did not meet the expectations of the audience in this occasion.

Which of the following statements about commencement speeches is FALSE? a. They need to have a broad scope beyond the specific occasion. b. They should be aimed exclusively at the graduates. c. Most are eminently forgettable. d. Their purpose is to challenge the graduates. e. The speaker's ethos is presumed to transfer to the graduates.

b. They should be aimed exclusively at the graduates.

Which of the following conditions give rise to deliberative speaking? a. During a funeral b. When a decision is required c. When the listeners do not identify with the speaker d. During a public celebration e. During a commemoration event

b. When a decision is required

According to the textbook, public speaking occurs as a response to _________ a. a speaker's urge to speak out b. a specific situation c. the audience's need to know something d. a request to see the speaker in person e. feedback from the audience

b. a specific situation

While delivering her speech, the speaker keeps dropping the final "g" from words such as "givin'" and "makin'." This is an example of what concept of vocal delivery? a. Dialect b. Articulation c. Inflection d. Pronunciation e. Repetition

b. articulation

A situation in which people's understanding can be changed through messages is a(n) a. occasional b. rhetorical c. critical d. strategic e. purposive

b. rhetorical

Visual aids should be selected by carefully considering the _______ a. speaker and the message b. audience and the purpose of the speech c. supporting material, the reasoning, and the claim d. culture and demographics of the audience e. thesis of the speech and the size of the room

b. audience and the purpose of the speech

When you tailor your speech to the educational level of your audience, you are focusing your audience analysis on __________. a. audience psychology b. audience demographics c. audience interests d. audience culture e. audience knowledge

b. audience demographics

The main ideas in an outline should be clearly related to each other; they should "hang together." This characteristic is called ___________. a. balance b. coherence c. discreteness d. simplicity e. parallel structure

b. coherence

A topoi is __________. a. the replacement of one set of beliefs by another b. common or typical categories for organizing subject matter c. a mental free-association exercise in which one identifies the first thought that comes into their mind d. the point of view from which the audience approaches a topic e. a form of reasoning fallacy

b. common or typical categories for organizing subject matter

The specific purpose statement clearly identifies the __________. a. goal of the audience b. desired outcome of the speech c. central idea of the speech d. principle claim of the speech e. speaker's agenda

b. desired outcome of the speech

An effective conclusion should NOT ___________. a. signal the end b. establish identification with the audience c. remind the audience of the key points d. make a final appeal e. be memorable

b. establish identification with the audience

Part of your audience analysis should be an examination of audience demographics, which includes a description of audience ____________. a. knowledge and experiences b. gender, age range, and educational level c. interests and attitudes d. interests, beliefs, values, and experiences e. perceptions, selective exposure, and selective attention

b. gender, age range, and educational level

Speakers should keep in mind that most audiences are _____. a. captive b. heterogeneous c. demographic d. stereotypical e. homogeneous

b. heterogeneous

When a speaker supports a claim by telling a dramatic story from which the listeners will draw a lesson or conclusion that validates the speaker's point, this reasoning by __________. a. testimony b. narrative c. analogy d. sign e. cause

b. narrative

The topics, hobbies, and experiences that are important to your audience make up their _____________. a. self-interests b. personal interests c. reference groups d. beliefs and values e. cultural facts

b. personal interests

Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements of the rhetorical situation? a. occasion b. purpose c. speech d. speaker e. audience

b. purpose

Many people misunderstand the term "persuasion," believing that it only involves ___________. a. moving the audience from attitude to action b. reversing an audience's beliefs or actions c. motivating listeners to pursue a higher level of needs d. leading the audience away from "short cuts" and toward elaboration e. inducing a specific action

b. reversing an audience's beliefs or actions

Informative strategies ask listeners to _________

change their understanding of a subject

One way listeners resist persuasion is to attend to and remember only the parts of a message that they already agree with and to interpret ambiguous messages in a way that supports what they already believe. When listeners engage in this process, they are resisting persuasion by ____________ a. belittling the source b. selective listening c. selective acceptance d. ignoring the question e. selective perception

b. selective listening

Reasoning by sign proceeds by _______. a. arguing that two things that are basically alike in most respects will also be alike with respect to the issue at hand b. showing that when one thing stands for another, we can infer the existence of what it stands for c. using a powerful story to lead the audience to the conclusion you want to support d. using specific instances to infer a general conclusion e. inferring that facts or opinions from a reliable source are accurate and trustworthy

b. showing that when one thing stands for another, we can infer the existence of what it stands for

A toast is a miniature version of a(n) _________ a. introduction b. speech of tribute c. acceptance speech d. eulogy e. speech of greeting

b. speech of tribute

According to your textbook, ________ are two invaluable general skills that are emphasized through the study of public speaking. a. persuading and entertaining b. strategic planning and critical thinking c. hearing and speaking d. organizing and memorizing e. evaluating and opinionating

b. strategic planning and critical thinking

Sarah reasoned that (1) she had earned A's in three previous English classes, (2) past success predicts future success, and (3) she will likely get an A in her next English class. In this example of a rhetorical proof, statement (1) is the ___________. a. attention getter b. supporting material c. reasoning d. proof e. claim

b. supporting material

You are interested in purchasing a baseball bat, so you visit the local sporting goods store. You see Keen GriffyJr. at a book selling a particular brand of baseball bats, vouching that he uses this bat and that it dramatically increased his batting average. This is an example of what type of supporting material? a. Direct observation. b. Testimony c. Statistics d. Example e. Sponsorship

b. testimony

Jiajing is planning a speech on the Chinese occupation of Tibet, but he is not sure how to create identification with his classmates. What element of the rhetorical situation is he concerned with? a. the speech b. the audience c. the purpose d. the occasion e. the speaker

b. the audience

The occasion, an element of the rhetorical situation, includes the a. the speech and the invention. b. the setting and the purpose. c. speaker and the audience. d. speech and feedback. e. style and memory.

b. the setting and the purpose.

Because the speaker must provide connections to help the audience bridge the gap between the elements of the speech, it is important to include _________ in the speech. a. personal credibility b. transitions c. a summary d. analogies e. rhetorical questions

b. transitions

Which of the following is NOT one of the methods for resisting persuasion that are used by listeners? a. Compartmentalization b. Uncritical thinking c. Polysemy d. The boomerang effect e. Denial

b. uncritical thinking

James opened his speech by saying, "Today, I, uh, want to, um, talk about, like, how dangerous it is, like, at our high schools right now." James is having trouble with _____. a. inflection b. vocalized pauses c. articulation d. pronunciation e. enunciation

b. vocalized pauses

Which of the following is NOT a guideline for the effective use of analogies? a. Use analogies sparingly to avoid overwhelming the sudience. b. Avoid farfetched analogies so as not to stretch common sense. c. Avoid analogies where the similarities outweigh the differences. d. Avoid trite analogies because the listeners have heard them before. e. Analyze the two things you're comparing for similarities and differences.

c. Avoid analogies where the similarities outweigh the differences.

Which of the following is TRUE of eulogies? a. Formally placing the candidate's name into nomination b. Showing the fitness of the candidate for office c. Drawing the audience together in support of common values d. Making the importance of the office clear to the audience e. Guiding and persuading the audience to accept a particular leader

c. Drawing the audience together in support of common values

Which of the following statements is good advice for a speaker's physical appearance? a. Pay no attention to appearance; it does not affect the audience's response to the speech. b. If you have the habit of brushing you hair back, wear a hat. c. Dress more formally than your audience. d. Begin speaking just before you reach the podium so you appear eager and confident. e. Dress just like your audience so as to create identification.

c. Dress more formally than your audience.

During strategic planning, you will engage in the following activities: a. Identifying the thesis, purpose, constraints, and opportunities. b. Identifying supporting materials, arguments, and claims. c. Identifying the purpose, constraints, opportunities, and means. d. Identifying the rhetorical situation, the occasion, and the speaker. e. Identifying the topic, means, specific purpose, and organizational pattern.

c. Identifying the purpose, constraints, opportunities, and means.

What concept of delivery applies to the sentence as a whole? a. Enunciation b. Articulation c. Inflection d. Pronunciation e. All of the above

c. Inflection

Which of the following statements is good advice for a speaker's use of movement? a. Move around the room as much as possible, stopping only to mark transitions in the speech. b. Keep one hand in your pocket to convey a sense of comfort and ease with the audience. c. Move toward the audience when you want to emphasize a point and promote a sense of connection with your listeners. d. Shift your weight from side to side even while standing still to maintain a sense of movement. e. Stay directly behind the podium at all times because it communicates stability to the audience.

c. Move toward the audience when you want to emphasize a point and promote a sense of connection with your listeners.

When Martin Luther King, Jr., opened his famous "I Have a Dream" speech by saying, "I am happy to join with you today in what will go down in history as the greatest demonstration for freedom in the history of our nation," he was using what type of introduction? a. Using an analogy b. Stating the importance of the topic c. Referring to the speech situation d. Telling a story e. Citing statistics and making claims

c. Referring to the speech situation

Which of the following questions is the speaker addressing when deciding whether to rely on the "primacy effect" or the"recency effect?" a. Should my most entertaining example be in my introduction or my conclusion? b. How many days before my speech should I start writing my outline? c. Should my strongest ideas come first or last in my speech? d. How independent are my main ideas? e. Should the audience participate at the beginning of the speech or at the end?

c. Should my strongest ideas come first or last in my speech?

Which of the following characteristics of a speech is affected by the size of your audience? a. The length of your speech b. The type of organizational pattern c. The degree of formality of your presentation d. The impact of your attention getter e. The amount of supporting material you use

c. The degree of formality of your presentation

According to your textbook, which of the following is NOT a common problem related to pauses in a speech? a. The speaker pauses at the wrong places b. The speaker does not pause long enough c. The speaker uses pauses to mark transitions d. The speaker pauses too often e. The speaker uses vocalized pauses

c. The speaker uses pauses to mark transitions

When a room is too large, sometimes a speaker needs to enhance vocal volume by using ___________ a. enunciation b. higher pitch c. amplification d. resonance e. projection

c. amplification

When using computer-generated visual aids, which basic design principle is very easy to ignore or violate? a. identification b. success c. constraints d. decorum e. formality

c. constraints

Most student classroom speeches should employ the _____ style a. memorized b. novice c. conversational d. impromptu e. performative

c. conversational

Alan Shore delivered the closing arguments in a highly controversial murder trial. What type of speech was he giving? a. Epideictic b. Ceremonial c. Forensic d. Defensive e. Deliberative

c. forensic

Which of the following is a sign of a healthy public forum? a. decreasing willingness to debate public issues b. broad recognition of political and advertising slogans c. increasing emphasis on civic engagement on college campuses d. declining interest in public debates e. increasing attention to information sources that support one's own point of view

c. increasing emphasis on civic engagement on college campuses

A complete transition should follow what order? a. internal preview, link, internal summary b. internal preview, internal summary, link c. internal summary, link, internal preview d. link, internal summary, internal preview

c. internal summary, link, internal preview

In his famous Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln urged his listeners to rededicate themselves to the cause of freedom so that the soldiers buried there would not have died in vain. This appeal reflects the strategy of _________ a. creating a cliche' b. reinterpreting a common past c. invoking common values d. reinterpreting events e. emphasizing people

c. invoking common values

Your presentation outline should identify supporting materials by using __________ a. a full text of all evidence b. only direct quotations c. key words d. complete sentences e. footnotes

c. key words

What is the most significant resource for creating an effective speaking style? a. Interesting supporting material b. Vocal variety c. Language d. Gestures e. Eye contact

c. language

When outlining, checking for proper coordination ensures that the _______________ a. The outline helps you remember the claims you want to make and the order in which you plan to make them. b. The outline helps to clarify and select the best organizational strategy for the speech. c. The outline helps you determine the specific purpose of your speech. d. The outline helps you be sure you have covered your topic adequately. e. The outline helps to ensure that the organizational pattern is sensible and consistent.

c. main points are parallel in importance

In his Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln used the phrase, "government of the people, by the people, and for the people," he was employing which stylistic device? a. Alliteration b. Metaphor c. Parallel wording d. Antithesis e. Inverted word order

c. parallel wording

Emil gave a speech about growing up in Israel. As support, he discussed his home life, his schooling, and his life in the military. What type of supporting material is this? a. Expert testimony b. Statistics Correctc. Personal Experience d. Documentary e. Direct observation

c. personal experience

Visual aids known as representations include _____ a. people, text graphics, and sequence of steps b. flowcharts, objects, and models c. photographs, diagrams, and maps d. easels, flipcharts, and slides e. bar graphs, line graphs, and pie charts

c. photographs, diagrams, and maps

When your audience analysis focuses on the perceptual processes of the audience, including their tendencies toward selective exposure and selective attention, you are assessing audience _____________. a. feedback b. demographics c. psychology d. interests e. culture

c. psychology

Alex was discouraged when he came up to bat against Mariano. He reasoned that, (1) he had struck out three straight times against Mariano, (2) that past results tend to predict future results, so (3) he would probably strike out again. In this example, statement (2) is the ___________. a. truth b. supporting material c. reasoning d. pathos e. claim

c. reasoning

"Reflexivity" refers to the tendency of speakers to ________ more than writers. a. analyze their ideas b. define their terms c. refer to themselves and to the audience d. repeat themselves e. use less complex sentence structures

c. refer to themselves and to the audience

Captive audiences often are forced to listen to speeches about topics they do not find interesting. As a result, ________ often occurs. a. passive resistance b. passive restraint c. selective attention d. selective exposure e. natural selection

c. selective attention

It is important to have "resonance" with your listeners when presenting a narrative ______________. a. so that the listeners will feel good about themselves b. so that the listeners will question their current thinking and be persuaded c. so that your audience can identify and relate the story to their experience d. so that your audience can understand what you are saying more clearly. e. so that your audience will see you as a reliable source

c. so that your audience can identify and relate the story to their experience

The strength of a ceremonial speech depends primarily on the _______ a. clarity of the informative strategies b. appearance of the speaker c. speaker's ability to use words and images to capture the occasion d. strength of the supporting material e. the speaker's ability to use compelling reasoning

c. speaker's ability to use words and images to capture the occasion

Jesse argued in his speech that drug use really isn't a problem among teens because no one he knows has even tried drugs. In this argument, Jesse's friends are used as examples, but this reasoning by example fails because ______. a. the examples are hypothetical b. the examples are analogous c. the examples are not representative d. the examples are false e. the examples lack narrative elements

c. the examples are not representative

When visual aids fail, most often it is because ______ a. they distracted the audience b. the audience did not understand them c. the speaker did not use them properly d. they were not properly color-coded e. they were inappropriate to the topic

c. the speaker did not use them properly

All of the following are goals of research in preparation for a speech EXCEPT _____________. a. to make your ideas relevant to the audience b. to develop or strengthen your own expertise in the topic c. to organize your information d. to find evidence that supports your ideas e. to make your ideas clear and understandable for your audience

c. to organize your information

Speeches employing the informative strategy of reporting answer which question? a. What's up? b. What should we do? c. What happened? d. Who cares? e. Why should I listen?

c. what happened?

Which of the following phrases best reflects the principle of reasoning by sign? a. "Consider the source." b. "If you've seen one, you've seen them all." c. "One thing leads to another." d. "Where there's smoke, there's fire." e. "Like father, like son."

d. "Where there's smoke, there's fire."

"Discreteness" refers to which of the following qualities? a. Every main point is connected to all other main points. b. All subpoints are made clear to the listener. c. Each main point is examined in great detail. d. Each main point is separate from the others. e. Each main point is stated clearly,

d. Each main point is separate from the others.

Which of the following questions should most concern a speaker when opening a speech with a quotation? a. Will the audience recognize the quote? b. Is the source of my quote credible? c. Is the quote startling enough to gain attention? d. Is the quote clearly tied to my thesis? e. Do the listeners know the person I'm quoting?

d. Is the quote clearly tied to my thesis?

Which of the following is NOT a strategy for respecting cultural diversity during topic selection? a. Identify the constraints and opportunities posed by this diversity b. Select a topic that is important to both you and your audience c. Evaluate your audience's prior commitment to your topic d. Select a topic that promotes cultural stereotypes and name-calling e. Select a topic that reduces stereotypes and promotes commonality

d. Select a topic that promotes cultural stereotypes and name-calling

"Chocolate is high in fat, but healthy, and is often considered an aphrodisiac." This statement would NOT make a main idea because it lacks __________. a. completeness b. balance c. coherence d. simplicity e. discreteness

d. Simplicity

According to your textbook, what is the last step in practicing your speech? a. Running through the speech in your mind before an imaginary audience. b. Getting an extension on the due date. c. Practicing orally under a variety of conditions d. Simulating the actual conditions under which the speech will be given. e. Talking through your presentation outline several time to test its effectiveness.

d. Simulating the actual conditions under which the speech will be given.

A thesis statement is _______________. a. a paragraph that explains what the speech is about b. a word that signifies the importance of the speech c. a statement that establishes your personal credibility d. a succinct single sentence that states the central purpose of the speech e. a highly complicated and technical statement that is difficult for the audience to understand

d. a succinct single sentence that states the central purpose of the speech

Walt wanted to give his five-minute informative speech about the causes and consequences of the federal budget deficit. However, this topic is NOT ___________. a. comprehensible b. important to the speaker or the audience c. suitable for oral delivery d. appropriate in scope for the allotted time e. clear enough to adequately explain

d. appropriate in scope for the allotted time

You plan to give a speech to high school seniors which will provide them with a vivid mental image of dorm life. You will probably rely most upon the informative strategy of __

describing

What purpose(s) do pauses serve in a speech? a. Emphasis b. Mark transitions c. Gives the audience a break d. Both A and C e. Both A and B

e. Both A and B

Reasoning by analogy proceeds by ___________. a. inferring that facts or opinions from a reliable source are accurate or trustworthy b. showing how one thing influences or brings about another c. using specific instances to infer a general conclusion d. arguing that two things that are basically alike in most respects will also be alike with respect to the issue at hand e. using a powerful story to lead the audience to the conclusion you want to support

d. arguing that two things that are basically alike in most respects will also be alike with respect to the issue at hand

Statements that listeners regard to be true are ______. a. perceptions b. values c. personal interests d. beliefs e. allusions

d. beliefs

Selective influence can be prompted by which two conditions? a. compartmentalization and belittling b. ethos and pathos c. consciousness raising and refutation d. boomerang effect and polysemy e. resonance and decorum

d. boomerang effect and polysemy

Chuck was nervously preparing a short speech, which he was to deliver as a toast at his best friend's wedding. What type of speech is he planning? a. persuasive b. deliberative c. forensic d. ceremonial e. rhetorical

d. ceremonial

Concrete words, maxims, and the active voice help to increase the ________ of your message a. vividness b. orality c. rhythm d. clarity e. irony

d. clarity

The limits place upon the speaker's choices by the rhetorical situation are called ______ a. strategies b. arrangements c. opportunities d. constraints e. inventions

d. constraints

Hillary's informative speech focused on clarifying the audience's understanding of feminism. What informative strategy did she need to rely upon most? a. Reporting b. Describing c. Demonstrating d. Defining e. Agenda setting

d. defining

_____________ is the principle/process of using effective voice, gestures, and facial expressions a. style b. memory c. arrangement d. delivery e. invention

d. delivery

Each main idea in an outline should address a separate idea so that the information under the main headings does not overlap. This characteristic is known as _______. a. simplicity b. parallel structure c. coherence d. discreteness e. balance

d. discreteness

What are the three basic purposes for public speaking? a. persuading, debating, deliberating b. informing, explaining, conforming c. deliberating, persuading, identifying d. entertaining, persuading, informing e. explaining, debating, complaining

d. entertaining, persuading, informing

Asking the audience to imagine themselves in a particular situation is an example of _____________. = a. brief example b. anecdote c. imaginary example d. hypothetical example e. extended example

d. hypothetical example

the most common type of delivery for major presidential policy speeches is ______ a. impromptu b. mesmerized c. memorized d. manuscript e. exemporaneous

d. manuscript

With __________ delivery, the speaker runs the risk of ignoring the audience. a. spontaneous b. teleprompted c. impromptu d. memorized e. extemporaneous

d. memorized

When Eugene began talking faster to add excitement to a story in his speech, he was using which dimension of vocal delivery? a. Pronunciation b. Empathy c. Volume d. Rate e. Pitch

d. rate

During the __________stage of strategic planning you will decide what reasoning, organizational pattern,and supporting material to use. a. promoting your ethos b. identifying your purpose c. identifying constraints d. selecting the means e. identifying opportunities

d. selecting the means

Kai usually did not listen carefully to her classmates' speeches. However, when Andre gave a speech about her favorite city, Paris, she focused intently on the speech and followed very point carefully. This is an example of _________. a. selective exposure b. favoritism c. rhetorical situation d. selective attention e. selective stereotyping

d. selective attention

When you rely on the information or opinions of others to support your claims, you are using reasoning by ________. a. analogy b. cause c. narrative d. testimony e. example

d. testimony

Caleb knew that he fellow union members opposed a plan to cut overtime at the plant, but he wanted them to view it more positively. He planned to discuss the likelihood that the plant would close altogether if payroll costs were not reduced. His purpose was to ______________. a. to weaken commitment b. to strengthen commitment c. to fight for a lost cause d. to provide new information or perspective

d. to provide new information or persepctive

Talia presented a speech about how to give a pedicure, covering several steps in a specific order. Her informative strategy was __

demonstrating

Al wants to give an informative speech about global warming. He wants to describe how global warming occurs and what its consequences are. What organizational patter is best suited for this speech? a. Categorial b. Spatial c. Chronological d. Problem-solution e. Cause-effect

e. Cause-effect

Sue and her teammates decided to honor their coach at a banquet with a plaque thanking hem for all of his hard work. What type of speech will Sue be giving when she presents this award? a. Persuasive b. Informative c. Deliberative d. Extemporaneous e. Ceremonial

e. Ceremonial

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the use of chalkboards to display visual aids? a. Drawing on the chalkboard promotes eye contact with the audience. b. using the chalkboard allows the speaker to maintain the flow of the speech. c. Chalkboards are considered professional equipment. d. Drawing on the chalkboard does not affect the speaker's vocal quality. e. Chalkboards are very accessible to most student speakers.

e. Chalkboards are very accessible to most student speakers.

Which of the following represent the two types of testimony? a. Personal and factual b. Hypothetical and brief c. Anecdotal and opinion d. Inference and interpretation e. Factual and opinion

e. Factual and opinion

Which of the following comparative statements of written style and oral style is FALSE? a. Oral style is more repetitive than written style. b. Oral style is more reflexive than written style. c. Oral style has more potential for clutter than written style. d. Oral style is less formal than written style. e. Oral style is more complex than written style.

e. Oral style is more complex than written style.

Which element of the conclusion functions to alert the listeners that the conclusion is beginning? a. Make a personal reference b. Summarizing the main ideas c. Making a final appeal d. Saying "thank you" and sitting down e. Signaling the end

e. Signaling the end

Which of the following is a characteristic of mathematical or scientific proof? a. The support involves values and judgments. b. It cannot be proven, it can only be supported. c. The strength of the support is determined by the speaker and the audience together. d. It can only be used by scientific experts. e. The claims can often be proved with certainty.

e. The claims can often be proved with certainty.

Which of the following characteristics should be identical in both the preparation and presentation outlines? a. The level of detail b. The stage directions c. Complete sentences d. The bibliography e. The structure of the main points and subpoints

e. The structure of the main points and subpoints

What is the best advice for maintaining eye contact when speaking to a large audience? a. Make eye contact only with the listeners close enough to notice. b. Don't worry about eye contact with a group that large, since no one will really notice. c. Focus just above the listeners' heads so as not to be intimidated by the size of the crowd. d. Focus on four general groups of listeners and shift from one general area to another periodically. e. Try to look at as many individuals as you possibly can during the course of the speech.

e. Try to look at as many individuals as you possibly can during the course of the speech.

In public speaking, what is an exigence? a. a device for concluding the speech b. an excuse for not giving your speech c. the purpose of the speech d. a form of audience feedback e. a problem that can be managed by a good speech

e. a problem that can be managed by a good speech

Critical thinking involves a. analyzing various points of view. b. distinguishing facts from opinions. c. forming and defending judgments. d. recognizing unstated assumptions. e. all of the above

e. all of the above

Once Maurice had gathered all the information he could about his topic, he began working on determining the best structure for his main ideas. Maurice was engaged in which activity? a. delivery b. invention c. memory d. style e. arrangement

e. arrangement

An analysis of your listeners' beliefs, values, interests, and knowledge is an examination of ____________. a. audience psychology b. audience demographics c. audience ethos d. audience composition e. audience culture

e. audience culture

Listeners' first impressions of the speaker are based on ______. a. pronunciation b. audience analysis c. vocal qualities d. stereotypes e. body movements

e. body movements

Speaking occasions can be classified into three categories: a. extemporaneous, memorized, and manuscript b. introduction, body, and conclusion c. captive, voluntary, and hostile d. active, passive, and interactive e. ceremonial, deliberative, and forensic

e. ceremonial, deliberative, and forensic

Rhetorical proof consists of __________. Selected Answer: a. reasonableness, standards, and critical listening b. a claim, credibility, and common ground c. reasons, rhetoric, and shared values d. common values, beliefs, and judgments e. claim, supporting material, and reasoning

e. claim, supporting material, and reasoning

When a speaker supports an idea by offering facts gathered by someone else, this type of supporting material is _________. = a. case study b. opinion testimony c. survey d. direct observation e. factual testimony

e. factual testimony

_________ speaking is the dominant form of speaking in court. a. Ceremonial b. Deliberative c. Argumentative d. Manuscript e. Forensic

e. forensic

You are assigned to research a recent Supreme Court decision and need to find the actual text of the decision. Why type of source would be most reliable for this purpose? a. Reference works b. Special-interest periodicals c. Newpapers d. Popular periodicals e. Government documents

e. government documents

Which type of example asks listeners to imagine a situation that, although it is not real, provides a realistic depiction of a problem or issue? a. Case study b. Brief example c. Anecdote d. Expert testimony e. Hypothetical example

e. hypothetical example

The study of public speaking will benefit you by a. helping you find a purpose. b. organizing your own thinking. c. motivating your listeners. d. convincing your listeners. e. increasing your self-confidence.

e. increasing your self-confidence.

Michelle, an advocate for women's rights, used her persuasive speech to urge her classmates to participate in the campus "Take Back the Night" event. Her purpose was to _____________. a. set an agenda b. strengthen a commitment c. create a new perspective d. strengthen a feeling e. induce a specific action

e. induce a specific action

A captive audience is _____ than a voluntary audience. a. less self-interested b. more universal c. more heterogeneous d. less stereotypical e. less motivated

e. less motivated

Which type of outline is developed in detail while composing the speech? a. Presentation outline b. Discrete outline c. Rough outline d. Key word outline e. Preparation outline

e. preparation

The two basic components of organization are _______. a. ideas and evidence b. main points and subpoints c. organizing and outlining d. ethos and clarity e. selection and arrangement

e. selection and arrangement

Malcolm supported his arguments about injustice in criminal sentencing with _____________ that compared the conviction rates of blacks with the conviction rates of whites for similar crimes. a. testimony b. examples c. analogies d. documents e. statistics

e. statistics

The process of deciding how a speech can best achieve its purpose is called __________ a. converting the audience b. inducing reinforcement c. strengthening the purpose d. agenda setting e. strategic planning

e. strategic planning

It is best to deliver handouts at __________ of the speech. a. either the beginning or the end b. the end c. either the beginning or the middle d. the middle e. the beginning

e. the beginning

Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of persuasion? a. to cause listeners to change their minds b. to move people from belief to action c. to influence what listeners will think about d. to move people from one belief to another e. to increase listeners' understanding of the topic

e. to increase listeners understanding of the topic

When an object is too small to be seen by the audience, the speaker's next best option is to __________ a. abandon the idea of using a visual aid for that point b. use a picture of the object c. pass the object around d. draw an illustration of the object e. use a working model

e. use a working model

A factual statement is one that your audience can _____ a. ignore with prejudice b. accept uncritically c. repeat to others d. judge subjectively e. verify independently

e. verify independently

A hostile audience is best persuaded through use of which persuasive strategy? a. strengthening commitment b. coercive action c. inducing specific action d. conversion e. weakening commitment

e. weakening commitment

"Strengthening commitment" is not really a persuasive goal because it addresses issues that the audience already agrees with. true or false?

false

A well-written essay generally makes a good manuscript for a speech. True or false?

false

Challenging listeners' self-interests is an effective strategy for influencing your audience to view the topic favorably. true or false?

false

Even though the requirements for informing and persuading are similar, the constraints faced by the speaker are far greater for informing than for persuading. True or false?

false

Forensic speaking is commonly used in legislative assembly and is concerned with the question, "What shall we do?" true or false?

false

Heterogeneity refers to cultural similarity among audience members. true or false?

false

Identifying listeners' reference groups is fairly simple because most listeners belong to just one reference group. true or false?

false

Informing and persuading are distinctively separate goals and activities. true or false?

false

It is safe to assume that audience members will interpret your message in the manner the speaker intends. true or false?

false

It's safe to assume that audience members share the cultural values of the speaker. Selected Answer: true or false?

false

Most speakers typically choose language carefully and consciously, exercising considerable control over perceptions of style True or false?

false

Rhetorical claims and scientific claims can be proven in much the same way. true or false?

false

Sign reasoning is usually effective because most signs are infallible. true or false?

false

Style and content are two separate elements of a speech. True or False?

false

The audience is never a factor in determining how a speaker will support his/her claims. true or false?

false

The average person uses deliberative speaking far more often in group discussions than in formal reports and presentations. True or false?

false

The persuasive goal of "conversion" is far easier than the goal of "strengthening commitment." true or false?

false

When selecting main ideas, the speaker should try to include any ideas for which he or she has lots of good supporting material. true or false?

false

When speaking to an audience of listeners who are strongly opposed to one's position, it is best to pursue the purpose of inducing a specific action. true or false?

false

Bil wants his classmates who complain about a lack of activities to join student government and the student activity board. His persuasive goal is ____

induce a specific action

Dr. Chadri spoke to a group of senior citizens about the many alternative treatments available for the most common medical complaints among those over the age of 55. Her speech served what purpose?

providing new information

When you know that your audience already agrees with you, you should use the persuasive strategy of ______

strengthening commitment

"Forgetting curve" refers so ____________

the rate at which information is forgotten over time

"Polysemy" is an obstacle to persuasion related to the fact that different listeners interpret the same message in different ways. True or False?

true

A good topic is interesting to the audience, but when an audience has a high level of interest in a topic, their existing bias may prevent them from listening carefully. true or false?

true

A poorly organized speech forces listeners to use additional mental energy to reconstruct the speaker's ideas. true or false?

true

A strategic plan is aimed at responding to the rhetorical situation and it identifies the purpose of the speech, the constraints on the speech, and the opportunities provided by the situation. true or false?

true

Agenda setting speeches get listeners to think about speeches they had previously ignored. true or false?

true

Deliberative speaking uses strategies of both informing and persuading. true or false?

true

For many students, choosing a topic is the most difficult part of the speech-making process. true or false?

true

Generally, rhetorical proofs are reasonable if diverse listeners, using critical judgment, would accept them. true or false?

true

In a rhetorical proof, reasoning links the supporting material to the claim. true or false?

true

Inaugural addresses generally seek to both unify a group and set an agenda for the future true or false?

true

Informative speaking can create positive feeling among the audience members because knowledge and information are power, so being informed makes listeners feel powerful. True or false?

true

It is more important for a speaker to make his or her arrangement structure explicit than it is for a writer to do so. True or false?

true

It is recommended that a speaker begin with ideas that are relatively familiar to listeners rather than with ideas that are unfamiliar. true or false?

true

Listeners appreciate and support speakers who address their interests, concerns, and beliefs. true or false?

true

Resonance is the speaker's ability to express the audience's unexpressed feelings true or false?

true

Rhetorical proof justifies claims rather than proving them. true or false?

true

Selective attention is the tendency of listeners to focus on aspects of a message they agree with and to dismiss or ignore aspects of a message they disagree with. true or false?

true

Speakers exhibit decorum when they fit their speech to the expectations of the listeners in a particular occasion. true or false?

true

Speeches which use defining strategies are partly persuasive because defining terms always influences listeners about things in a certain way. true or false?

true

The informative strategy of explaining focuses on providing a deeper understanding of people, events, policies, or processes. true or false?

true

The same strategies that improve attention also encourage retention. true or false?

true

The two basic components of organization are selection and arrangement. true or false?

true

Topics with elaborate arguments or highly technical information should be avoided as topics for speeches. true o false?

true

Unlike written compositions, speeches often contain direct references to both the speaker and the audience. True or false?

true

Voluntary audiences generally are more motivated and receptive to the speaker's message. true or false

true

When speakers aim to induce a specific action, they often do not care about the beliefs and attitudes of individual listeners, as long as the audience ends up doing what the speaker wants. true or false?

true

When you have too many main ideas to cover in a speech, it is a good idea to combine ideas under a more general set of main points. true or false?

true