Combo with KRS 673 - Review
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The practice of taking a small random sample of nonrespondents to a survey is primarily intended to try to raise the percentage of returns to at least 50%.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A research hypothesis is directly testable.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? An important advantage of the qualitative method is that field notes are easier to interpret than are quantitative data.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? If ANOVA has found a significant difference among four treatment groups, a follow-up test such as the Scheffé is needed to determine which of the groups differ significantly from the others.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? If the null hypothesis is false, one may assume the research hypothesis to be the explanation for the results if all other possible explanations have been controlled.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? If the null hypothesis is false, one may assume the research hypothesis to be the explanation for the results if p < .05.
age level
"A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." - In this study, the categorical variable is ___________.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Random assignment is one indicator of high-quality qualitative designs research.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Random assignment is one indicator of high-quality single subject designs research.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Research journal articles are the primary sources of a literature review.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Semantic differential items are most difficult to analyze in a questionnaire study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The abstract of a study should dwell primarily on the theoretical bases for the study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The approach taken by action research is largely deductive reasoning.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The approach taken by action research is largely inductive reasoning.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The inductive and deductive processes are important in empirically testing the hypotheses.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The inductive and deductive processes are important in the statement of the problem.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The most current indexes are the primary sources of a literature review.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The practice of taking a small random sample of nonrespondents to a survey is primarily intended to identify outliers.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The practice of taking a small random sample of nonrespondents to a survey is primarily intended to try to raise the percentage of returns to ensure anonymity of responses.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? This questionnaire item (which uses a yes/no format): "Do you use objective test items or essay items?" violates the item construction rule of avoid using negative items.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? To help ensure an acceptable return rate in a questionnaire study, the researcher should make liberal use of open-ended questions.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? To help ensure an acceptable return rate in a questionnaire study, the researcher should use follow-up letters or e-mails.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? To help ensure an acceptable return rate in a questionnaire study, the researcher should use follow-up phone calls.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When we say that research is empirical, we mean that the researcher collects data on which to base decisions.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When we say that research is empirical, we mean that the researcher controls all extraneous variables.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A researcher predicts that there will be a positive relationship between attitude scores and grade point average." is an example of basic assumption.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A report of a research study submitted for a four-chapter thesis and the same study prepared for a journal differ with respect to the length of the description of the methods.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A research hypothesis is nearly always the same as the null hypothesis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A research hypothesis predicts the technique used to analyze the data.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A two-way (factorial) ANOVA with more than one person per cell will yield F values for the following contrasts: two F values, one each for main effect and interaction.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A two-way (factorial) ANOVA with more than one person per cell will yield F values for the following contrasts: two F values, one each for rows and columns.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? ABA research is analyzed through visual inspection of graphs.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Clarification of researcher bias is the technique showing that the qualitative researcher was concerned with trustworthiness during data analysis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Counting how often students check out books from the library is one of the obtrusive techniques for measuring student interest in reading.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Data points need to be observed, measured and recorded frequently.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Defining volleyball skill as a score on the AAHPERD Volleyball Test is a constituted definition.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Defining volleyball skill as a score on the AAHPERD Volleyball Test is a dictionary definition.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Discriminant analysis differs from simple ANOVA in that discriminant analysis has two or more independent variables and one dependent variable.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Discriminant analysis differs from simple ANOVA in that discriminant analysis has two or more independent variables and two or more dependent variables.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Explicitly defining behavior is important in order to adequately employ sampling of participants.
b. longitudinal
In developmental studies, when one wants to determine how individual children change rather than what is typical at each stage, one would prefer the ________ method.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Trustworthiness in qualitative research deals with both data collection and analysis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Trustworthiness in qualitative research relies on a test-retest procedure.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Use of a one-tailed versus a two-tailed test of significance of the difference between two sample means depends on the size of the samples relative to population size.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Use of a one-tailed versus a two-tailed test of significance of the difference between two sample means depends on whether the difference is expected to be in one direction only.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Use of a one-tailed versus a two-tailed test of significance of the difference between two sample means depends on whether the participants were matched or chosen randomly.
FALSE
TRUE or FALSE "Variance" is another term for "mean".
"TRUE"
The major weakness of epidemiologic studies is the inability to experimentally establish cause and effect.
"FALSE"
The major weakness of epidemiologic studies is the insufficient information on diseases.
"FALSE"
The major weakness of epidemiologic studies is the insufficient time to collect data.
"FALSE"
The major weakness of epidemiologic studies is the small numbers of people as participants.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? If ANOVA has found a significant difference among four treatment groups, a follow-up test such as the Scheffé is needed to determine the percentage of variance accounted for by the treatments.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? If ANOVA has found a significant difference among four treatment groups, a follow-up test such as the Scheffé is needed to determine whether the F ratio is significantly different from chance.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In applying single subject research, the use of negative reinforcement only is important.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In considering data interpretation "data paths across phases" is important in ABA research.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In considering data interpretation "magnitude" is important in ABA research.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In considering data interpretation "rate" is important in ABA research.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In describing "Generalization" of a specific behavior after intervention suggests the targeted behavior is learned, and occurs in different environments.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In multiple regression, one is able to predict one criterion from one predictor.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In qualitative research, sampling designed to select small groups or individuals likely to be knowledgeable and informative about the phenomenon of interest is called quota sampling.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In qualitative research, sampling designed to select small groups or individuals likely to be knowledgeable and informative about the phenomenon of interest is called stratified sampling.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In qualitative research, triangulation is the method of collecting different data from three samples of participants.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Mean and level are associated with magnitude.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Mean and level are associated with rate.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Mean and level are associated with variations in data trend.
correlation
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Prediction studies use which of the following as the basic analysis technique?
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Punishment in ABA research is the addition of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of the behavior reoccurring.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Punishment in ABA research is the subtraction of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of the behavior reoccurring.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The descriptive, analytical narratives that are a trademark of qualitative research are also called assertive narratives.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The descriptive, analytical narratives that are a trademark of qualitative research are also called ethnographic anecdotes.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The descriptive, analytical narratives that are a trademark of qualitative research are also called narrative vignettes.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The descriptive, analytical narratives that are a trademark of qualitative research are also called rich, thick descriptions.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The interpretation of data in qualitative research always involves some form of deductive reasoning.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The interpretation of data in qualitative research always involves some form of sorting and categorizing.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The interpretation of data in qualitative research always involves some form of statistical comparisons.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The introduction to a research report should move from a general description of the theoretical problem to the specific area to be studied.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The qualitative researcher typically uses multivariate analysis of data.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The reactive effects of observers in natural or contrived settings is NOT a benefit of ABA research.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? To find out which of two methods for learning a motor skill is more effective, the correct statistical analysis is an independent t test.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Treatment fidelity is described as administering the DV as intended.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Trustworthiness in qualitative research assures the results are good.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Trustworthiness in qualitative research deals only with how data were collected.
FALSE
"50th percentile" is another term for "mean".
self-concept
"A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." - In this study, the dependent variable is _____________.
adventure summer camp
"A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." - In this study, the independent variable is ____________.
TRUE
"Average" is another term for "mean".
FALSE
"Median" is another term for "mean".
"FALSE"
"On Monday morning, you leave the house early in order to avoid getting stuck in traffic and being late for class" is an example aversive stimuli.
"FALSE"
"On Monday morning, you leave the house early in order to avoid getting stuck in traffic and being late for class" is an example of acquisition of behavior.
"TRUE"
"On Monday morning, you leave the house early in order to avoid getting stuck in traffic and being late for class" is an example of negative reinforcement.
"FALSE"
"On Monday morning, you leave the house early in order to avoid getting stuck in traffic and being late for class" is an example of positive reinforcement.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE" Among the following terms: mode, mean, standard deviation, and median; mode least belongs with the others.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE" Among the following terms: mode, mean, standard deviation, and median; standard deviation least belongs with the others.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A researcher wants to determine the percentages of time that a teacher spends in various tasks, such as demonstration, explanation, and monitoring students." - The most valid way to research this is to use an interview study.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A researcher wants to determine the percentages of time that a teacher spends in various tasks, such as demonstration, explanation, and monitoring students." - The most valid way to research this is to use an observational study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "Intuition" is another term that describes the unscientific method of tenacity.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "Objectivity" is another term that describes the unscientific method of tenacity.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "Rationalization" is another term that describes the unscientific method of tenacity.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "Superstition" is another term that describes the unscientific method of tenacity.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A job analysis is primarily a form of case study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A job analysis is primarily a form of developmental study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A job analysis is primarily a form of observational study.
b. case study
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A job analysis is primarily a form of unobtrusive study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A major limitation in the use of videotape in observational research is its inability to observe more than one participant at one time.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A major limitation in the use of videotape in observational research is its inability to provide sound.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A major limitation in the use of videotape in observational research is its limited value for analyzing the observations.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A major limitation in the use of videotape in observational research is its obtrusiveness.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A pretest of knowledge about microcomputers is given to a group of students 5 min prior to a film on the subject. A posttest given 10 min after the film showed a 10-point gain from the pretest. The researcher concludes that the film produced the gain. The threat to internal validity is likely to be maturation.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A pretest of knowledge about microcomputers is given to a group of students 5 min prior to a film on the subject. A posttest given 10 min after the film showed a 10-point gain from the pretest. The researcher concludes that the film produced the gain. The threat to internal validity is likely to be selection bias.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A pretest of knowledge about microcomputers is given to a group of students 5 min prior to a film on the subject. A posttest given 10 min after the film showed a 10-point gain from the pretest. The researcher concludes that the film produced the gain. The threat to internal validity is likely to be statistical regression.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A pretest of knowledge about microcomputers is given to a group of students 5 min prior to a film on the subject. A posttest given 10 min after the film showed a 10-point gain from the pretest. The researcher concludes that the film produced the gain. The threat to internal validity is likely to be testing.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) by comparing classes that use this method with classes that do not. The researcher expects the CAI classes to show higher gains in achievement. This expectation is a *hypothesis*.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) by comparing classes that use this method with classes that do not. The researcher expects the CAI classes to show higher gains in achievement. This expectation is a *paradigm*.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) by comparing classes that use this method with classes that do not. The researcher expects the CAI classes to show higher gains in achievement. This expectation is the *dependent variable*.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher conducts a study on the effectiveness of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) by comparing classes that use this method with classes that do not. The researcher expects the CAI classes to show higher gains in achievement. This expectation is the *independent variable*.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study is designed to determine whether the addition of programmed instruction will produce greater achievement scores than the traditional lecture-discussion method. Participants are randomly assigned to two instructional groups. Both groups are tested at the end of the experimental period. The most indicated statistical test is MANOVA.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study is designed to determine whether the addition of programmed instruction will produce greater achievement scores than the traditional lecture-discussion method. Participants are randomly assigned to two instructional groups. Both groups are tested at the end of the experimental period. The most indicated statistical test is Pearson r.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study is designed to determine whether the addition of programmed instruction will produce greater achievement scores than the traditional lecture-discussion method. Participants are randomly assigned to two instructional groups. Both groups are tested at the end of the experimental period. The most indicated statistical test is factorial ANOVA.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study is designed to determine whether the addition of programmed instruction will produce greater achievement scores than the traditional lecture-discussion method. Participants are randomly assigned to two instructional groups. Both groups are tested at the end of the experimental period. The most indicated statistical test is t test.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A type of study that matches individuals with and without disease on factors such as age and ethnicity is the case-control study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A type of study that matches individuals with and without disease on factors such as age and ethnicity is the experimental-control study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A type of study that matches individuals with and without disease on factors such as age and ethnicity is the repeated-measures study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A type of study that matches individuals with and without disease on factors such as age and ethnicity is the split-plot study.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action Research is collaborative.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action Research is cyclical.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action Research is focused.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action research can be important for educators because it offers conventional knowledge and theoretical applications.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action research can be important for educators because it offers practical knowledge and realistic expectations.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action research can be important for educators because the teacher alone serves as the researcher.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action research generally groups raw data.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action research is best described as addressing the needs of the general population.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action research is best described as only being used in educational settings.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action research is best described as practitioner oriented.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action research is best described as very quantitative in nature.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action research is deductive in nature.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action research offers random sampling.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Action research offers rigorous controls.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Additional factors that can affect the relationship between physical activity and blood cholesterol, such as smoking, body fat, and so on, are called cohort factors.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Additional factors that can affect the relationship between physical activity and blood cholesterol, such as smoking, body fat, and so on, are called confounding factors.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Additional factors that can affect the relationship between physical activity and blood cholesterol, such as smoking, body fat, and so on, are called control factors construct factors.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Additional factors that can affect the relationship between physical activity and blood cholesterol, such as smoking, body fat, and so on, are called control factors.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? After receiving approval from the university committee on the use of humans as research participants (Institutional Review Board), the researcher does not have to obtain informed consent from participants if they are from the same university.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? After receiving approval from the university committee on the use of humans as research participants (Institutional Review Board), the researcher does not have to obtain informed consent if the participants are volunteers.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? After receiving approval from the university committee on the use of humans as research participants (Institutional Review Board), the researcher may begin the study any time within three years.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? After receiving approval from the university committee on the use of humans as research participants (Institutional Review Board), the researcher should include a description of this compliance in the method section of the thesis or dissertation.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Analytical designs are considered among Epidemiological study designs.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Compared to applied research, basic research is done in the "real world," such as the classroom.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Compared to applied research, basic research is of more immediate value to the practitioner.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Compared to applied research, basic research usually offers more control, such as in a laboratory.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Data collection for Mixed Methods allow for concurrent mixed methods.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Data collection for mixed methods allow for parallel mixed methods.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Data collection for mixed methods allow for sequential mixed methods.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Descriptive epidemiology is considered Epidemiological study design.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Descriptive epidemiology is considered among Epidemiological study designs.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Determinants of Epidemiology are considered characteristics associated with change in health.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Determinants of Epidemiology are considered distribution, frequency and patterns of health problems.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Determinants of Epidemiology are considered identifying the factors that cause disease.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Determinants of Epidemiology are considered translation of knowledge to practice.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Determinants of disease are often called epidemic stressors.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Determinants of disease are often called risk factors.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Determinants of disease are often called symptoms.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Determinants of disease are often called syndromes.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Determining the relationship between students' attitudes toward drugs and the frequency of drug usage is an example of a(n) ________ study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Doing a mixed-methods study requires collecting data for all participants for each part of the study.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Doing a mixed-methods study requires more expertise than is required for two separate studies.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Doing a mixed-methods study requires more participants than are required in two separate studies.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Doing a mixed-methods study requires simultaneous data collection.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? ERIC includes references and abstracts from doctoral dissertations.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Encyclopedia summaries are the primary sources of a literature review.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Experimental designs (random trials) are considered among Epidemiological study design.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? For Mixed methods research obtaining reliability and validity is also known as... objectivity and applicability.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? For mixed methods research obtaining reliability and validity is also known as... obtaining reliability requires multiple areas of expertise.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? For mixed methods research obtaining reliability and validity is also known as... trustworthiness and credibility.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? For mixed methods research obtaining reliability and validity is also known as... validity and reliability are not required.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Giving an article-by-article presentation is a common error in the review of literature sections of theses.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Having students fill out an attitude-toward-reading inventory is one of the obtrusive techniques for measuring student interest in reading.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In APA style, the title of a book in a reference list should have all words capitalized except for articles, prepositions and conjunctions.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In APA style, the title of a journal article in the reference list should have all words capitalized except for articles, prepositions and conjunctions.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In APA style, the title of both books and journal articles in the reference list should capitalize only the first word and proper nouns.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In a mixed-method study, the emphasis on quantitative and qualitative methods can be equal.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In a mixed-method study, the emphasis on quantitative and qualitative methods can be varied depending on the goals of the study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In a mixed-method study, the emphasis on quantitative and qualitative methods is based on other similar studies.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In a mixed-method study, the selected quantitative and qualitative methods will require expertise that matches their emphasis in the study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In experimental design, when comparisons are made of groups that have been selected on the basis of their extreme scores, the posttest means of the groups tend to move toward the mean of the entire population from which the extreme groups were selected. This threat to internal validity is called differential selection.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In experimental design, when comparisons are made of groups that have been selected on the basis of their extreme scores, the posttest means of the groups tend to move toward the mean of the entire population from which the extreme groups were selected. This threat to internal validity is called experimental mortality. *d. statistical regression
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In experimental design, when comparisons are made of groups that have been selected on the basis of their extreme scores, the posttest means of the groups tend to move toward the mean of the entire population from which the extreme groups were selected. This threat to internal validity is called interaction of selection.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In experimental design, when comparisons are made of groups that have been selected on the basis of their extreme scores, the posttest means of the groups tend to move toward the mean of the entire population from which the extreme groups were selected. This threat to internal validity is called statistical regression.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Interviewers may become more skilled with practice, which could cause differences between the results of participants interviewed early in the study and those of participants interviewed later. This threat to internal validity is known as history.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Interviewers may become more skilled with practice, which could cause differences between the results of participants interviewed early in the study and those of participants interviewed later. This threat to internal validity is known as instrumentation.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Interviewers may become more skilled with practice, which could cause differences between the results of participants interviewed early in the study and those of participants interviewed later. This threat to internal validity is known as statistical regression.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Interviewers may become more skilled with practice, which could cause differences between the results of participants interviewed early in the study and those of participants interviewed later. This threat to internal validity is known as testing.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? It is important to review the literature in order to develop the method.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? It is important to review the literature in order to develop the research hypothesis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? It is important to review the literature in order to formulate the null hypothesis.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? It is important to review the literature in order to identify and define the problem.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? It is reasonable to expect volunteer participants to be similar in nature to other volunteers from similar populations.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? It is reasonable to expect volunteer participants to be similar in nature to other volunteers of a similar age.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? It is reasonable to expect volunteer participants to be similar in nature to paid participants from similar populations.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? It is reasonable to expect volunteer participants to be similar in nature to randomly selected participants from similar populations.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Just before the posttest, students in the control group were shown a film in another class that related directly to the subject matter being studied in the treatment group. This represents a threat to internal validity known as history.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Just before the posttest, students in the control group were shown a film in another class that related directly to the subject matter being studied in the treatment group. This represents a threat to internal validity known as maturation.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Just before the posttest, students in the control group were shown a film in another class that related directly to the subject matter being studied in the treatment group. This represents a threat to internal validity known as selection bias.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Just before the posttest, students in the control group were shown a film in another class that related directly to the subject matter being studied in the treatment group. This represents a threat to internal validity known as statistical regression.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Likert-type items are most difficult to analyze in a questionnaire study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Mixed-methods research has been conducted for many decades.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Mixed-methods research was being conducted while some scholars debated whether it was possible.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Mixed-methods research was first conducted after many years of debate.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Mixed-methods research was not conducted until it was accepted as a research design.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Open-ended items items are most difficult to analyze in a questionnaire study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Random assignment is one indicator of high-quality case studies.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Random assignment is one indicator of high-quality group designs research.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Recent textbooks are the primary sources of a literature review.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Synthesizing and interpreting the findings of previous research is a common error in the review of literature sections of theses.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The CIJE component of ERIC includes both journal articles and reports from conferences.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The Education Index database contains all of the same documents as the ERIC database.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The RIE component of ERIC does not contain journal articles.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The abstract of a study should be a concise summary of the study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The abstract of a study should be a lengthy summary of the study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The abstract of a study should be mysterious to stimulate the reader to read the entire study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The approach taken by action research is largely practical significance.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The approach taken by action research is largely rigorous approach.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The case study attempts to predict conditions that are likely to prevail in the future.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The case study examines the content of written or printed materials to detect trends.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The case study gathers data from a single person or from a limited number of similar people.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The case study seeks to infer the results to a much larger population.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The inductive and deductive processes are important in advancement of hypotheses.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The practice of taking a small random sample of nonrespondents to a survey is primarily intended to determine whether the nonrespondents are a different population from the respondents.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? This questionnaire item (which uses a yes/no format): "Do you use objective test items or essay items?" violates the item construction rule of not leading the respondent to answer in a certain way.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? This questionnaire item (which uses a yes/no format): "Do you use objective test items or essay items?" violates the item construction rule of not using items that have two or more separate ideas in the same item.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? This questionnaire item (which uses a yes/no format): "Do you use objective test items or essay items?" violates the item construction rule that short questions are easier to understand.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When a national poll reports that its survey has a margin of error of 3%, it is referring to error due to misinterpreting the results.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When a national poll reports that its survey has a margin of error of 3%, it is referring to error due to recording the response.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When a national poll reports that its survey has a margin of error of 3%, it is referring to error due to respondents not understanding questions.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When a national poll reports that its survey has a margin of error of 3%, it is referring to error due to sampling.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When we say that research is empirical, we mean that the researcher finds positive support for the research hypothesis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When we say that research is empirical, we mean that the researcher solves the problems through rationalization.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Yes/No items are most difficult to analyze in a questionnaire study.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A researcher predicts that there will be a positive relationship between attitude scores and grade point average." is an example of research hypothesis.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The number of participants, the selection of the self-concept inventory, and the length of the study are all examples of delimitations.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The researcher is proceeding on the belief that self-concept can be changed in a summer (three months). This is an example of a basic assumption.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The researcher is proceeding on the belief that self-concept can be changed in a summer (three months). This is an example of a limitation.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The researcher is proceeding on the belief that self-concept can be changed in a summer (three months). This is an example of a research hypothesis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The researcher is proceeding on the belief that self-concept can be changed in a summer (three months). This is an example of an operational definition.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The researcher states that he is aware that responses to questions on a self-concept scale may not always be what the person really believes. This is an example of a delimitation.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A researcher wishes to determine the effects of an outdoor adventure summer camp on the self-concept of inner-city boys. Boys are randomly assigned to the summer camp and to a control situation. The experimental treatment is for three months. A secondary purpose is to see if age (ages 6, 9, and 12) affects the relationship of the camp effects and self-concept." The researcher states that self-concept is represented by scores on the Tennessee Self Concept Scale. This is an example of an operational definition.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "A study comparing the achievement of sixth-grade students in Moscow, Idaho, instructed in health education through closed-circuit television and regular classroom procedure for a period of 16 weeks." is a too long thesis title.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? "What behaviors characterize a good teacher or good coach?" is an example of an operational definition in observational research.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? 2. Recognizing that grade point average may not completely reflect success in school is an example of a basic assumption.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A basic characteristic of correlational research is that it can deal with only two variables.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A basic characteristic of correlational research is that it cannot predict future performance.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A basic characteristic of correlational research is that it does not manipulate variables and hence cannot establish cause and effect.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A basic characteristic of correlational research is that it does not need both measures on all participants for two variables to be correlated.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A correlation of .00 between two variables indicates a perfect negative relationship.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A correlation of .00 between two variables indicates a perfect positive relationship.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A correlation of .00 between two variables indicates a relationship of unknown degree.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A correlation of .00 between two variables indicates independence (no association) between the variables.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A correlational technique frequently used in the construction of an instrument (such as an attitude inventory) that statistically groups test items that seem to be measuring a particular dimension or trait is called factor analysis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A correlational technique frequently used in the construction of an instrument (such as an attitude inventory) that statistically groups test items that seem to be measuring a particular dimension or trait is called multiple regression.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A correlational technique frequently used in the construction of an instrument (such as an attitude inventory) that statistically groups test items that seem to be measuring a particular dimension or trait is called path analysis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A qualitative research technique involves interviews of small numbers of participants in a group setting. These groups are called criterion groups.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A qualitative research technique involves interviews of small numbers of participants in a group setting. These groups are called focus groups.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A qualitative research technique involves interviews of small numbers of participants in a group setting. These groups are called grounded groups.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A qualitative research technique involves interviews of small numbers of participants in a group setting. These groups are called participant observation groups.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A report of a research study submitted for a four-chapter thesis and the same study prepared for a journal differ with respect to the length of the introduction and review of literature.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A research hypothesis depends on the statistical hypothesis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher sought to find out which of two exercises was more effective in building endurance. One group used exercise A, and another group used exercise B. At the end of study, the researcher should compare the two groups' scores by a dependent t test.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher sought to find out which of two exercises was more effective in building endurance. One group used exercise A, and another group used exercise B. At the end of study, the researcher should compare the two groups' scores by an independent t test.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher sought to find out which of two exercises was more effective in building endurance. One group used exercise A, and another group used exercise B. At the end of study, the researcher should compare the two groups' scores by multiple regression.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher sought to find out which of two exercises was more effective in building endurance. One group used exercise A, and another group used exercise B. At the end of study, the researcher should compare the two groups' scores by the Spearman rank-difference correlation.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher used a t test to compare treatments and obtained a t of 3.45. One group had 48 participants, and the other group had 40. The table value for significance at the .01 level was 2.64. "t(86) = 3.45, p < .01" is the correct way to express these results.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher used a t test to compare treatments and obtained a t of 3.45. One group had 48 participants, and the other group had 40. The table value for significance at the .01 level was 2.64. "t(88) = 3.45, p < .01" is the correct way to express these results.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher wishes to compare the effects of two instructional methods given at two age levels on achievement on a test of knowledge of rules and on a test of strategy. The appropriate statistical analysis would be MANOVA.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher wishes to compare the effects of two instructional methods given at two age levels on achievement on a test of knowledge of rules and on a test of strategy. The appropriate statistical analysis would be discriminant analysis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher wishes to compare the effects of two instructional methods given at two age levels on achievement on a test of knowledge of rules and on a test of strategy. The appropriate statistical analysis would be factorial ANOVA.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher wishes to compare the effects of two instructional methods given at two age levels on achievement on a test of knowledge of rules and on a test of strategy. The appropriate statistical analysis would be multiple regression.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher wishes to determine whether a treatment group made a significant improvement from the pretest (M = 25) to the posttest (M = 30). The correct statistical test to use to compare the two means is the Pearson r.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher wishes to determine whether a treatment group made a significant improvement from the pretest (M = 25) to the posttest (M = 30). The correct statistical test to use to compare the two means is the Spearman r.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher wishes to determine whether a treatment group made a significant improvement from the pretest (M = 25) to the posttest (M = 30). The correct statistical test to use to compare the two means is the dependent t test.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A researcher wishes to determine whether a treatment group made a significant improvement from the pretest (M = 25) to the posttest (M = 30). The correct statistical test to use to compare the two means is the independent t test.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study involves the comparison of two instructional methods on achievement in math. Two classrooms are used; one method is administered in each classroom. The researcher notices that the pretest scores show differences between the two groups. To control for the influence of the pretest scores on the posttest scores, the researcher should use ANCOVA.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study involves the comparison of two instructional methods on achievement in math. Two classrooms are used; one method is administered in each classroom. The researcher notices that the pretest scores show differences between the two groups. To control for the influence of the pretest scores on the posttest scores, the researcher should use ANOVA.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study involves the comparison of two instructional methods on achievement in math. Two classrooms are used; one method is administered in each classroom. The researcher notices that the pretest scores show differences between the two groups. To control for the influence of the pretest scores on the posttest scores, the researcher should use MANOVA.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study involves the comparison of two instructional methods on achievement in math. Two classrooms are used; one method is administered in each classroom. The researcher notices that the pretest scores show differences between the two groups. To control for the influence of the pretest scores on the posttest scores, the researcher should use discriminant analysis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study that has one independent variable with three levels and three dependent variables should be analyzed by ANOVAs.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study that has one independent variable with three levels and three dependent variables should be analyzed by dependent t tests.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study that has one independent variable with three levels and three dependent variables should be analyzed by discriminant analysis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A study that has one independent variable with three levels and three dependent variables should be analyzed by independent t tests.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A two-way (factorial) ANOVA with more than one person per cell will yield F values for the following contrasts: three F values, one each for rows, columns, and interaction.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? A two-way (factorial) ANOVA with more than one person per cell will yield F values for the following contrasts: three F values, one each for rows, interaction, and residual.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Alternating treatment is characterized by controlling the length of baseline phase.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Alternating treatment is characterized by employing different IV.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? An important advantage of the qualitative method is that interview data are more objective and free from bias than are other forms of measurement.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? An important advantage of the qualitative method is that it is highly efficient because only one observer is needed over a brief time span.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? An important advantage of the qualitative method is that it is more likely than other methods to lead to new insights about the problem.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? An operational definition of human intelligence is those characteristics that are measured by the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? An operational definition of human intelligence is the ability to employ abstract reasoning in the solving of problems.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? An operational definition of human intelligence is the ability to use language and symbols.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? An operational definition of human intelligence is those characteristics that differentiate between humans and the higher animals.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Another name for manipulating during treatment is intervention of the IV.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Applied Behavior Analysis is implementing a large sample of participants for study.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Applied Behavior Analysis is the notion that behavior cannot be altered.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Applied Behavior Analysis is the study of human behavior.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Applied Behavior Analysis is using punishment only as a behavior change agent.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? At the end of a well-written introduction, the reader should be able to predict the organization of the literature review..
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? At the end of a well-written introduction, the reader should be able to predict the statement of the problem (purpose of study).
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? BF Skinner is noted for applying behavior principles to humans.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Brian Iwata is noted for applying behavior principles to humans.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Changing criterion is characterized by employing different IV.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Changing criterion is characterized by the removal of the IV.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Defining volleyball skill as a score on the AAHPERD Volleyball Test is an experimental definition.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Defining volleyball skill as a score on the AAHPERD Volleyball Test is an operational definition.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Discriminant analysis differs from simple ANOVA in that discriminant analysis has one independent variable and one dependent variable.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Discriminant analysis differs from simple ANOVA in that discriminant analysis has one independent variable and two or more dependent variables.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Explicitly defining behavior is important in order to appropriately measure any observable change.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Explicitly defining behavior is important in order to clearly express characteristics of an organism.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Explicitly defining behavior is important in order to have a common language between behaviorist and non-behaviorist.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? For a predicted score of 30 and a standard error of estimate of 6, the chances are 95 out of 100 that the true score will be between 18 and 42.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? For a study with two (or more) independent variables, such as type of instruction and sex, and one dependent variable, such as achievement, the most appropriate analysis technique is factorial ANOVA.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? For a study with two (or more) independent variables, such as type of instruction and sex, and one dependent variable, such as achievement, the most appropriate analysis technique is simple ANOVA.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? If the null hypothesis is false, one may assume the research hypothesis to be the explanation for the results if there is a reasonable number of participants in each group.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? If the null hypothesis is false, one may assume the research hypothesis to be the explanation for the results if there is no experimenter bias.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? If there is a correlation of .80 between a test of scholastic aptitude and performance on an achievement test, one can infer that 80% of the achievement test variance is caused by scholastic aptitude.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? If there is a correlation of .80 between a test of scholastic aptitude and performance on an achievement test, one can infer that no causation can be inferred.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? If two measures have a high positive correlation and a person has a low score on one measure, his or her score on the other measure is most likely to be dependent on whether one variable is the cause of the other.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? If two measures have a high positive correlation and a person has a low score on one measure, his or her score on the other measure is most likely to be low.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In a study designed to assess the comparative effectiveness of two workbooks used in teaching students about laboratory procedures, the independent variable of the study would be workbooks.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In applying single subject research, the use of acquisition, maintenance and generalization is important.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In applying single subject research, the use of operant conditioning is important.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In applying single subject research, the use of positive reinforcement only is important.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In comparison to survey interviews, qualitative interviews tend to be less structured.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In comparison to survey interviews, qualitative interviews tend to be more structured.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In comparison to survey interviews, qualitative interviews tend to be shorter.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In comparison to survey interviews, qualitative interviews tend to be virtually the same.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In describing "Generalization" of a specific behavior after intervention suggests the desired behavior can occur in different environments by chance alone.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In describing "Generalization" of a specific behavior after intervention suggests the desired behavior cannot be learned.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In describing "Generalization" of a specific behavior after intervention suggests the desired behavior occurs inconsistently.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In multiple regression, one is able to predict one criterion from two or more predictors.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In multiple regression, one is able to predict two or more criteria from one predictor.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In multiple regression, one is able to predict two or more criteria from two or more predictors.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In qualitative research, sampling designed to select small groups or individuals likely to be knowledgeable and informative about the phenomenon of interest is called purposive sampling.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In qualitative research, sampling designed to select small groups or individuals likely to be knowledgeable and informative about the phenomenon of interest is called systematic sampling.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In qualitative research, triangulation is the method of classifying key informants on three critical dimensions.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In qualitative research, triangulation is the method of focusing the bulk of the investigation on a single dimension of the social scene.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? In qualitative research, triangulation is the method of using different kinds of data collection techniques in the analysis and interpretation.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? It be best to introduce intervention in the multiple baseline design when data paths are ascending.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? It be best to introduce intervention in the multiple baseline design when data paths are descending.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? It be best to introduce intervention in the multiple baseline design when there is steady state responding.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Ivan Pavlov is noted for applying behavior principles to humans.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Making informed decisions based on acquisition, maintenance and generalization is NOT a benefit of ABA research.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Mean and level are associated with latency period.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Multi-element is characterized by controlling the length of baseline phase.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Multi-element is characterized by the removal of the IV.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Multiple baseline is characterized by controlling the length of baseline phase.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Multiple baseline is characterized by employing different IV.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Multiple baseline is characterized by the removal of the IV.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Negative reinforcement is synonymous with punishment.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Negative reinforcement is the addition of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of the behavior reoccurring.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Negative reinforcement is the addition of an aversive stimuli.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Negative reinforcement is the subtraction of a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of the behavior reoccurring.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Negative reinforcement is the subtraction of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of the behavior reoccurring.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Peer debriefing is the technique showing that the qualitative researcher was concerned with trustworthiness during data analysis.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Positive reinforcement is the addition of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of the behavior reoccurring.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Positive reinforcement is the addition of an aversive stimuli.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Positive reinforcement is the subtraction of a stimulus to decrease the likelihood of the behavior reoccurring.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Positive reinforcement is the subtraction of a stimulus to increase the likelihood of the behavior reoccurring.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Prolonged engagement is the technique showing that the qualitative researcher was concerned with trustworthiness during data analysis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Providing rigorous methodologies is NOT a benefit of ABA research.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Punishment in ABA research is the addition and subtraction of an aversive stimuli to increase or decrease a desired behavior.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Punishment in ABA research is the subtraction or addition of a stimulus to decrease the behavior reoccurring.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Recognizing that grade point average may not completely reflect success in school is an example of a limitation.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Recognizing that grade point average may not completely reflect success in school is an example of a null hypothesis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Recognizing that grade point average may not completely reflect success in school is an example of a research hypothesis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Rob Horner is noted for applying behavior principles to humans.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Social validity in ABA research is important for several reasons. Important for monetary reasons is NOT one of those reasons.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Social validity in ABA research is important for several reasons. Important for the researcher is NOT one of those reasons.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Social validity in ABA research is important for several reasons. Meaningful to the participant is NOT one of those reasons.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Social validity in ABA research is important for several reasons. Value on society is NOT one of those reasons.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Steady state responding means that the trend lines are steep.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Steady state responding means that the trend lines are widespread in the graph.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Steady state responding means that the trend lines show large variability in data paths.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Steady state responding means that the trend lines show little variability in data paths.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Studying low incidence populations and behaviors is NOT a benefit of ABA research.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The interpretation of data in qualitative research always involves some form of external criticism.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The introduction to a research report should provide an extensive review of the literature.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The introduction to a research report should provide an overview of the whole paper.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The introduction to a research report should state the problem to be investigated in one or two concise sentences.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The premise that the Minnesota Attitude Inventory is a valid measure of attitude toward school is an example of a basic assumption.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The qualitative researcher typically employs deductive reasoning in hypothesis development.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The qualitative researcher typically studies a small number of participants.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The qualitative researcher typically studies individuals in a laboratory setting.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The researcher miscalculated when intervention should occur and thus used a short cut method to introduce intervention. The researcher did not violate any procedure since intervention can occur at any time.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The researcher miscalculated when intervention should occur and thus used a short cut method to introduce intervention. The researcher just violated reliability.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The researcher miscalculated when intervention should occur and thus used a short cut method to introduce intervention. The researcher just violated social validity.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The researcher miscalculated when intervention should occur and thus used a short cut method to introduce intervention. The researcher just violated treatment fidelity.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The researcher obtained a significant F from the ANOVA. Omega squared was found to be .30. This is interpreted to mean that 30% of the total variance is accounted for by the treatments.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The significance of the study should describe gaps in previous knowledge relative to the study.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The significance of the study should have continuity with the introduction.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The significance of the study should point out conflicts with previous research.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The t test is used to adjust for initial differences within the groups.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The t test is used to estimate the error of prediction.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The t test is used to see if the tests are reliable.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? The t test is used to test whether two groups differ significantly.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? This statement "Repeated measures allow the researcher to study a phenomenon across time." does not describe an advantage of repeated measures.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? This statement "Repeated measures are more economical in that fewer participants are needed." does not describe an advantage of repeated measures.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? This statement "Repeated measures can eliminate the influence of some unwanted variable." does not describe an advantage of repeated measures.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? This statement "Repeated measures control for individual differences among participants." does not describe an advantage of repeated measures.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Use of a one-tailed versus a two-tailed test of significance of the difference between two sample means depends on whether there is expected overlap between the error curves of the two sample distributions.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When a researcher decides that an appropriate analysis for a research model is to evaluate how several variables might influence two other variables that in turn influence the outcome variable of interest, the appropriate statistical analysis is LISREL.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When a researcher decides that an appropriate analysis for a research model is to evaluate how several variables might influence two other variables that in turn influence the outcome variable of interest, the appropriate statistical analysis is canonical correlation.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When a researcher decides that an appropriate analysis for a research model is to evaluate how several variables might influence two other variables that in turn influence the outcome variable of interest, the appropriate statistical analysis is factor analysis.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When a researcher decides that an appropriate analysis for a research model is to evaluate how several variables might influence two other variables that in turn influence the outcome variable of interest, the appropriate statistical analysis is multiple regression.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When describing the "Maintenance" of a specific behavior after intervention suggests the desired behavior has been extinguished.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When describing the "Maintenance" of a specific behavior after intervention suggests the desired behavior has occurred in the future.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When describing the "Maintenance" of a specific behavior after intervention suggests the intervention requires recalibration to be effective.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When describing the "Maintenance" of a specific behavior after intervention suggests: Is the targeted behavior occurring by chance?
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When the purpose of the research is to determine the effects of one independent variable (e.g., four groups) on one dependent variable (e.g., self-concept), the best choice of a statistical analysis is analysis of variance.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When the purpose of the research is to determine the effects of one independent variable (e.g., four groups) on one dependent variable (e.g., self-concept), the best choice of a statistical analysis is discriminant analysis.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? When the purpose of the research is to evaluate the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable while controlling the influence of another characteristic, the best choice of a statistical analysis is analysis of covariance.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Withdrawal design is characterized by controlling the length of baseline phase.
"FALSE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Withdrawal design is characterized by employing different IV.
"TRUE"
"TRUE" or "FALSE"? Withdrawal design is characterized by the removal of the IV.
"FALSE"
A correlational technique frequently used in the construction of an instrument (such as an attitude inventory) that statistically groups test items that seem to be measuring a particular dimension or trait is called Spearman r.
49%
A researcher finds a correlation of .70 between popularity ratings and self-concept scores. What percentage of common association can be inferred between the two variables?
Delphi survey method
DEFINITION A survey technique that asks a jury of experts to respond to a series of questionnaires in order to reach a consensus about important issues.
Double-blind experiment
DEFINITION An experiment in which neither the researcher nor the participants know which participants receive the experimental treatment.
Standard deviation
DEFINITION Represents the spread of scores about the mean.
Jargon
DEFINITION Special language that is regularly used in a particular field but which may not be meaningful to people outside the field.
MET
DEFINITION Term used in connection with intensity of exercise; it refers to the ratio of metabolic rate during exercise to the rate while resting.
Central tendency
DEFINITION The single score which best represents all the scores in a distribution.
Plagiarism
DEFINITION Using ideas, writings, or drawings of others as your own.
correlational
Determining the relationship between students' attitudes toward drugs and the frequency of drug usage is an example of a(n) ________ study.
normative
FILL THE BLANK A researcher tests the knowledge about nutrition of 10,000 school children from the southwestern United States, and the scores are transformed into percentiles by grade level. This type of research is a ________ survey study.
Likert-type
FILL THE BLANK Scaled responses to questionnaire items such as strongly agree, agree, no opinion, and so on are referred to as ________ scale items.
normal
FILL THE BLANK Kuhn coined the expression "_____ science" to denote the the most widely used scientific approach in the natural sciences.
stratified random sampling
FILL THE GAP After a population of 1,000 high school seniors is divided by sex and size of school attended, the random selection of a sample to represent these proportions of the population is called _______.
24 and 36
FILL THE GAP For a group of normally distributed scores with a mean of 30 and a standard deviation of 6, the middle 68% of the scores will be between __ and __.
INTRUDER: writing cover letter 1. determining objectives 2. delimiting the sample 3. writing items 4. pilot testing
FIND THE INTRUDER & PUT IN THE CORRECT SEQUENCE The steps for developing a questionnaire are, in chronological order: - writing cover letter - pilot testing - determining objectives - delimiting the sample - writing items
test B
Four skills tests are tried as predictors of success in a tennis class. Each test correlates with later success as follows: test A, r = .27; test B, r = -.90; test C, r = -.40; test D, r = .65. The test that will most accurately predict success is __________.
Skinfold-measured fat
QUESTION In the example in chapter 1 of the experiment that compared aerobic dance with jogging, what was the dependent variable?
Internal validity
QUESTION The extent to which the results of a study can be attributed to the treatments used in the study is the definition of what kind of validity?
External validity
QUESTION The generalizability of the results pertains to what kind of validity?
Did the independent variable really produce a change in the dependent variable?
QUESTION The internal validity of an experimental design is concerned with what question?
Random assignment to groups
QUESTION The one characteristic of true experimental designs that preexperimental and quasi-experimental designs do not have is _______?
4
QUESTION What is the mode(s) for the following set of numbers? 5, 10, 4, 1, 4, 5, 12, 8, 9, 4
City of publication and publisher's name
QUESTION What should be included in references to books along with author(s), date and title?
Volume, inclusive pages and doi
QUESTION What should be included in references to journal articles along with author(s), date, article title and journal name?
Experimental research
QUESTION What type of research can both manipulate treatments and offer evidence of cause and effect?
Systematic
QUESTION A researcher wishes to survey student opinions on a proposed increase in fees at her university. She decides to select a sample for telephone interviewing by selecting every 20th name in the student directory. What is this type of sampling called?
Encyclopedias, textbooks and literature reviews
QUESTION What are good beginning points in a literature search for the student with a very limited knowledge about a topic?
6
QUESTION What is the median score for the following set of numbers? 3, 11, 8, 13, 5, 3, 6
research hypothesis
The researcher's statement that "the boys in the adventure program will make significantly greater gains in self-concept than the boys in the control group" is an example of a(n) _____________.
MANOVA
Three levels of a treatment variable were evaluated for males and females on three dependent variables. A significant F is reported for the interaction of treatment and gender on a linear composite of the three dependent variables. Which statistical analysis was used?