COMM 101 Final

Janine has not been smiling much the past few days and her husband, Andy, feels that she may be upset. Andy feels like he should talk to her about it. If Andy used a perception check to ask Janine about how she's been, what is he likely to ask?

"I noticed you haven't been smiling much lately. I was wondering if something has been bothering you or whether you might be upset with me. Are we okay?"

Most relationships pass through cycles of progression and regression. The important thing is to aim for more positive momentum. People in satisfying relationships tend to maintain at least a ___ to ___ ratio of positive to negative statements.

5,1

Mitch wants people to perceive him as attractive and socially engaged. So, he tends to only post carefully edited photos that make him seem perfect. When his close friends point out that this is not an accurate picture, what are they asking him to consider?

Being genuine matters most.

Bonnie had spent a long time planning her speech and put together an impressive slideware program using PowerPoint. Unfortunately, there was a malfunction in the school's IT system on the morning of her presentation, and she wasted fifteen minutes trying to fix the problem instead of using a backup plan. What choice below best describes what was happening?,

Bonnie was not in control of her visual aids at all times.

Carlos's friend Albert is in a predicament. He was trying to make some quick cash and invested his money in a risky stock. Albert is emotionally wrought because he needed that money to pay rent for his family's home. Carlos feels sorry for Albert, but he thinks Albert made poor choices. Which selection below best characterizes how Carlos feels for Albert's situation?

Carlos sympathizes with Albert.

The term "filter bubble" is used by researchers to describe the echo-chamber effect created when search engines and social media reinforce the pre-conceived ideas and beliefs that people have. Which stage in the preparation of a speech is made especially important by this tendency?

Double-check your sources.

_______________ contains words that sound as if they're describing something when they are really announcing the speaker's attitude toward something.

Emotive language

Denotative meaning involves thoughts and feelings associated with words.

False

Connor knows he wants to give a speech about the effects of condominium lighting on sea turtle nesting grounds. He wants to make condo owners aware of the dangers their lights pose to hatchlings. He tells his audience that reducing the lights that face the water increases the survival of hatchlings by 50 percent. He expresses how dear the cause is to his heart. He also believes this can realistically be accomplished. He did a lot of research on the web to prepare for the speech. Wikipedia was one of his primary sources. How might he have better planned for his speech?

He could have chosen more credible information sources.

Ahmed has only been in the United States for a year and has not completely adjusted to new social norms. He notices his friend has had an acne breakout and says, "Your face looks terrible." His friend is very unhappy with the comment. What could Ahmed have done to better manage his identity to follow social rules?

He could have chosen not to say anything to avoid making his friend uncomfortable.

Jared describes himself as a thin, muscular, and talented surfer. His friend Joseph also surfs and affirms that Jared is a good surfer. Jared feels good about his body build because being thin and muscular is considered a norm in surfing culture. Which part(s) of this description conveys Jared's self-concept?

He describes himself as a talented surfer.

Frank is giving a speech at a medical convention. He understands that his audience cares deeply about saving lives. His audience believes that every cost should be considered when human lives are at stake. He is speaking to them about a new medical technology that can save lives. Which part of this description speaks of audience values?

He understands that his audience cares deeply about saving lives.

Read the following dialogue and decide which option below it best represents. "I guess you weren't able to make it. Did something come up? I never heard from you."

Identity management is collaborative.

involves interaction between people who are part of a close and irreplaceable relationship in which they treat each other as unique individuals.

Interpersonal communication

Elisa talks to her new friend Tom about her job her interest in surfing, the type of movies she likes, and the places she likes to hang out. Considering the social penetration model, how would you classify her conversation?,

It has breadth, but not much depth.

Which of the statements below is true of empathy?

It is impossible to achieve total empathy.

Which option best applies to metacommunication?

It often gets at underlying meanings

When an academic study showed people interrupting female speakers more than male speakers, even though all the speakers were trained to say much the same thing, this indicated that _______________.

Men and women encounter different conversational climates.

Oliva had a habit of saying "Do you know what I mean?" at the end of many of her sentences. She gave speeches around the world and her voice was clear and enthusiastic. She dressed professionally, (in white), and most of her lectures were about how to save money. Unfortunately, her audiences were shrinking. Why do you suppose this was happening?,

Oliva was using tag questions.

Hannah wants people to perceive her as fashionable and trendy. How might Hannah engage in identity management online?

She could strategically post photos on Instagram that depict upscale brands like Chanel.

How do you differentiate sympathy from empathy?

Sympathy means you feel compassion for another person's predicament, whereas empathy means you have a personal sense of what that predicament is like.

Which sentence below best represents that meanings are in people, not in words?

The meanings people associate with words have far more significance than do their dictionary definitions.

A pleasant term substituted for a more direct but potentially less pleasant one is referred to as _________________.

a euphemism

The degree to which we like or appreciate others is known as

affinity

A deliberately vague statement that can be interpreted in more than one way is referred to as _________________.

an equivocation

The type of statement that cannot be proved or disproved is called _________________.

an opinion statement

For our purposes here _____________ means pronouncing all the parts of all the necessary words and nothing else.,

articulation

Every speech outline should follow the ___________ that includes an introduction body, and conclusion.,

basic speech structure

The area in the Johari Window that represents information of which you are unaware but that the other person knows is the ________________.

blind area

The social penetration model is used to describe which two dimensions of communication?

breadth and depth

Words that have more than one definition are called _________________.

equivocal words

Research shows that the notion that men and women communicate in dramatically different ways is __________________.

exaggeration

A complete sentence that describes precisely what a speaker wants to accomplish is called a motivated sequence.

false

Samuel has long hair that some people think is girly. He dresses nicely and is concerned about his looks. While he likes sewing and baking, he is also a die-hard football fan who spends a lot of time restoring classic muscle cars. If you are to base your perception of Samuel using American cultural stereotypes, what gender is he?

he is androgynous

Jared tends to focus on solving problems and accomplishing tasks when speaking. This is known as a(n) ______________ use of language.

instrumental

Bill is talking to Ted when Ted interrupts him. Bill responds to the interruption by saying, "You couldn't care less about anything I have to say!" This is an example of ____________.

interference

In a series of ongoing exchanges

one person's confirming message leads to a similar response from the other person. The first person is then even more reinforcing in turn. This situation illustrates how _______________ works., a positive spiral

Interpersonal relationships of any depth are virtually impossible if the individuals involved do not have much of a(n) ________________.

open area

When Shawna speaks to Trish, she is thoughtful about the things she says and carefully considers Trish's reactions. Trish on the other hand blurts out her thoughts without much thought to how they are received. What best explains the differences between Shawna and Trish?

people differ in their degree of competency in identity management

Which of the statements below is true of perception checking?

perception checking minimizes defensiveness

Fast or slow, small or large, smart or stupid, and short or long are examples of _____________ words.

relative

Karen holds Kelly in really high esteem, but she doesn't really like her. What dimension of relational messages does this exemplify?

respect

Ashley gives a speech to the school board and stumbles on her words. The next time she speaks to the school board, she expects to stumble on her words again, which makes her nervous. Her nervousness causes her to stumble on her words again. This is likely a result of __________________.

self-fulfilling prophecy

The rules that deal with the meaning of specific words are called ___________________.

semantic rules

The language used by a group of people whose members belong to a similar coculture or other group is called _________________.

slang

The difference in communication style between men and women is rooted mostly in _______________.

social expectations

Sonja posted about her recent health struggles on Facebook and was grateful for all of the support from people who lived far away from her. She started to feel better about herself. This demonstrates that _________________.

social media can boost self-esteem.

A person's name, accent, usage of powerful and powerless speech, and affiliative language can affect their ______________.

status

The rules that govern the structure of language—the way symbols can be arranged—are known as ___________________.

syntactic rules

Ashley considers herself as someone fearful of public speaking. She is asked to speak to the school board about a new project she's working on. When she speaks to the school board, she is fearful and stumbles on her words. This is likely because __________________.

the self-concept influences communication with others

A relational message conveys the affective and social relationship between two or more individuals.

true

Men and women speak roughly the same number of words per day.

true

Oliver is uneasy about speaking because he had a negative experience when giving a speech in the past. This has contributed to his debilitative speech anxiety.

true

The process of deliberately revealing information about oneself that is significant and that would not normally be known by others is called self-disclosure.

true

Anton is the dependable employee at his job. He is always focused and serious at work. When he's with his friends, he's considered a carefree jokester who is chronically late. What below might best explain the difference?

we have multiple identities

LaTonya is on a date with Dan. Dan has been polite and kind the whole night. He looks at her when she speaks and really seems to care about what she has to say. At the end of the night, he sneezes into his hand rather than in a napkin. LaTonya is really bothered and decides she won't go out with him again. This is likely because ________________.

we pay more attention to negative impressions than positive ones.

Which visual aspect of delivery helps you to extend the "action zone" - the center area at the front of the room where you are speaking - so that you can establish a connection with more of your audience?

movement

A tool for helping to understand others accurately instead of assuming that your first interpretation is correct is called ___________________.

perception-checking

The term _______________ refers to episodes in which people snub those around them by paying attention to their phones instead.

phubbing

Consider the statement below and choose the answer that best applies. "Um, I hate to ask, but can I borrow your pen perhaps?"

powerless language

A 45-year-old man tells an unrelated teenage girl she looks pretty. Which rules explain why this might be an awkward situation?

pragmatic rules

Arbitrary constructions that represent a communicator's thoughts are referred to in the chapter as

symbols

The ___________ tells your listeners the central idea of your speech and is the one idea that you want your audience to remember after they have forgotten everything else you had to say.

thesis

The rules that govern how words sound when they are pronounced are called ________________.

phonological rules

Listeners who assume that particular accents are invariably proof of specific abilities and traits are exhibiting _____________.

stereotypes

The verbal and nonverbal ways we act to show a positive image of ourselves to others is called facework.

true

Communicators who want to set themselves apart from others adopt the strategy of ______________.

divergence

A style of presenting your supporting material that functions like a story with a beginning

middle, and end is called a narration., true

Judy interviewed a recent college graduate named Steve who was perfectly qualified for the job, but she didn't hire him because he had a bit of a stutter. In this case, Judy was ________________.

more influenced by the negative traits.

Research has demonstrated that ________________ are more than just a simple means of identification: They can shape the way that we view ourselves and how others treat us.

names

Which of the following encounters exemplifies interpersonal communication?

After class, you share with your roommate your concerns about some upcoming assignments because you know he will be able to relate to your concerns.

Annalise is a college professor. She is going to speak to her class about current tort law cases. She has a lesson plan that she intends to follow. What is the most probable type of speech she will give to her class?

An extemporaneous speech

Melissa and Christie have been friends for about a year. During that time they have each talked about their views on politics, their lifestyles, and their interests. They have also talked about things that they have only told a few other people, like how they feel about friends and family. Additionally, they have told each other things that they have not told anyone else. Christie told Melissa about the pain and resentment she felt when her parents split. Melissa told Christie about how she has struggled with an eating disorder. In this account, what points to the deepest self-disclosures?,

Christie's revelation about the pain and resentment she felt when her parents split AND Melissa's revelation about how she struggled with an eating disorder.

Rosa is from Honduras. Her upbringing there has greatly influenced the person she is today. Her father was also a great influence. He was stoic and brave and as a result she is too. Her father believed in her and encouraged her to be brave in the face of adversity. Now she believes she can be brave in almost any situation, and that confidence usually results in her success. Which part of this description conveys reflected appraisal?

Her father believed in her and that helped her to believe in herself.

Laurel imagines herself giving and completing her speech successfully. What unstated assumption can we make about Laurel?

She understands visualization can be helpful.

"I was canoeing down the Snake River last week when I encountered a duck trapped in the plastic rings from a six-pack of beer." Which of the ways to capture the audience's attention does this exemplify?

Tell an anecdote.

Chandra just discovered that she uses a condescending tone with people when she disagrees with them. The people she disagrees with have always known she used such a tone with them. Which area of the Johari Window represents Chandra's behavior prior to her discovery?

The blind area

Melissa and Christie have been friends for about a year. During that time they have each talked about their views on politics, their lifestyles, and their interests. They have also talked about things that they have only told a few other people, like how they feel about friends and family. Additionally, they have told each other things that they have not told anyone else. Christie told Melissa about the pain and resentment she felt when her parents split. Melissa told Christie about how she has struggled with an eating disorder. Which part of this description speaks of breadth?

Their talks about politics, their lifestyles, and their interests.

Jorge is in line at the department store when he hears another customer complaining loudly. He has been unhappy with the customer service at this particular store as well and he really feels the guy's pain. How would you classify his reaction?

as empathy

Larissa had a hard time during her first few weeks settling into a new school. She spent all of every evening reading messages from hundreds of online "friends" and followers

but had no time left to make any friends in her new town, and felt isolated. Which feature of online communication does this scenario best evoke?, Online communication can be overwhelming.

Wes is giving a speech about local crime. He says "An elderly couple was robbed within city limits last week. Imagine a city where you can't leave your door unlocked, even for a second! It's as though the prison doors have been open and all the criminals are free to do as they please in our town. This is not meant to scare you, but crime has gone up fifty percent since last year! This is all according to the latest bulletin published by city-data.com." What style of support does he use?

citation

Messages that show you are valued are called _______________.

confirming responses

A _____________ focuses on the subject being discussed.

content message

Jelata and Heather are both engineers at the same company. Neither one of them is the boss of the other. Jelata tells Heather that she needs to finish her project by noon. What dimension of relational messages does this exemplify?

control

Close friends and lovers often develop special terms that serve as a way of signifying their relationship. Using the same vocabulary sets these people apart from others, reminding themselves and the rest of the world of their relationship. This is referred to as ______________.

convergence

Messages that deny the value of others have been labeled _______________.

disconfirming responses

The main reason for Michaela anxiety before her big speech was that she had no idea how the audience was going to react to what she was saying. Her friend Asherwho had more experience speaking in public, advised her that there was, above all, one visual aspect of delivery which worked as a kind of reality testing; it could not only increase contact with the listeners, but help to reduce the nerves. What aspect of nonverbal delivery was Asher advising Michaela to consider?,

eyecontact

Esperanza was predicted and expected to do poorly in a math class. At the end of the semester, Esperanza got an F in math. This is an example of self-esteem.

false

Mary tends to think of herself as shy, thoughtful, serious and compassionate. These characteristics are known as social roles.

false

Interpersonal communication is most likely to occur between _

father and his youngest son, discussing potential options for college.

Kerry tends to take chances and initiate relationships with others and also tends to show affection to others. This is likely due to Kerry's _____________.

high self esteem

Communication scholars use the term ____________to describe the degree of interest and attraction we feel toward and communicate to others.

immediacy

The specialized vocabulary that functions as a kind of shorthand for people with common backgrounds and experiences is called _________________.

jargon

A collection of symbols governed by rules and used to convey messages between individuals is referred to in the chapter as

language

Many forms of online communication are _______________

meaning that they allow you to think about messages and then reply when you are ready.,asynchronous

Social scientists use the term ________________ to describe messages that refer to other messages.

metacommunication

Tom tells Sue, "The tone in your voice when you speak to me sounds resentful. Was it something I said that upset you?" This is an example of ________________.

metacommunication

Seena and Jack disagree with each other's plan for the future. Instead of talking about it

they simply have not discussed it, and the reasons for their disagreement have never been communicated. Since their disagreement, they have not spoken much, which is strange because they were great friends. What might best explain this?, An avoidance spiral

"So we have seen exactly how serious this issue is, and it's now time to move ahead to consider what can be done to address it." This sentence from a speech is most likely making _____________.

transition

Factual claims can be proved to be false.

true