COMM 2500 Final
Competent communicators understand that our __________ has an important role in how we communicate with others. unknown identity future internal dialogue self-image
self-image
Louie can't decide on a topic for his informative speech. He starts by creating a list of his hobbies, favorite television programs, and subjects he wants to explore. What technique for finding a topic is Louie using? self-inventory engaging with social media Internet search brainstorming
self-inventory
Jenn is Korean-American, a member of a co-ed softball team, and a math teacher at a private high school. These three attributes are part of Jenn's __________ identity. personal group social private
social
The part of our self-concept that comes from group memberships is known as our __________ identity. public personal cultural social
social
Of the time you spend communicating on a daily basis, the greatest amount is spent doing which of the following? speaking reading writing listening
listening
Which type of speech presents evidence and arguments in order to justify its position? persuasive entertainment informative coercive
persuasive
Sallie would rather make jokes during the meeting than try to get anything done. Which role has Sallie adopted in order to be counterproductive? group building self-centered energizer group maintenance
self-centered
Which of the following demonstrates use of a rhetorical question within the introduction of a speech? How many of you went to church last Sunday and heard Carli sing? Have you ever wished you could eat all the chocolate you ever wanted? Can you hear me if I don't use the microphone? Can you raise your hand if you have ever been involved in a traffic accident?
Have you ever wished you could eat all the chocolate you ever wanted?
__________ refers to the degree with which an audience can hear and understand the words of a speaker. Volume Pronunciation Articulation Intelligibility
Intelligibility
The text cautions against heavy reliance on __________ when conducting research. print and library sources the background knowledge and experience of yourself or others expert opinions and interviews Internet and social media sources
Internet and social media sources
In order for an evaluation to produce any results, what must occur? Its findings must be made known to all group members. Leaders and members should be evaluated separately. The evaluation should be done without anyone knowing. The results should be compared to similar evaluations.
Its findings must be made known to all group members.
Communication can BEST be described as __________. A. simplistic B. internal C. linear D. complex
D. complex
What is the first step you should take when you want to conduct an interview? Establish the purpose of the interview. Organize the interview. Research your topic. Choose the interviewee.
Establish the purpose of the interview.
__________ are a type of extended example that is striking and memorable. Analogies Statistics Illustrations Opinions
Illustrations
What is a good rule for using brainstorming to select a speech topic? Be selective in what you write. Evaluate ideas as you record them. Take as much time as possible. Write down key words and phrases.
Write down key words and phrases.
During a job interview, when you are asked, "Why should I hire you?" what constitutes the best response? a lengthy recital of your abilities a description of your long-term career objective an observation about the company's success a brief summary of your qualifications
a brief summary of your qualifications
Listening scholar Andrew D. Wolvin suggests that quality organizations of the twenty-first century must develop __________. a communication code of ethics a communication handbook listening training a listening culture
a listening culture
Maris told her friends that planning her wedding has been a roller-coaster ride; she was using __________ to describe the planning process. jargon accurate language a simile a metaphor
a metaphor
Listening is best described as a(n) __________ process. visual physiological passive active
active
When increasingly hurtful communication is aimed at a relational partner, this is a sign of __________. aggressive behavior betrayal lying stagnating
aggressive behavior
If an interviewer asks you a question that violates affirmative action laws, a good tactic in responding is to __________. ask the interviewer why they are asking that question indicate you will respond after you are offered the position simply provide the information remind the interviewer it is against the law to ask you that
ask the interviewer why they are asking that question
Once you graduate from college and acquire your first job, the learning process __________. significantly shifts is no longer important continues quickly ends
continues
Because it often reveals our emotions, nonverbal messages are more difficult to __________. observe send control generate
control
Which communication behavior displays mutual respect and shows a shared group identity? behavioral affirmation convergence behavioral confirmation overaccommodation
convergence
August is ready to begin researching his sources for a speech on migrant farming. Before he formally starts researching, he should first __________. decide how many supporting resources he wants to use create a preliminary list of references develop the conclusion or assertion he wishes to prove create a working outline
create a preliminary list of references
What refers to the believability of a speaker based on the audience's evaluation of their competence, experience, character, and charisma? transparency reliability currency credibility
credibility
An important criterion for evaluating the audience analysis aspect of an informative speech is __________. documenting that sources are complete and accurate demonstrating why the topic is unique and distinctive demonstrating why the topic is important to the audience documenting that research is up to date
demonstrating why the topic is important to the audience
Troy and his wife Sarah have begun arguing heatedly about little things that once merely annoyed them. They are in the __________ stage of coming apart. terminating differentiating stagnating avoiding
differentiating
Mercedes told the class that the homecoming tradition started at the University of Illinois. What is Mercedes using to help increase the understanding of her speech? synonym etymology metaphor antonym
etymology
Language is best described as a structured system of signs, sounds, gestures, or marks to __________. codify universal meaning create culturally distinguishing dialects express ideas and feelings among people help people record internal thoughts for their own use
express ideas and feelings among people
A key-word outline is often used in a speech using __________ delivery. impromptu manuscript memorized extemporaneous
extemporaneous
The ideal number of people in a small group is __________. eight to ten fifteen to twenty two to three five to seven
five to seven
Motivating the audience to pay attention is critical to the success of any speech. Recommended strategies to help accomplish this goal include generating a need for the information, creating information relevance, providing a fresh perspective, and __________. developing a clear thesis statement focusing on the unusual using exaggerated movements and gestures beginning with humor
focusing on the unusual
As you begin to gather information during the speechwriting process, the text suggests that you __________. seek only the amount of information you will need gather more information than you think you'll need outline your main ideas, and then find evidence to support them focus on what you already know about your topic
gather more information than you think you'll need
Which of the needs in the interpersonal needs theory encompasses our need to feel significant and worthwhile? inclusion control affection release
inclusion
Many formal groups use guides such as Robert's Rules of Order in order to __________. uphold values establish beliefs increase efficiency solve problems
increase efficiency
People with low self-esteem tend to attribute any past success to __________. luck previous successes innate ability hard work
luck
The first stage in assessing a speaker's motivation involves __________. responding to the message making a judgment about the speaker's beliefs determining the meaning behind the message evaluating the worth of the message being presented
making a judgment about the speaker's beliefs
The more __________ a topic, the more likely you are to put in the necessary time and effort to research and develop your speech. well-known abstract meaningful unique
meaningful
Which type of group is typically lowest in media richness? members of an online forum a bridge group who meets weekly a sports team a surgical team
members of an online forum
The text cautions that one of the negative consequences of lean media is that messages can be __________. stored replicated easily sent misinterpreted
misinterpreted
When Priya looks at her boyfriend, she can tell he is upset with her by his posture and his expression, although he says everything is fine. Priya is deriving meaning through __________. nonverbal communication descriptive feedback proxemics verbal communication
nonverbal communication
All members of Cyndi's book club expect each other to read the book, be on time for the meeting, and be ready to contribute to the discussion. These factors demonstrate group __________. beliefs values norms opinions
norms
Either by formal or informal agreement or over time, groups deem behaviors such as style of dress and formality of communication as acceptable. These agreed-upon behaviors are __________. norms standards tasks systems
norms
According to data from the National Association of Colleges and Employers, the largest gaps in proficiencies between what employers consider essential and what applicants possess were in the areas of critical thinking/problem solving, professionalism/work ethic, and __________. multicultural fluency/global leadership skills math/computation oral/written communications digital proficiency/social media marketing skills
oral/written communications
In her speech about the need for a special education classroom for students older than age 18, Johanna first establishes the issue and then describes an affordable solution. Based on this information, you can determine that the __________. supporting materials appeal to the audience's needs supporting materials include personal experiences organizational plan is appropriate speaker shows energy and focus
organizational plan is appropriate
Liz works in a doctor's office and is criticized by the office manager for calling elderly patients by their first names. She decides to address everyone as "Ma'am" or "Sir" regardless of age and is now criticized for being too formal. Liz's communication error can be described as __________. convergence accommodation affirmation overaccommodation
overaccommodation
A list of all of the main points the speaker might present in a speech is called a __________ outline. presentational full-sentence source preliminary
preliminary
As speakers, when we examine our performance and our success in delivering our message, we must engage in __________. audience analysis internal summary empathic listening reflective thinking
reflective thinking
Wilmot and Hocker believe communication behavior often creates conflict and _________. reflects conflict destroys self-centeredness reduces interdependence stunts task behaviors
reflects conflict
Rather than telling her friend to stop drinking six cans of soda a day because it was making her gain weight, Stacey said, "Drinking so much soda can't be good for you." What approach to self-disclosure is Stacey using? connection-autonomy dialectical tension self-presentation rhetorical sensitivity
rhetorical sensitivity
When Darla's boyfriend says she looks "fine" after she has spent two hours getting ready, she believes he is being sarcastic. In reality, he means "appropriate." This miscommunication demonstrates the idea that language is __________. neutral appropriate subjective meaningful
subjective
Which of the following is a primary function of statistics in a speech? to isolate trends to enhance speaker credibility to provide a unique perspective to incorporate an emotional appeal
to isolate trends
Using terms such as negotiated, sold, discussed, advocated, convinced, facilitated, and presented in your résumé help demonstrate which of the following abilities? leadership written communication verbal communication analytical
verbal communication
If Mohammed demonstrated watercolor painting during a local art fair, the audience would be considered _________. voluntary captive mediated inattentive
voluntary
Many business sources suggest planning to use a maximum of __________ slides in a 20-minute business presentation. 5 40 25 10
10
What did research cited in the text indicate about appropriate use of presentational aids? They have little impact on audience interest. They improve speaker credibility by about 85 percent. They significantly improve audience retention. They are required for speakers experiencing communication apprehension.
They significantly improve audience retention.
According to the authors, which of the following personal qualities are employers most looking for in applicants? ability to follow direction assertiveness and self-motivation long-term commitment humble and self-effacing
assertiveness and self-motivation
A feature of social media is that it allows users to __________. always remain anonymous create a public profile focus on nonverbal communication communicate strictly in real time
create a public profile
The pattern of values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors that is shared by group members is known as group __________. culture commitment awareness accommodation
culture
Luis knew he was right about who had left the apartment unlocked, so he made a hurtful and sarcastic remark to his girlfriend about her inability to remember anything. This demonstrates the conflict strategy known as __________. withdrawing forcing negotiating accommodating
forcing
When a speaker incorporates movements of their hands and arms to help emphasize a point, the speaker is using __________. immediacy tone body movement gestures
gestures
Kelly's language teacher reminded her that singular nouns take singular verb forms. Which aspect of language is she discussing? context semantics grammar symbols
grammar
Just after she wakes up, Siobhan checks her friends' latest Instagram posts, emails her boss that she will be late again today, and chats on the phone with her mother as she makes breakfast. Siobhan's morning activities demonstrate how communication allows her to __________. A. make connections B. avoid interaction C. become reliant D. gain satisfaction
A. make connections
A primary reason job applicants are rejected can be summed up as __________. inability to communicate lack of interest lying on their résumé too old or too young
inability to communicate
Three women from the same rural high school live on Janae's dorm floor, and she assumes the three women share similar religious and political views. Janae's perception is based on the concept of __________. A. proximity B. discrimination C. experience D. closure
A. proximity
As a ground control employee at the airport, Neal uses hand signals exclusively to guide the planes. Which element of nonverbal communication is Neal using? repeating substituting regulating deceiving
substituting
The nature of communication is that it is __________, as it includes an exchange in which communicators act to simultaneously encode and decode messages. A. transactional B. simplistic C. reversible D. informal
A. transactional
In order for groups to perform effectively, leaders and members must be __________, which means being honest, respectful, fair, and responsible in their actions and communication. committed ethical interdependent cohesive
ethical
Which of the following coming-together stage of a relationship engages in mostly small talk and serves to "audition" the person as a potential friend? intensifying experimenting initiating integrating
experimenting
Shradda's group is employing Dewey's reflective thinking steps to problem solving. First, the group defines the problem as inadequate parking for building tenants. Next, the group should __________. select the best solution fully analyze the problem devise possible solutions appoint a group member to monitor the process
fully analyze the problem
Walter's speech explores the origins of Labor Day. This type of speech is considered __________. celebratory entertainment persuasive informative
informative
Cassie claims that she will always be a part of the "87th Street Gang," a group of close friends that all grew up on the same block in the 1980s. Cassie strongly identifies with this __________. ingroup co-cultural group outgroup ethnic group
ingroup
As Tara explained the situation to Billy, he clarified how she was feeling by asking questions to make sure he understood what Tara was saying. What process is Billy going through? self-actualization perception checking analyzing information listening for enjoyment
perception checking
Susan noticed that when people line up to use an ATM, they stand far back from the person using the machine to give them privacy. While she may not realize it, Susan is aware of __________. oculesics chronemics proxemics haptics
proxemics
Successful groups tend to take on a(n) __________ orientation. individualistic groupthink idiosyncratic collectivistic
collectivistic
We use __________ when we ask ourselves if a message is true, based on solid, complete, and logical evidence. convergent thinking critical listening emotional filtering perception checking
critical listening
Which of the following would receive a positive evaluation from a listener when evaluating the topic of a persuasive speech? The purpose of the speech is to inform. The speaker does not cite sources. The topic is broad in order to provide full development of the issue. The audience sees the relationship between the topic and themselves.
The audience sees the relationship between the topic and themselves.
According to Aristotle, ethos describes __________. an emotional appeal to the audience logical appeals made by the speaker a speaker's character the substance of a speech
a speaker's character
For the majority of people, the most valued aspect of social media is its __________. ability to connect us media richness low cost ease of use
ability to connect us
The main reason people join secondary groups is to __________. socialize receive affection attain personal growth accomplish tasks
accomplish tasks
The five steps of the motivated sequence pattern are attention, __________, satisfaction, visualization, and action. effect problem cause need
need
Which of the following forms of avoiding conflict is interpreted by some to be a lose-lose style? accommodating collaboration withdrawing negotiating
negotiating
The general purpose of a speech reflects __________. what is to be accomplished by the audience the overall goal of a speech exactly what is going to be discussed in the speech the main points of the speech
the overall goal of a speech
According to functional theory, there are five task requirements that must be met for a group to successfully complete its goal. Which of the following is one of those task requirements? Members fully understand the problem or issue being discussed. Members focus on and discuss the disadvantages of possible solutions. Members must reach a solution in an agreed-upon time period. Members identify no more than three reasonable solutions from which to choose.
Members fully understand the problem or issue being discussed.
Listening is considered a(n) __________ behavior because it requires conscious participation. linear innate active passive
active
What is a clear advantage of using social media for examples incorporated into your speech? These examples can help gain listeners' attention. Social media information has high credibility. These examples are easy to find. It is not necessary to include social media in source information.
These examples can help gain listeners' attention.
Joel is using a PowerPoint presentation during his speech on campaign finance reform. What should be displayed on the screen when Joel is discussing a section of his speech that is not included on the slides? the title slide the last slide displayed a blank screen a spinning icon
a blank screen
Mateo writes down every date, name, and definition his professor lists during her lecture on the Great Wall of China. But when test time comes, he is unable to complete an essay question about why the Great Wall was built. Which barrier to communication has Mateo run into? avoiding difficult listening situations concentrating on details, not main ideas considering the topic uninteresting failing to adjust to distractions
concentrating on details, not main ideas
When we act in a way that makes our expectations about a particular group come true, we are engaging in behavioral __________. bias confirmation convergence affirmation
confirmation
While Tessa is excited about her upcoming wedding, she is also concerned she might lose her own sense of self once she is married. Which aspect of the dialectical theory does this demonstrate? connection-autonomy novelty-predictability openness-closedness relativity-spatiality
connection-autonomy
In a typical communication situation, nonverbal communication occurs __________. only when intended rarely once constantly
constantly
Words that are used to obscure the true meaning of a situation are known as __________. idioms doublespeak hyperbole jargon
doublespeak
A good résumé includes an individual's personal, professional, and __________ qualifications and experiences. social potential educational internship
educational
Marianne is really good at making other people feel good about themselves. Which interpersonal skill does she possess to help her do this? referential regulations ego supportive comforting
ego supportive
Comparatively, __________ ranks low in media richness and __________ranks high. face-to-face interaction; a blog the telephone; texting email; Skyping a personal letter; junk mail
email; Skyping
One of the biggest weaknesses of beginning group participants is __________. being unprepared wanting to be liked being argumentative arriving late
being unprepared
Computer-mediated communication is always __________. facilitated by technology anonymous synchronous preferable to face-to-face communication
facilitated by technology
A report of something that actually happened is known as a(n) __________. opinion or conclusion hypothetical illustration factual illustration brief example
factual illustration
Jocelyn and her boyfriend broke up over an ongoing disagreement about what constitutes the afterlife and how Jocelyn feels she must prepare for it in her everyday life. This difference of opinion is related to Jocelyn's __________. beliefs attitudes stereotypes self-esteem
beliefs
Even though she agreed to attend the conference, Maribeth refused to listen to the keynote speaker because she had heard he has had an affair. Which barrier to listening is Maribeth demonstrating? faking attention concentrating on details and not main ideas tolerating distractions bias and prejudice
bias and prejudice
What is the term for the physiological differences between males and females that are genetically determined? sexual category gender gender identity biological sex
biological sex
The outline of your speech can also be referred to as its __________. agenda thesis blueprint bibliography
blueprint
Millennials and Generation X are examples of __________ that exist within the United States today. dominant cultures outgroups co-cultures ethnic groups
co-cultures
Parul isn't enjoying the new financial investment group she joined. Many members disagree on what makes a good investment, and meetings are unproductive. She has decided to look for another group to join. Which characteristic of an effective small group is missing here? character cohesiveness interdependence commitment
cohesiveness
Maya and her roommate are decorating their new apartment. Maya tells her roommate the poster needs to be hung a little higher and demonstrates how much higher by using her fingers to show a distance of about an inch. Maya's gesture relies on the nonverbal function of __________. substituting complementing deceiving regulating
complementing
There must be at least __________ people involved in order for an association to be called a relationship. two three four five
two
As Kelly develops her research plan, she makes a note to include a variety of examples, statistics, and testimony in her speech. Which of the following is she concerned with? preliminary list of references types of supporting material complete source information starting early
types of supporting material
In Deborah Tannen's study of communication differences between men and women, it was found women __________. use defensive strategies such as criticizing themselves retreat from situations when on the defensive disclose more to those whom they trust do not center their talk on relational closeness
use defensive strategies such as criticizing themselves
An individual experiencing speech anxiety is likely to exhibit which behavior? slower breathing increased eye contact louder voice faster heart rate
faster heart rate
The National Association of Colleges and Employers survey of 1,000 employers found companies are especially seeking __________. technical aptitude loyalty flexibility longevity
flexibility
In addition to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, the First Amendment provides what additional guarantees? the right to keep and bear arms freedom to address the government for redress of grievances the right to vote freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures
freedom to address the government for redress of grievances
Brainstorming is designed to help a group __________. generate ideas make faster decisions increase cohesion reduce creativity
generate ideas
Michelle prefers to work on her own and whenever her boss suggests she join her coworkers on a task, she does everything she can to get out of it. This demonstrates the phenomenon known as __________. groupthink closed mindedness grouphate social loafing
grouphate
Galanes and Adams assert that using ethical behaviors during conflicts ultimately __________. eliminates autocratic leadership increases group cohesion decreases task behaviors delays decision making
increases group cohesion
A suggested employment-related search engine for job listings is __________. ask.com yahoo.com duckduckgo.com indeed.com
indeed.com
"All teenagers are ill-prepared for college" is a statement representative of __________. indexing dating polarization indiscrimination
indiscrimination
When she found out that two teens were responsible for the damage to her front lawn, Alicia told her neighbors, "All teenagers are trouble." Which barrier to communication does this demonstrate? bypassing indiscrimination dating polarization
indiscrimination
Persuasion cannot be accomplished without __________. deduction information coercion emotion
information
In ballet class, the instructor critiqued Arielle's attitude and was referring to her leg position and movement, not a personality trait. This is an example of __________. doublespeak a regionalism slang jargon
jargon
The term relationship refers to the association between at least two people, which may be described in terms of intimacy or __________. rapport currency formality kinship
kinship
Which of the following characteristics is associated with a competent listener? listens for important ideas easily distracted avoids difficult material listens only for details
listens for important ideas
Jess read her speech word for word from the paper in front of her. What type of delivery does this demonstrate? impromptu extemporaneous manuscript memorized
manuscript
The best way to improve our communication competence via social media is by __________. restricting ourselves to the media we already know making our communication leaner monitoring our use and exposure eliminating its daily use
monitoring our use and exposure
The most productive approach to locating jobs is __________. answering online ads networking using a placement service attending career fairs
networking
Speeches about __________ focus on concrete subjects. processes events objects concepts
objects
Which of the following likely has the strongest influence on our initial self-concept? peers parents educators media
parents
Felicia thinks a guy across the aisle in her English class is handsome. Which form of interpersonal attraction exists in this situation? physical social creative task
physical
Which type of nonverbal communication is a powerful influence but more difficult to change or to control in everyday interactions? facial expressions physical attractiveness body movements posture
physical attractiveness
Kylie says everyone is either smart or dumb, and she's got no time or sympathy for stupid people. Kylie is guilty of __________. code-switching indexing indiscrimination polarization
polarization
An outline that is concise, condensed, includes notations, and consists of a combination of full sentences and key words or phrases is referred to as a __________ outline. preliminary chronological presentational full-sentence
presentational
When someone says a social media image has "gone viral," they are referring to its __________. mobility reach storage replicability
reach
Studies by Knapp and Hall show that nonverbal messages are __________. more accurate in revealing a message not considered a part of language use less powerful than verbal messages relied on more heavily by some people
relied on more heavily by some people
In writing a conclusion, an important strategy to use is __________. mind mapping signposting repetition previewing
repetition
Behaviors, celebrations, and traditions common to people, organizations, and institutions are known as cultural __________. rituals variations universals perceptions
rituals
In which step of Monroe's motivated sequence does the persuader provide a solution or plan of action to eliminate the problem? satisfaction need visualization action
satisfaction
Social media facilitates __________ and social connection, which have both positive and negative aspects. self-actualization anonymous communication asynchronous communication self-disclosure
self-disclosure
Our positive or negative feelings and attitudes toward ourselves describe our __________. self-worth self-esteem self-reliance self-image
self-esteem
When you tell a prospective employer you are suited for the job because you are organized and a natural leader, the text refers to this as __________. self-esteem self-actualization self-worth self-presentation
self-presentation
As a job applicant, Enzo knows he must make a good first impression. He realizes his primary task in the interview is to __________. express his desire to work for the company to make an initial impression learn more about the company sell himself
sell himself
Research shows that nonverbal behaviors are __________ in impact than the accompanying verbal message. much less important significantly less powerful significantly more powerful about the same
significantly more powerful
At an office picnic, Kate introduced Deanna to a friend from a different division. To get acquainted, Deanna asked Kate's friend how she liked the company and how long she had known Kate. The dialogue these two are engaging in would be described as __________. intimate talk communicative release full disclosure small talk
small talk
After Donna sent the text to her boyfriend, she realized that her message may have seemed sarcastic and she quickly texted three heart emojis as well. Donna was adding __________ to clarify her message. interactivity replicability social cues synchronous communication
social cues
Aneesh's computer was not working right. His next-door neighbor worked in tech support for the university, so Aneesh knocked on his neighbor's door to see if she wanted to go for coffee, even though the two barely knew each other. This is an example of which communication theory? social exchange interpersonal needs uncertainty reduction dialectical
social exchange
Small-group communication members who have a common purpose exchange information in order to __________. resolve personal problems practice communication skills create conflict and dissolve previous relationships solve a problem or share information
solve a problem or share information
Agnes will be presenting her speech on "How to Create an English Country Garden in Your Backyard" at the museum on Saturday. Which pattern of presentation is likely best for this speech? spatial cause-effect chronological problem-solution
spatial
When developing the key points of speech, a speaker should make sure they are __________. specific and vivid broad and general abstract repetitious
specific and vivid
When practicing your speech, you should __________. skip any transitions always work alone start with small segments start with the conclusion
start with small segments
Which of the following would be included in the evaluation of the delivery of a speech? the speaker's eye contact with the audience the documentation of the material being presented the organization of the body of the speech the relationship between the topic and the speaker
the speaker's eye contact with the audience
What is the definitive factor between an informative speech and a persuasive one? the inclusion of information the listeners' goal the speaker's goal the inclusion of persuasion
the speaker's goal
Speaker __________ is also referred to as charisma. appeal objectivity accuracy knowledge
appeal
The term that best describes our overall self-definition is __________. hidden complex static unreliable
complex
Our __________ self is the way we wish to appear to others. idealized presenting perceived private
presenting
__________ is a crucial requirement for an effective evaluation process. Successful task completion Strong group cohesion A nonthreatening atmosphere A democratic group leader
A nonthreatening atmosphere
Which of the following strategies is most likely to lessen the possibility of groupthink? Keep outside opinions away from the group. Allow leaders to state their conclusions first. Strive for a fast solution. Assign one individual to be a "devil's advocate."
Assign one individual to be a "devil's advocate."
Light waves and sound waves are both examples of __________ in communication. A. context B. channels C. sources D. interference
B. channels
Which statement best reflects competent listening? Competent listening is a passive process. Competent listening is a simple process. Competent listeners do not need to work at listening. Competent listeners work at listening.
Competent listeners work at listening.
__________ is a sequence of thought that moves from general information to a specific conclusion. Reasoning by analogy Causal reasoning Inductive reasoning Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
As suggested by the text, which of the following is an appropriate question for group self-evaluation? What is the next problem to tackle? Did everyone like the leader? Did we employ brainstorming? Did everyone have an opportunity to participate?
Did everyone have an opportunity to participate?
Which of the following is the best example of a thesis statement? High school graduates should be required to complete community service before entering college in order to increase their maturity and global awareness. Community service offers many personal growth opportunities. It is advantageous for college students to participate in community service. to persuade the audience that participating in community service before college is advantageous for high school students
High school graduates should be required to complete community service before entering college in order to increase their maturity and global awareness
According to the text, why might some international transfer students experience additional public speaking anxieties that go beyond those of a university's native speakers? Public speaking opportunities seldom occur in other cultures. Language and cultural differences create additional challenges. They have often been taught not to speak unless spoken to. They tend to have less education in communication techniques.
Language and cultural differences create additional challenges.
Which of the following people is acting as a coordinator within their group? Natalie clarifies all of the information that has been presented and shows the relationships among the many ideas and suggestions. Ben recognizes others when they contribute something to the discussion and praises their ideas. It is Raoul's job to remind the group of its goals so they don't get off track. Steph prefers to take in all of the information being presented without contributing any of her own thoughts.
Natalie clarifies all of the information that has been presented and shows the relationships among the many ideas and suggestions.
What is an advantage in using a questionnaire to gain audience information? It is the easiest method of audience analysis. Respondents can remain anonymous. Respondents are eager to participate. It is the fastest method of audience analysis.
Respondents can remain anonymous.
Carla begins her speech by saying, "Imagine you see several Snapchats showing people enjoying Strawberry Shortcake and Rocky Road Oreos at outdoor festivals. Then you access a Facebook page devoted to locating the five new summer Oreo flavors in stores. You've just experienced social media marketing." Carla's speech clarifies a term by using __________. a literal analogy an operational definition a definition by example a figurative analogy
a definition by example
A successful technique for identifying an appropriate speech topic is to select __________. a subject about which the audience has no knowledge whatsoever a topic which interests both you and your audience a topic about which you are extremely knowledgeable in order to reduce research time and effort the "hottest" topic currently in the news
a topic which interests both you and your audience
Tariq's speech was about the emotional power of vocal dynamics. Which of the following would be the best presentational aid for Tariq to use? a video clip of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. speaking a chart of vocal qualities used by speakers a model of the vocal structure photographs of famous speakers
a video clip of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. speaking
Felicity is listening to her friend Carmen talk about her day at the office, while soft music is playing in the room. In this situation, Felicity is listening to Carmen as a(n) __________ behavior and listening partially to the music. evaluative active passive instinctive
active
Even at work, Abby is constantly checking Facebook and posting on Instagram. When Abby misses important information during a meeting because she is looking at Pinterest, her boss becomes angry. Abby's behavior is typical of __________. problematic Internet use inappropriate self-disclosure flaming excessive internet use
excessive internet use
A list of interpersonal needs was developed by psychologist Will Schutz to explain what motivates individuals to form relationships. What are these three needs? self-esteem, safety, and intimacy security, friendship, and affection inclusion, control, and affection respect, control, and self-actualization
inclusion, control, and affection
The need for improved intercultural communication is __________. declining controversial increasing unchanged
increasing
Bill and Linda have been a couple for several months. They share much more personal information about themselves now and have even adopted cute nicknames for one another. Which of Knapp and Vangelisti's stages of a relationship does this behavior represent? initiating bonding experimenting intensifying
intensifying
An introduction includes opening statements that serve two important functions: to motivate the audience to listen and to __________. persuade the audience to take action organize your own thoughts as the speaker synthesize your major points orient the audience to the subject
orient the audience to the subject
When you follow restaurant advice from a rating service like Yelp or travel advice from a site like TripAdvisor, you are valuing interpretation based on __________. past experience others' opinions new situations verbal communication
others' opinions
Mario said the cost of tuition was going up next year because he had failed to enroll in the tuition guarantee program. Mario's reasoning is an example of which type of fallacy? red herring post hoc hasty generalization either-or reasoning
post hoc
What is a suggested strategy for helping to reduce group conflict resulting from differing needs? principled negotiation reflexive thinking groupthink brainstorming
principled negotiation
Although it is no longer strictly accurate, dominant culture in the United States has historically been based upon that of __________. the combined "melting pot" white male Protestants from Western Europe all peoples of Eastern European descent masculine cultural norms from all ethnicities
white male Protestants from Western Europe
A conclusion of a speech should show that you are finishing your speech, reviewing main points, ending with a memorable thought, and __________. highlighting statistical information leaving your audience in suspense including new information making your thesis clear
making your thesis clear
When Javier is working on his speech, he writes "Washington, D.C. monuments" in the center of the paper and then jots down ideas that come to him about that topic. What technique is Javier using to develop his speech? mind mapping brainstorming storytelling signposting
mind mapping
Speakers must bring the __________ together in a condensed and uniform way in the conclusion of their speech. transitions source citations credibility signs most important points
most important points
A speech about a process serves two purposes: to increase understanding and to __________. ask for a change in belief or attitude encourage someone to join you explain the broader topic teach someone how to do something
teach someone how to do something
The text suggests that for every ten minutes of speaking time, speakers should allocate __________ of research and preparation time. two days two hours ten hours ten minutes
ten hours
Intercultural communication involves connecting with others in order to __________. alter your culture understand their culture promote your culture change their culture
understand their culture
Competent communication implies __________ communication. vivid informative appropriate persuasive
appropriate
Jilly never interrupts others when she is talking with them. She waits for them to complete their message before she interjects her ideas. Jilly's listening behavior can be classified as __________. appropriate dissonant complex symbolic
appropriate
When evaluating a website as a source for a speech, Niles saw that it was last updated in 1998. What aspect of the website is he noting? purpose comparison publishing body currency
currency
In the United States, what guarantees the freedom of the press to express views about the world? Pentagon Papers ruling Office of the President First Amendment Fifth Amendment
First Amendment
It is suggested in the text that information on your résumé should appear __________. alphabetically chronologically in order of prestige in order of importance
chronologically
The conclusion should accomplish several objectives. Which of the following is one of those objectives? Forecast the main points. Introduce your specific purpose. Prepare listeners for the end of your speech. Add new, startling information.
Prepare listeners for the end of your speech.
Which of the following represents a transition? There are at least 66 layers of bureaucracy to get through in order to spend government money. I have been studying the downfall of government spending for the past ten years. The final point I make is about how the economy relates to government spending. Government spending represents 22 percent of our nation's debt.
The final point I make is about how the economy relates to government spending.
When we try to find some personal meaning or value to the themes presented as we listen to a stage production, we are listening for __________. empathy enjoyment evaluation information
enjoyment
Before finishing your introduction, you should tell the audience what you will cover in the speech. This is known as __________. transitioning forecasting an internal review mind mapping
forecasting
As communicators, we typically incorporate emojis and bitmojis in messages in order to __________. help make our meanings clearer send primary verbal content engage in synchronous communication misdirect communication
help make our meanings clearer
Social media technologies are considered __________. one-way communication media highly accessible to most people declining technologies difficult to use for most people
highly accessible to most people
Andre just got hired as a paramedic at a well-established fire station. The men and women Andre will be working with constitute a __________ group. primary kinship secondary social
secondary
Which leadership style establishes complete control? laissez-faire autocratic task controller democratic
autocratic
Jared is scheduled to speak at the political rally next week. His speech is an example of __________ communication. A. mediated B. intrapersonal C. public D. mass
C. public
When selecting a pronoun to describe individualistic orientation, you would choose a(n) __________ consciousness. "you" "I" "we" "them"
"I"
Which action best describes the first step in perception-checking for a competent communicator? A. Describe the observed behavior. B. Think of two interpretations. C. Verify your interpretations. D. Assume your first interpretation is correct.
A. Describe the observed behavior.
What is the best guideline for using fonts in computer-generated presentations? Avoid using bullet points. Keep font sizes smaller than 20 points for maximum readability. Avoid font styles that are significantly stylized or curved. Use styles from the sans serif family of fonts.
Avoid font styles that are significantly stylized or curved.
__________ is the attraction group members feel for one another and their willingness to keep the group together. Cohesiveness Charisma Character Commitment
Cohesiveness
Which of the following can indicate that a website is not current and therefore may not be a good information resource? When you access the information again, it has changed. It is not the first website listed by a search engine. It has links to other websites that do not work. There is no author or publisher listed.
It has links to other websites that do not work.
__________ refers to how high or low a person's voice is on a tonal scale. Pitch Tone Force Rate
Pitch
A group should conduct a self-evaluation __________. when the group disbands at the completion of a task when a new member joins the group after the task or problem is identified
at the completion of a task
Which of the following would be a typical ritual experienced by millions of college students? eating breakfast keeping a calendar using social media attending graduation
attending graduation
Which type of speech is meant to alter attitudes and behavior? commemorative persuasive informative entertainment
persuasive
Articulation errors by a speaker are related to __________. increased clarity increased formality reduced vocal fillers reduced credibility
reduced credibility
Kari is unhappy with how she and her roommate divide up the housekeeping chores. Kari keeps mentioning it, and then is surprised when her roommate gets angry at being criticized. Kari seems to believe that __________. A. communication is a cure-all B. we have a natural ability to communicate C. communication is reversible D. quantity means quality
A. communication is a cure-all
Alec is an average guy, with average looks and intelligence. However, when he is out with his friend Jamie, Alec feels especially witty, good-looking, and interesting because they always seem to hang out with a fun crowd of interesting people. From what we know about this relationship, what changes when Alec is with Jamie? Jamie's communication competence Jamie's social identity Alec's values and beliefs Alec's self-perception
Alec's self-perception
Karolina is unhappy that a public speaking course is required for her major, as she feels she is an excellent communicator. Karolina believes which myth about communication? A. Meaning is in the words we use. B. Communication has the power to solve all our problems. C. We have a natural ability to communicate. D. Communication is reversible.
C. We have a natural ability to communicate.
What occurs at a virtual career fair? Job seekers receive training on how to interview. New employees may connect with mentors. Job seekers may connect online with potential employers. New employees are oriented.
Job seekers may connect online with potential employers.
Which social networking site focuses on providing support for professionals and potential employees and is a good resource for a job search? Pinterest LinkedIn Twitter Facebook
What is the most frequent complaint from students about group assignments, according to the text? The workload is unfair. The groups are not gender balanced. The assignments are time-consuming. The assignments are too complex.
The workload is unfair.
Which of the following scenarios demonstrates social loafing? When Gloria first joined the group, she was excited to take on her share of work, but she soon felt a lack of motivation and stopped doing her part. Kelvin dislikes working in groups and prefers to work on his own. Whenever he is asked to work on a project with a coworker, he refuses. Rather than listen to what others in the group had to say, Zach decided to do whatever he wanted to do on the project. Keeshah prefers to go along with whatever decision the group makes. She dislikes arguments and doesn't like to interject her point of view.
When Gloria first joined the group, she was excited to take on her share of work, but she soon felt a lack of motivation and stopped doing her part.
Riley's speech included the phrase, "As cited in the Chicago Tribune on December 4, 2018, . . . ." These words are an example of __________. an oral footnote a signpost an internal summary a warrant
an oral footnote
The specific purpose statement identifies the general purpose of a speech, the exact topic to be discussed, and the __________. evidence thesis research goal audience
audience
In Technopoly, communication scholar Neil Postman said the use of technology creates a __________. free and unrestrained press bargain with the devil 24/7 kaleidoscope of entertainment culture of openness
bargain with the devil
As a college student, when should you attend your first campus career fair? before senior year immediately after graduating during senior year when your post-grad job search fails
before senior year
After watching the symphony perform, Stella begins clapping and shouts, "Bravo!" Stella's clapping is __________ her verbal message. replacing contradicting regulating complementing
complementing
According to Knapp and Vangelisti, relationship stages are __________. continually deescalating complex and continuous sequential and well paced continually escalating
complex and continuous
Which kind of Internet use involves a person's inability to control, reduce, or stop utilizing the Internet? hostile sporadic excessive compulsive
compulsive
When Peter asked the audience, "Who created Facebook?" he was asking a question of __________. value policy fact opinion
fact
Ellen, Nala, and Lauren are sorority sisters who have remained close after college. They are also Facebook friends, and send Snapchat and Instagram photos to each other almost daily. When Nala finds the perfect wedding dress online, she immediately emails the link to the others. This communication relationship is characterized by __________. media multiplicity compulsive Internet use hyperpersonal communication high media richness
media multiplicity
What relationship maintenance strategy takes place when a person is willing to interact with a friend or partner about their relationship? sharing tasks social networking openness positivity
openness
Which type of definition includes the steps that make up a process? definition by example logical definition operational definition connotative definition
operational definition
According to Kramerae's muted group theory, status is related to __________. genetics education power wealth
power
Henry has always called his female employees "Hon" or "Sweetie" when he addresses them. Henry thinks this is friendly and nonthreatening, but the women clearly find it demeaning. Henry should increase his cultural competence by __________. learning about a new culture engaging in behavioral affirmation overaccommodating practicing intercultural sensitivity
practicing intercultural sensitivity
When we strive to use accurate language, the most important communication goal is _________. appropriateness vividness precision immediacy
precision
The best advice for students when developing a research plan for a speech is to __________. focus on only one type of supporting material to ensure consistency gather only as much information as you will need select references with the easiest access start early
start early
Understanding that a touch on the shoulder can mean sympathy, dominance, or sexual interest tells us what about touch communication? Four categories of touch behavior have been identified. Context is important to meaning. There are gender differences in touching behavior. Meaning is culturally universal.
Context is important to meaning.
Which of the following statements best characterizes the concept of language? It is a diverse system. It is a universal system. It is an innate system. It is an unbiased system.
It is a diverse system.
How can you incorporate the effective use of gestures while speaking? Use gestures as a form of filler when speaking. Practice the use of gestures in front of others. Move and gesture continuously throughout your speech. Focus on your gestures when delivering your speech.
Practice the use of gestures in front of others.
__________ is the term for how we evaluate ourselves. Self-esteem Self-awareness Self-image Self-respect
Self-esteem
__________ is the ability to regulate your communication both before and during an interaction. Self-actualization Self-confidence Self-monitoring Self-control
Self-monitoring
According to the text, what single strategy is used by successful students in finding an appropriate speech topic? They review current media before making a choice. They start looking as soon as they receive a speech assignment. They select a topic they know a lot about. They first survey the audience.
They start looking as soon as they receive a speech assignment.
Which of the following modes of communication has the least amount of interactivity? telephone television social media face-to-face
television
A communication device's __________ refers to the time it takes to send and receive messages. social cues interactivity temporal structure storage capacity
temporal structure
Juanita's stump speech was a breath of fresh air on the campaign trail, with voters finding her message forceful, new, and exciting. Which aspect of language did she use? vividness verbal immediacy metaphorical language appropriate language
vividness
In which communication situation is substituting taking place? Milek looks away when he is through talking. Tobey keeps a poker face when he plays cards with his friends. Nissa nods her head happily and says yes to the marriage proposal. Annabeth uses sign language to discipline her hearing-impaired child.
Annabeth uses sign language to discipline her hearing-impaired child.
What is the best general advice for enhancing your chances of getting job offers? Exaggerate your skills and experience. Be modest and low-key. Appear proud and slightly arrogant. Be prepared and present yourself positively.
Be prepared and present yourself positively.
Gillian is preparing her first professional résumé. Which format suggestion should she follow? Use 10- or 12-point type. Use a unique or ornate font to stand out. Use all the white space on the page. Use as many pages as necessary.
Use 10- or 12-point type.
When Matt's teacher said, "In order for you to complete tonight's homework, you will need to listen carefully," Matt decided to pay better attention. The teacher's words demonstrate the idea of __________. advance organizers planned repetition transitional phrases feedback
advance organizers
Lucia's presentation began with a discussion of her last three years of medical treatment. She shared every happy and sad moment along the way. This is an example of __________. a logical appeal reasoning by analogy causal reasoning an emotional appeal
an emotional appeal
Kwon's dormmates don't invite him to join any intramural teams. When someone mentions asking Kwon to play, his roommate remarks that Kwon is a poor athlete because he doesn't ever participate. Kwon's roommate is engaging in __________. accommodation behavioral affirmation intercultural sensitivity convergence
behavioral affirmation
Which type of body language appears to most help us establish relationships? posture gesture body motions eye behavior
eye behavior
An easy way to begin adapting your thinking when you meet someone from a different culture is to __________. learn more about it be aware of your own behavior engage in behavioral affirmation travel to another country
learn more about it
Telling a personal story to begin a speech tells the audience __________. about your public speaking experience the general speech purpose you know and are involved in your subject the importance of the topic
you know and are involved in your subject
Which phrase is a good example of a signpost? Let's summarize what we have learned. According to Professor Isaac Asimov, . . . Have you ever experienced . . . First, let me explain . . .
First, let me explain . . .
According to communication scholars Simon and Baxter, which of the following behaviors helps establish supportive and caring relationships? Be abstract or ambiguous when communicating. Suggest ways to spend time doing things together. Focus on expressing your own feelings and reactions. In certain situations, get angry or throw a tantrum.
Suggest ways to spend time doing things together.
As Karl listens to the speaker discuss his parents' Holocaust experience, he is deeply moved by his somber tone and use of silence to convey horror. What part of the listening process is Karl experiencing? hearing interpreting remembering evaluating
interpreting
Which principle of outlining clearly identifies the hierarchy of ideas? parallelism coordination motivated sequence subordination
subordination
Which of the following is a suggested strategy for improving communication between cultures? increasing social interaction with those of other cultures changing one's cultural orientation to more of an individualistic mindset changing one's cultural orientation to more of a collectivistic mindset increasing social media communication, as it's more likely to be universal
increasing social interaction with those of other cultures
Although they don't look alike, Evelyn and her sisters have always been told that they sound alike, and even use the same colloquialisms when they are happy or angry. As adults, all the sisters chose professions that involve helping those less fortunate than themselves. This family's similarities can be attributed to __________. an innate identity a shared gender a common nationality a learned culture
a learned culture
Melissa thought her best friend was mad at her because she sent a text in all caps. In actuality, her friend didn't realize she had sent a text message this way. This demonstrates how nonverbal communication is __________ because it can have more than one meaning. asynchronous conscious direct ambiguous
ambiguous
Maddie prefers to observe others from a distance. Charles Berger would classify Maddie's behavior as __________. passive active interactive actual
passive
Which of Aristotle's modes of persuasion relates to the speaker's emotional appeal to the audience? eros ethos logos pathos
pathos
In the depth of penetration model, the innermost circle represents __________. superficial information small talk private information factual information
private information
A thesis statement is expressed as a __________. sentence phrase few key words paragraph
sentence
__________ is pervasive and may hamper our communication by causing us to overlook individual characteristics and specific differences. A. Stereotyping B. Focusing C. Attributing D. Interpreting
A. Stereotyping
Which suggestion should be followed when participating in an effective interpersonal interaction? Let the conversation end on its own without forcing an ending. Minimize the number of times you call the other person by name. Avoid eye contact. Encourage the other person to talk about himself or herself.
Encourage the other person to talk about himself or herself.
Which of the following best demonstrates an ability to accurately process information? Efrem enjoys listening to the band's new songs. Kate finds her friend's new house after listening to directions. Jorge compares the two candidate's platforms. Delia can't wait to hear all about the wedding plans.
Kate finds her friend's new house after listening to directions.
__________ speeches attempt to change a listener's beliefs, attitudes, or behavior. Persuasive Demonstration Acceptance Informative
Persuasive
How can job applicants best utilize the capabilities of LinkedIn during a job search? View Fortune 500 company profiles. Ask friends what they have done on LinkedIn. Visit the LinkedIn Learning Center for information and resources. Post a résumé and wait for results.
Visit the LinkedIn Learning Center for information and resources.
During her first week at school, Yasmine is losing patience with her roommate's concerns about modesty and her reluctance to change her clothes in front of Yasmine. According to the text, what strategy would be most effective in this situation? Yasmine should confront her roommate about her "silly attitude." Yasmine should ignore her roommate's issues and just deal with it. Yasmine should avoid spending time in her room. Yasmine should learn more about her roommate's background.
Yasmine should learn more about her roommate's background.
Which of the following may provide a clue to a biased online resource? a website that was recently published or updated a website found using a search engine a URL that includes terms such as "/users/" or "/people/" a URL that contains .edu or .gov
a URL that includes terms such as "/users/" or "/people/"
Because websites aren't subject to the same evaluation and reviews as other sources, it is recommended that you __________. support all findings with non-mediated references limit research to one web-based reference rely only on printed resources and interviews with credible experts evaluate the people and organizations responsible for the site
evaluate the people and organizations responsible for the site
As a speech pathologist, Liz listens closely to the children who come to her office for assessment. What is the primary type of listening which occurs in this situation? evaluative for appreciation for information empathic
evaluative
Critical listening involves two phases: assessing the speaker's values and intent, and __________. understanding the timetable of the message judging the accuracy of the speaker's conclusions evaluating the private versus public meaning responding to the message in a timely manner
judging the accuracy of the speaker's conclusions
Advance organizers are __________. statements that make information relevant to the audience statements that warn listeners that significant information is coming transitions and other speech connectors deliberate restatements that increase the likelihood the audience will understand and remember
statements that warn listeners that significant information is coming
Which type of social media message tends to feel more personal? asynchronous anonymous replicated synchronous
synchronous
When we determine an action plan to change our self-concept, it's important to realize that it takes commitment and __________. money other people time luck
time
According to placement service data, the average applicant should spend about __________ searching for employment. 15 to 25 hours weekly 30 to 60 minutes daily 15 to 25 hours monthly 1 hour daily
15 to 25 hours weekly
The importance of communication in the workplace is underscored by the study showing most workers send and receive more than __________ messages each day. 100 75 50 175
175
To celebrate the end of the semester, students at the University of Texas charge a main crosswalk holding foam swords on the last Friday of classes. This behavior is an example of __________. cultural diversity a rite of passage a cultural ritual a value
a cultural ritual
Speakers incorporate testimony into their remarks in order to add __________. currency comparison relevance trustworthiness
trustworthiness
The principal subdivisions of a speech are referred to as __________. subpoints main points thesis statements fundamentals
main points
Ainsley was confused when her friend kept referring to his homeland as "her" and its leader as "the mother of our country." What language barrier best explains Ainsley's confusion? Language can be sexist. Language can cause polarization. Culture affects language use. Many out-groups use code-switching.
Culture affects language use.
Which strategy should job applicants always follow when applying online? Avoid contacting the employer directly. Provide your Social Security number. Submit one application for multiple positions within the same company. Proofread your information carefully.
Proofread your information carefully.
Which of the following shows the use of concrete words? The hail that fell yesterday was the size of golf balls. The traffic system in our town is good. The landscaping looks nice. It has been predicted that the weather for this weekend will be just fine.
The hail that fell yesterday was the size of golf balls.
The use of lean media is often associated with __________. rich social cues shared physical space anonymity emotion
anonymity
Another term for body language is __________. oculesics haptics semantics kinesics
kinesics
If an American student, a Cuban student, and a Russian student all saw the same photo of an American flag being stomped on, are they all likely to interpret it the same way? A. No. Our perceptions are based on our experiences, and the students' experiences are likely to be different from each other. B. Yes. The photo is really not controversial. C. Yes. There is a physical reality shown that is not subjective. D. Yes. They all share the same status of "students."
A. No. Our perceptions are based on our experiences, and the students' experiences are likely to be different from each other.
Disseminating mediated and mass communication is completed through __________. A. communications B. message delivery C. transmission D. content transportation
A. communications
The value of effective communication has been recognized by __________. A. most ancient and modern cultures B. modern political pundits but not classical rhetoricians C. primarily the ancient Greek and Roman empires D. primarily the Western world
A. most ancient and modern cultures
Which of the following MOST accurately characterizes communication competence? A. In a two-way communication situation, only one of the communicators needs to communicate skillfully. B. The people in the communication process have the skills and understandings to exchange messages successfully. C. It occurs when communication is halted by feedback. D. Communication competence is an innate ability that most people possess.
B. The people in the communication process have the skills and understandings to exchange messages successfully.
Kinch's model demonstrates the connection between __________. external behavior and internal self-esteem values and beliefs communication with others and self-concept self-esteem and self-concept
communication with others and self-concept
When Linda is at work, she acts competent and confident, and exceeds her manager's expectations. But when Linda is at home, she lets her mom wait on her and expects her dad to fill up her car with gas each weekend. Linda's self-image is affected by __________. learned expectations content context comparison
context
Being an active perceiver, recognizing that you may not perceive the same as others, and keeping an open mind are ways to __________. A. ensure retention of what you perceive B. avoid misperceptions C. achieve selective attention D. guarantee persuasion
B. avoid misperceptions
Why does the text assert that "Perception is at the heart of our communication"? A. Perception of meaning is directly related to intent. B. Perceptions are the pumps that push meanings through the arteries and veins of communication. C. Perceptions give meaning to communication and influence what we communicate with others and how we do so. D. Perceptions are important but are strictly physiological.
C. Perceptions give meaning to communication and influence what we communicate with others and how we do so.
Which term is used to denote the delivery systems for mediated and mass communication? A. linguistics B. remediation C. communications D. mass media
C. communications
When you stepped outside this morning, the ground was wet. You assume it rained, but you make a mental note to check last night's weather online. Which guideline of checking your perceptions would this exemplify? A.Recognize that people from different cultural backgrounds do not always attach the same meanings to events, objects, and people. B. Biases slant our perceptions. C. Recognize your personal biases. D. Separate fact from assumptions.
D. Separate fact from assumptions.
The main focus of a __________ group is on social and interpersonal relationships. work tertiary primary secondary
primary
Communication is considered a __________ because it is a combination of parts that form a whole but act independently. A. reaction B. system C. process D. plan
B. system
Latasha and Sue decide to catch up by meeting at the local park during the afternoon, rather than getting together that evening in a noisy bar. The friends have decided to control the psychological and physical surroundings of their meeting, referred to as the communication __________. A. process B. climate C. environment D. context
C. environment
When Avery asked her professor for assistance after class, the professor did not look up from her phone and told Avery to make an appointment. Avery decided that her instructor was unhappy with her, when in truth, the professor was distracted by a personal matter. The message Avery received from the professor was __________. A. directive B. reversible C. unintentional D. intentional
C. unintentional
Which of the following demonstrates communication with the lowest level of immediacy? I think you and I will enjoy eating at a restaurant. You and I will enjoy eating at the new restaurant. We will have a great time eating at the new restaurant. People often enjoy eating at restaurants.
People often enjoy eating at restaurants.
Stefan realized there were probably 30 different places he could look to find information on his speech topic, but he narrowed his choices down to two reference books and three magazines because he felt they were more likely to help him create his speech. What aspect of his research plan did Stefan accomplish in this step? Take good notes. Prepare a preliminary list of references. Gather more information than you think you need. Start early.
Prepare a preliminary list of references.
According to uncertainty reduction theory, which of the following would most likely be your initial response to a situation in which uncertainty arose? You are likely to seek information. You are likely to provide information. You are likely to compare costs and benefits. You are likely to end the interaction.
You are likely to seek information.
When Carlene learns her coworker just lost her dog, she refrains from talking about her fun weekend and expresses her sadness at this event. Carlene is demonstrating the ability to __________. adapt to a particular situation and to individuals be fair and ethical speak out aggressively rather than being reserved spend more time listening than speaking
adapt to a particular situation and to individuals
Speakers who use manuscript delivery are less able to __________. deliver their message accurately adapt to audience reactions exhibit speech anxiety use precise and carefully planned language
adapt to audience reaction
Flaming on social media is intended to __________. be offensive share compliments resolve conflicts be witty
be offensive
Which of the following speech topics is narrow enough for Jared to develop a five-minute speech? seasonal weather patterns across the United States changing winter weather conditions in Little Rock, Arkansas the changing global climate historic winter weather conditions in northern New England
changing winter weather conditions in Little Rock, Arkansas
Even though Carson is the department manager, he always involves his staff in making decisions. Which leadership style does this represent? democratic laissez-faire combination of leadership styles autocratic
democratic
The process of perception does not usually involve which communication element? encoding selecting organizing interpreting
encoding
Descriptive __________ refer(s) to a way to verify a message by describing to the sender what you think the message means. agreement regulation interpretation feedback
feedback
One positive outcome of conflict is identified as __________. reduced cohesiveness among group members greater involvement by group members quicker group decisions increased tension
greater involvement by group members
When Carlos uses FaceTime on his phone to video chat with his parents who live 1,500 miles away, he is demonstrating the concept of __________. media multitasking traditional technology information overload media convergence
media convergence
Using immediate language helps make the message __________. more specific and denotative intentionally misleading more relevant to the listener broad and timeless
more relevant to the listener
Kyle wants to create a graph that shows 60 percent of funding went to research, 20 percent went to investments, 10 percent went to advertising, and the remaining 10 percent went to salaries. Which type of graph best illustrates these proportional divisions? bar graph pie graph data table line graph
pie graph
What procedure helps group members negotiate consensus by enabling expression of differing needs and the search for alternatives to meet those needs? reflective thinking conflict escalation groupthink principled negotiation
principled negotiation
Even though they had been dating for a few weeks, Andy did not invite Leticia to his apartment or ask her to meet his friends. Andy is seemingly concerned about __________. stereotyping transcorporeal communication catharsis privacy
privacy
Cultures with a high power distance orientation usually value __________. challenging the status quo democratic decision making multiple ideas and options social class and title
social class and title
In order to be effective, group members must understand __________. standards are merely constraints an outside negotiator is always an option time is the most important consideration they are responsible for their successes and failures
they are responsible for their successes and failures
It is important to learn more about effective listening because __________. it will soon be required curriculum for university completion careful listening guarantees professional success technology has made writing obsolete we are all consumers of communication
we are all consumers of communication
A good strategy for improving your interpretation of nonverbal communication is to __________. look for straightforward information verify unclear messages rely on your first impression make assumptions
verify unclear messages
The local food bank distributed a brochure with active, direct quotes from local families benefiting from the items they received at the food bank. Which aspect of effective language use does this demonstrate? vividness metaphor immediacy accuracy
vividness
Bypassing occurs in the communication process when __________. a speaker uses language that covers up the true meaning of what they are saying the words that are being used only have meaning to those in a particular profession a speaker assumes that an entire group has the same characteristics as an individual what a listener hears and understands is something different than what the speaker means
what a listener hears and understands is something different than what the speaker means
Which of the following describes individuals who demonstrate appropriate interpersonal communication? They constantly disclose personal information about themselves to complete strangers. They do not vary in their approach to communication with people from diverse backgrounds. They seldom communicate with the loved ones they see on a daily basis. They are able to tailor their communication styles.
They are able to tailor their communication styles.
A cluster of people standing in line for coffee at the local bakery appear at first glance to constitute a group. According to the text definition, though, they only meet one of the criteria. Which one is it? They have a common purpose. They are clearly interdependent. They are in the same place at the same time. They have group roles.
They have a common purpose.
How can watching the news and reading newspapers on a regular basis help you become a more competent communicator? They help you to know when and how to end the conversation. They increase your own confidence. They provide good topics for small talk. They help reduce uncertainty between yourself and others.
They provide good topics for small talk.
What designates a main point in an outline? a lowercase letter a capital letter a Roman numeral an Arabic numeral
a Roman numeral
When Brea spoke at graduation, she included a rap version of the university's beloved official song and used some off-color language. Given the situation, Brea failed to use __________ language. vivid colorful immediate appropriate
appropriate
Pathos refers to the speaker's ability to provoke what from the listeners? appropriate emotion a conclusion based on their beliefs and values an understanding based on logic feedback and evaluation
appropriate emotion
Connor's roommates are frustrated with him. He's a good guy generally, but when he watches TV or listens to music, the volume is always annoyingly high. He also seems to ignore people's comments a lot. What they don't know about Connor is that he has significant hearing loss. He seems honestly confused when they broach these misbehaviors with him. Which of these perceptual differences helps provide insight into this miscommunication? attribution error similarity perceptual set proximity
attribution error
Which of the following pieces of audience information would most strongly affect the formality of a speaker's delivery? audience size knowledge level gender distribution audience interest in the topic
audience size
Through __________ reasoning, the sequence of thought moves from general information to a specific conclusion. connotative denotative deductive inductive
deductive
The first step in the reflective thinking process is to __________. analyze solutions suggest solutions define the problem analyze the problem
define the problem
The text suggests that the best approach when receiving a sext is to __________ it. ignore delete forward respond to
delete
What are the two kinds of key information the speaker should gather about the prospective audience? demographic and psychological psychological and cultural physiological and educational size and gender
demographic and psychological
Harry was just beginning his interview for his dream job at a major accounting firm. When Harry was asked by the interviewer to "Tell me a little about yourself," he correctly understood this to mean __________. provide your age, sexual orientation, and marital status tell me your life story describe your character and qualifications review your weaknesses
describe your character and qualifications
Social theorists examine perspectives on language especially relating to __________. inclusion etymology pronunciation inflection
inclusion
Samantha's parents continue to talk with her like she is in high school, although soon she will be graduating from college and entering law school. A communication concept illustrates that her parents might be stuck in an outdated __________. perceptual set culture stereotype attribution error
perceptual set
Trevor thought his professor's voice sounded very harsh, and subsequently he didn't like listening to his lectures. What aspect of the professor's voice was Trevor evaluating? vocal variety vocal quality grammar gestures
vocal quality
Which aspect of Toulmin's model takes place when the persuader must explain the relationship between what they want to be believed and the evidence available to support it? data warrant claim form
warrant
Nonverbal communication refers to behaviors, symbols, attributes, or objects—__________—that communicate messages with social meaning. only when intended only when not intended whether intended or not as well as spoken words
whether intended or not
The act of excluding or denying people access to products, rights, and services based on their race, gender, sexual orientation, or disability is known as __________. ethnocentrism inferiority superiority discrimination
discrimination
How long should most job applicants expect to spend in the initial job interview? half a business day one business day 2 hours 20 to 30 minutes
20 to 30 minutes
When using computer-generated slides, less than __________ of them should include graphics or pictures. 25 percent 5 percent 75 percent 50 percent
25 percent
Once a source has determined the meaning of a message, he or she must __________ the message before communicating it to a receiver. A. decode B. repeat C. alter D. encode
D. encode
__________ are the richest form of communication. Face-to-face interactions Telephone calls Text messages Written documents
Face-to-face interactions
__________ refer to words whose meanings cannot be understood according to ordinary usage. Similes Concepts Idioms Metaphors
Idioms
Golan is presenting his speech on biodiversity using information from a professor's personal page on a research institution's website. This resource is reliable if he __________. determines that the information is novel and not found elsewhere knows the professor's identity and qualifications to determine the information's credibility knows the professor's identity and qualifications and can support the claims with a minimum of two other resources gets personal confirmation from the professor that the information is current and accurate
knows the professor's identity and qualifications to determine the information's credibility
A professor conducts her philosophy course by encouraging students to argue with her assertions and defend any contradictory stance. In fact, she keeps her highest praise for those who can successfully change her mind. This class supports a __________ culture. low power distance nurturing high power distance achievement
low power distance
Our gender identity reflects our concept of __________. attractiveness or unattractiveness biological sex maleness or femaleness heterosexuality or homosexuality
maleness or femaleness
Matthew's analysis has revealed that his audience has no opinion about his topic. In order to best communicate his ideas, Matthew needs to __________. acknowledge their lack of expertise find areas of agreement provoke their interest conduct further audience analysis
provoke their interest
The art of effective oral communication with an audience is known as __________. oratory interpersonal communication persuasion public speaking
public speaking
A collectivistic orientation to culture and self-concept tends to __________. put aside individual goals for the well-being of the group describe the verbal and nonverbal ways we act to maintain our own image create an overly positive image in order to distinguish oneself from others stress personal goals and achievements more than group goals and achievements
put aside individual goals for the well-being of the group
The goal of developing and carrying out a research plan is to help the speaker __________. develop an organizational strategy support the topic work on their delivery eliminate unnecessary information
support the topic
After he finished speaking, several audience members told Norris they appreciated hearing the story of his own journey through the foster system and felt moved to learn more about the process of fostering a child. Which criteria of the speech are they evaluating? topic supporting materials persuasive attitude organizational pattern
supporting materials
We express our ideas and feelings through signs, sounds, gestures, or marks known as __________. symbols words semantics speech
symbols
Marietta wants a memorable way she can tie all of the points of her speech together. She decides to use a quote from President John F. Kennedy, which relates to her topic. After her speech, many audience members mentioned how these words really brought her point home. Based on the recommendations in the text, Marietta's conclusion did a good job of summarizing and __________. stipulating instructing synthesizing processing
synthesizing
Our increasingly interconnected world requires __________ in order to communicate cultural competence. learning more about your own culture taking specific action giving up your own beliefs confirming behavior
taking specific action
The main difference between hearing and listening is __________. attending selecting understanding receiving
understanding
Speech anxiety causes a chemical reaction in our bodies in which __________. our blood sugar plummets estrogen and testosterone rise rapidly we secrete hormones and adrenaline our breathing and heart rate slows
we secrete hormones and adrenaline
As captain of their adult league softball team, Ignacio sometimes needs to communicate with Nick, who is in charge of water and equipment for each game. When a schedule change occurs, Ignacio texts Nick the information, and Nick responds that he has received it. Their relationship is best characterized as one of __________ ties. kinship latent strong weak
weak
Individuals who are competent at intercultural communication are able to communicate __________. well on an intrapersonal basis well with those who have different views of the world mostly with those who are culturally similar to themselves primarily on a nonverbal basis
well with those who have different views of the world
Studies show that college students spend at least __________ of their time listening. 10 percent 80 percent 50 percent 5 percent
50 percent
Which of the following is an accurate description of a speech meant to inform as opposed to a speech meant to persuade? A persuasive speech can be accomplished without also trying to inform the audience. The informative speech is designed to alter attitudes and behavior. The persuasive speech is designed to increase knowledge. An informative speech can be presented without any attempt to persuade.
An informative speech can be presented without any attempt to persuade.
According to the text, which common myth about communication is the probably the most serious misconception of all? A. Communication is a cure-all. B. Meaning is in the words we use. C. Quantity means quality. D. We have a natural ability to communicate.
B. Meaning is in the words we use.
Which communication scenario best demonstrates the nonverbal function known as repeating? When Michaela's mom started to explain the events planned for the weekend, Michaela nods her head to let her know she is listening. When the dentist realized that Sonja's tooth was going to need a root canal, she kept a smile on her face so as not to alarm Sonja. Riley knew he was in trouble, so he immediately called for help as loudly as he could. Carmen held up two fingers as she explained that she had two more points to make.
Carmen held up two fingers as she explained that she had two more points to make.
As part of her speech, Nora noted, "Anxiety disorders have a lasting effect. Anxiety disorders affect one in eight children. Anxiety disorders must be defeated." Which aspect of developing your main points is Nora demonstrating? Use vivid language. Show relevance. Be general. Create parallel structure.
Create parallel structure.
After getting in a fight with a friend over a political tweet, Evan is careful in how he communicates online. Which of the following strategies will most help improve Evan's online communication competence? Critically evaluate the messages you consume. Remember that social media keeps changing. Limit your social media use. Work to avoid information overload.
Critically evaluate the messages you consume.
__________ refers to an individual's system of moral principles. Logos Conscience Ethics Charisma
Ethics
Which of the following situations would be best suited for delivering a memorized speech? Charlene raised her hand to answer the professor's question. The professor told the class they could use note cards for their main points to refer to during their speech. Norris doesn't want to forget a single word of the eight-page speech he has written. Harold is making a toast at his brother's wedding next week.
Harold is making a toast at his brother's wedding next week.
When Joan's community-based choir hired a new director, he introduced more contemporary songs and often invited choir members to take a turn directing the group. Joan found she enjoyed this new informality. Joan's experience demonstrates what about group culture? Conflict is sometimes tolerated. It is usually static. Size has an impact. It constantly changes and develops.
It constantly changes and develops.
What does every language in the world have in common? It helps create and sustain equality. It helps unify perception. It enables people to share meaning with others. It enables communication in a neutral manner.
It enables people to share meaning with others.
During a job interview, which nonverbal strategy will most help you appear confident? Arrive on time. Dress comfortably. Shake hands as you exit. Maintain eye contact.
Maintain eye contact.
Sally has a history of messing up her presentations because of nerves. The moment she stands up in front of people she freezes and can hardly speak. What would be sound advice for Sally? Nervousness cannot be eliminated, but you can learn to control it. Attempt to achieve perfection when speaking in front of an audience. When you can eliminate your nervousness, then you will be able to speak effectively. Learn your lesson and avoid making presentations for the rest of your life.
Nervousness cannot be eliminated, but you can learn to control it.
Edith thought the smile on her teacher's face meant that everyone in the class did well on the test. She was surprised when she received a poor grade. Which reason for misinterpreting nonverbal communication does this best represent? Nonverbal cues are subtle. Nonverbal cues are direct. Nonverbal cues have multiple meanings. Nonverbal cues are simplistic.
Nonverbal cues have multiple meanings.
Which of the following represents a question of policy? Where is the headquarters for Apple Inc.? Should university health centers diagnose sexually transmitted diseases? Is a vegan diet superior to a typical diet? Who were the ten best U.S. presidents?
Should university health centers diagnose sexually transmitted diseases?
Which type of communication is richest in social cues? a face-to-face interaction an email a telephone call a text message
a face-to-face interaction
The National Communication Association includes which of the following guidelines for competent listening? understanding of listening as a passive, yet complex, process knowledge of the dangers of sympathetic listening ability to identify and manage barriers to listening ability to create and deliver effective messages
ability to identify and manage barriers to listening
Communicating effectively with those from different cultural backgrounds than your own mostly requires __________. advanced education an individualistic mindset extreme patience adaptability
adaptability
Chanita really enjoyed listening to the speaker because she was energetic and got the audience involved in her talk. What aspect of establishing credibility is Chanita influenced by? competence context character charisma
charisma
Sergey was disappointed in the seminar on battle strategies because it focused strictly on the American Civil War. He took few notes and sneaked out during a brief break. Sergey is experiencing which obstacle to effective listening? avoiding a difficult listening situation criticizing the speaker instead of the message concentrating on main ideas, not details considering the topic uninteresting
considering the topic uninteresting
We refer to the understanding of how technologically mediated communication and face-to-face communication come together in our daily lives as media __________. convergence overload multiplexity multitasking
convergence
When compared to the creation of television, radio, and newspapers, social media has __________. evolved rapidly developed slowly had limited impact remained relatively unchanged
evolved rapidly
When considering the timeline of technology from the late 1800s to the 2000s, the most striking feature is the __________. rapid development of communication technology in recent years slow development of communication technology in the last two decades steady development of communication technology during this period absence of communication technology until the 1960s
rapid development of communication technology in recent years
The goal of using the extemporaneous method of speech delivery is to __________. sound formal and considered use off-the-cuff thoughts and language sound conversational and spontaneous use precise words, phrases, and sentences
sound conversational and spontaneous
When a speaker motivates the audience to listen by demonstrating believability, this is referred to as __________. speaker credibility speaker likeability audience disposition audience analysis
speaker credibility
When evaluating the introduction of a speech, the evaluator should look for a __________. list of the main points memorable concluding idea specific purpose and thesis statement humorous anecdote
specific purpose and thesis statement
Research indicates that audiences remember information significantly longer when accompanied with __________. gestures statistics visual aids quotations
visual aids
Perception checking occurs when a person is listening __________. for information to evaluate to enjoy with empathy
with empathy
Communication competence is characterized by skills and understandings that enable communicators to __________. A. continually keep in contact with friends and family B. make mediated or face-to-face connections C. reflect on how we make and maintain connections D. exchange messages accurately and successfully
D. exchange messages accurately and successfully
The process by which we engage in the simultaneous sharing and creating of meaning through __________ is called communication. A. written interaction B. conversation and dialogue C. posture and gesture D. human symbolic interaction
D. human symbolic interaction
To get information for her report, Carli asked the librarian a series of questions about the library's role in the upcoming referendum. Which type of communication was taking place between Carli and the librarian? A. interview B. mass C. forum D. public
A. interview
Which scenario is most typical of an individual raised in a collectivistic culture? April is focused on getting the highest score possible on the MCATs and seldom wants to make social plans. Kaia spends a lot of her free time helping out her parents and always describes herself as a dutiful eldest daughter. Drew likes to mention that he is the best basketball player among all his friends and likely to get a scholarship. Emilio works two jobs to make enough money to start his own accounting business.
Kaia spends a lot of her free time helping out her parents and always describes herself as a dutiful eldest daughter.
A study asking respondents to identify the gender of 9-month-old infants found that __________. infants exhibit early behavioral and personality characteristics, which identify their gender most people can identify males or females by visual appearance clothing color leads to gender stereotyping assigned names lead to gender stereotyping
assigned names lead to gender stereotyping
A misconception about communication regarding the quantity of messages is that __________. A. more communication is always better B. less communication is always better C. the content of communication makes the difference D. those who communicate a great deal are perceived as more friendly and competent
A. more communication is always better
What makes listening a cognitive function? People are more inclined to listen to understand rather than listen to respond. Listening is simply a physical event. Listening happens automatically. A number of synaptic or mental activities take place in the brain while we listen.
A number of synaptic or mental activities take place in the brain while we listen.
Which of the following explains why communication is considered a process? A. Communication involves a series of actions that have no beginning or end and change constantly. B. Communication requires a constant flow of feedback to counteract noise. C. Communication is an intentional delivery of messages. D. Communication starts with one person, moves to another person, and continues to expand its reach.
A. Communication involves a series of actions that have no beginning or end and change constantly.
Kevin told the group no member should deliberately try to deceive another person or present false information. Which guideline for ethical behavior is Kevin concerned with? All group members should conduct themselves with honesty and integrity. Confidential information shared in the group should remain confidential. Group members should be willing to share all legitimate information that might benefit the group in reaching its goal. All group members should have the right to state an opinion or a unique perspective.
All group members should conduct themselves with honesty and integrity.
When your parents attempt to contact you, but you miss the call or text, they assume the worst if you don't get back with them quickly and they jump to a drastic conclusion. It might be more effective for them to __________. A. label their inferences B. check their perceptions C. call the police immediately D. remember your frame of reference
B. check their perceptions
The ability to process, interpret and store information is referred to as __________. A. organizational complexity B. cognitive complexity C. closure D. selective attention
B. cognitive complexity
Which of the following students is using the most effective method to practice delivering a speech? Gina read through her speech four times and tried to memorize as much of it as she could in order to reduce errors. Salvador practiced his introduction and conclusion but didn't worry about the main points as he wanted to present them extemporaneously. Jon knew that his main points were the most important part of his speech, so he practiced them extensively and didn't worry about the introduction or conclusion. Bethany decided to practice her introduction first, then her main points, and then the conclusion. After that, she would practice it all together.
Bethany decided to practice her introduction first, then her main points, and then the conclusion. After that, she would practice it all together.
Which statement best expresses research findings regarding the value of communication in the workplace? A. Fewer employers today are seeking workers with written communication skills. B. Employers no longer value workers' communication skills, as most communication functions have been replaced by technology. C. Employers want workers to be able to communicate well both verbally and in writing. D. Employers value nonverbal communication skills more than verbal ones.
C. Employers want workers to be able to communicate well both verbally and in writing.
When Taylor assesses recent product orders, she informs her supervisor that they need more staff in order to meet demand over the next six months. Her boss agrees and puts in a requisition to increase department staffing. In what way does the exchange between Taylor and her boss demonstrate the concept of communication competence? A.They have not demonstrated communication competence. B. They have made connections with the outside world. C. They have exchanged messages accurately and successfully. D. They have presented themselves in the ways they choose in order to connect.
C. They have exchanged messages accurately and successfully.
An exchange of information between two people is known as __________ communication. A. linear B. informal C. dyadic D. intrapersonal
C. dyadic
Before expressing her thoughts on the direction of their relationship, Sandra took some time to consider what words would clearly convey her feelings to Eric. This process is known as __________. A. sending B. reacting C. encoding D. decoding
C. encoding
To form perceptions, it is required that we use at least one of our five senses. This fact implies that perception is a(n) __________. A. confusing process B. unnecessary impediment C. simple biological event D. complex phenomenon
D. complex phenomenon
The most successful communicators find that they must __________ A. become expert public speakers B. focus on proficiency in one type of communication C. learn to use social media exclusively D. constantly adapt their communication type and style
D. constantly adapt their communication type and style
Communication always involves __________. A.sending information from a decoder to an encoder B.a one-way transaction of information C. intentional meaning and information D. creating meaning through the use of symbols
D. creating meaning through the use of symbols
Anything that changes the meaning of an intended message is called __________. A. context B. a symbol C. perception D. interference
D. interference
Which question will best help listeners judge the accuracy of the speaker's conclusions? Does the speaker have a vested interested in the message? How would I rate the speaker's presentational skill? Does the speaker's conclusion align with my own beliefs? Have I heard this information before?
Does the speaker have a vested interested in the message?
Which of the following is considered an accepted group behavior? Look for ways to stick to your viewpoint. Criticize the person and not the idea. Base disagreements on emotion. Express disagreements openly and honestly.
Express disagreements openly and honestly.
Which communication medium would be most helpful in developing new relationships? newspapers television Facebook radio
Ryan has decided to begin a master's program along with three other teachers at his school. Together, they have formed a study group to help keep them on track during the busy school year. This demonstrates which advantage in joining a group? Groups help meet the need for security. Groups help satisfy important psychological and social needs. Group membership helps people achieve goals that otherwise might not be accomplished. Group membership contributes to an individual's positive social identity.
Group membership helps people achieve goals that otherwise might not be accomplished.
__________ describes the audience's perception of a speaker's reliability and dependability. Competence Consistency Fairness Trustworthiness
Trustworthiness
Before attending her university's career fair, Susannah developed and practiced a one-minute speech introducing herself and highlighting her credentials. Susannah was preparing __________. an elevator pitch a persuasive speech small talk an oral résumé
an elevator pitch
Sending a tweet is considered a(n) __________ method of communication. real-time instantaneous asynchronous synchronous
asynchronous
Which of the following is an example of a speech topic on an event? intercultural communication student protests about tuition increases how sitting is the "new smoking" benefits of vitamins
student protests about tuition increases
Jing's speech on multiple sclerosis included personal examples of his mother's struggle with the disease. His mom's experiences are a form of __________. hypothetical illustration literal analogy statistics testimony
testimony
Juanita was listening to her favorite podcast when a friend stopped by to talk. When she realized the seriousness of the conversation, she stopped the podcast to reduce distractions and to give her friend full attention. Which competent listening skill is best described by Juanita's action? the ability to identify and manage barriers to listening the ability to use appropriate listening skills for a given communication situation comprehension of the listening process the understanding of the importance of effective listening
the ability to identify and manage barriers to listening
Research suggests that women are superior in __________. engaging in nonverbal deception the ability to interpret voice tone all aspects of nonverbal communication the ability to read facial expressions
the ability to read facial expressions
The most important factor when learning to control speech anxiety is __________. the determination to succeed enrolling in a communication course finding outside help encouragement from others
the determination to succeed
A way for Matis to signal the end of his speech is near is to say, "__________." I have finished That's it Today, as we have examined Let me add one more thing
Today, as we have examined
A person who demonstrates communication competence can __________ A. exchange messages successfully and accurately B. deliver a speech without apprehension C. utilize all forms of mediated communication D. speak or write in multiple languages
A. exchange messages successfully and accurately
Changing demographics in the United States underscore the importance of __________. A. increasing our communication knowledge and flexibility B. learning to communicate in multiple languages C. relying on nonverbal gestures and behaviors to communicate D. becoming more adept at our native language
A. increasing our communication knowledge and flexibility
According to the __________ perspective of communication, communicators act simultaneously by encoding and decoding information at the same time. A. transactional B. reactive C. unintentional D. linear
A. transactional
The work Successful Aging: A Communication Guide to Empowerment examines which culturally based truism about aging? Attitudes about aging are culturally universal. Eastern cultures value youth above other age groups. Western societies tend to revere those middle-aged and over. Attitudes about aging are culturally derived.
Attitudes about aging are culturally derived.
Which factor leads to greater overall success in academics, relationships, career, and in life, regardless of cultural background, learning style, or geographic location? A. writing skills B. communication proficiency C. social media proficiency D. public speaking skills
B. communication proficiency
Telling a lie to protect your own position or to hurt someone else reflects your individual communication __________. A. symbolism B. ethics C. competence D. interference
B. ethics
When Joe takes the train to work, he hears other passengers talking in several languages and notices when the conductor gestures for him to hold out his ticket. Joe waits to hear his stop announced before moving to stand by the exit door. The common language thread between these communication situations is known as __________ interaction. A. multicultural B. human symbolic C. public D. intrapersonal
B. human symbolic
A message that was sent to a specific receiver on purpose is known as __________ communication; whereas a message that was not sent on purpose to a specific receiver is known as __________ communication. A. simple; complex B. intentional; unintentional C. systematic; transactional D. transactional; systematic
B. intentional; unintentional
Effective communicators develop a broad range of behaviors from which to choose in what is termed a communication __________. A. bank B. repertoire C. system D. environment
B. repertoire
Kendra wants to know the size of the room she will be speaking in and the audience's seating arrangement. What aspect of communication is Kendra concerned with? A. channel B. context C. environment D. feedback
C. environment
The personal-social identity continuum describes how we think of our identity as __________. children and as adults individuals and as members of social groups learners and as teachers biological clan members and as peer group members
individuals and as members of social groups
Research involving college students with both optimistic and pessimistic outlooks found those with __________. an optimistic view were no more likely to imagine a positive future a pessimistic view were less likely to imagine their future positive expectations believed they were more likely to be successful negative expectations were more likely to work harder for success
positive expectations believed they were more likely to be successful
According to the text, the characteristics of nurturance and personal warmth are considered __________ virtues but are __________. positive feminine; stereotypical negative male; more prevalent in individualistic cultures negative feminine; self-confirming positive male; stereotypical
positive feminine; stereotypical
One way to avoid living out a negative self-fulfilling prophecy is to __________. associate only with those people worse off than yourself ensure that you avoid risky change wish hard that you can change recognize who or what contributes to this feeling
recognize who or what contributes to this feeling
When Candace scores an "A" on all her final exams, she proudly tells everyone she knows. Her roommate, however, thinks Candace is egotistical and not very feminine for acting this way. Their differing views illustrate the __________. belief in cultural universalism importance of ethnicity in self-image role of culture in self-concept belief that biology is destiny
role of culture in self-concept
Sophia has decided to work on becoming more outgoing before she begins college in a few months. She knows she will be meeting a lot of new people and wants to create a good first impression. Although this seems like an overwhelming task, Sophia might begin by __________. associating with the same people she always has trying out a few small techniques with her local friends accepting her shortcomings as part of who she really is trying to get a summer job which involves working independently
trying out a few small techniques with her local friends
Cho posted a Snapchat story about her sister's bachelorette party. What form of communication is Cho using? A. mass media B. public C. small group D. social media
D. social media
Speakers must avoid presenting flawed arguments because it damages their __________. credibility generalization delivery style emotional appeal
credibility
Emma posts a picture on Facebook during a night out with her friends. On Monday, Emma is embarrassed to learn that her boss saw the photo and quickly deletes it from her account. Emma is forgetting about which communication concept? A. Meaning is in people. B. Communication is irreversible. C. Communication is a cure-all. D. Everyone has a natural ability to communicate.
B. Communication is irreversible.
If you only watch news programs that strictly agree with your political views, you are engaging in selective __________. A. service B. exposure C. retention D. attention
B. exposure
Jessica and Travis are close friends who talk with each other just about every day. Which type of communication best represents this daily interaction? A. mass communication B. interpersonal communication C. public communication D. intrapersonal communication
B. interpersonal communication
As we try to move toward being active perceivers and we take the time to gather more information and recheck the accuracy of our perceptions, we need to seek as much information as possible, deepen our understandings, ask questions, and __________. A. avoid certainty B. not make attribution errors C. avoid uncertainty D. make logical guesses
B. not make attribution errors
Marissa enjoyed the opening part of the speaker's presentation so much that she used it word-for-word in her speech the next day, without giving any credit to the original speaker. Marissa's actions are considered __________. A. slander B. plagiarism C. ethos D. libel
B. plagiarism
When we rely solely on our past experiences to interpret information about someone we have just met, and ignore facts and specific details, this is a form of __________. A. gender profiling B. stereotyping C. discrimination D. attribution error
B. stereotyping
Which form of communication occurs when professionals communicate with or to a large number of people via radio, television, printed materials, or movies? A. public communication B. public speaking C. mass communication D. intrapersonal communication
C. mass communication
Cain meets someone at a party and reacts positively based on his hair and eye color. Cain's attraction is accounted for by the factor of __________. A. cultural background B. gender profiling C. physical characteristics D. psychological state
C. physical characteristics
If popular films and television programs focus on strength and stoicism as masculine traits and sensitivity and empathy as feminine traits, this emphasizes the concept of __________. A. androgyny B. media spin C. psychological state D. gender as a social construct
D. gender as a social construct
If you are late to class, you justify it to yourself as just a result of the alarm not going off on time, but if a classmate is late, you roll your eyes and think mean thoughts about what a disrespectful and lazy person she is. This is an example of __________. A. negative psychological state B. cultural identity C. the Pygmalion effect D. fundamental attribution error
D. fundamental attribution error
What allowed the legal publication of Michael Wolff's Fire and Fury questioning President Trump's ability to lead the country? Technopoly First Amendment lawsuit won by Macmillan Publishers Second Amendment
First Amendment
According to the text, what conclusion can be drawn about gender differences in leadership style? Further research must be done before a definitive conclusion can be drawn. A difference in leadership style might exist because, as evidence suggests, men generally possess better interpersonal skills than women. Studies have shown leadership styles of the twenty-first century show no differences between male and female leaders. Women who have emerged as successful leaders had a mentor; leadership style was not a factor.
Further research must be done before a definitive conclusion can be drawn.
Lena manipulated her data, so the results would prove the group's hypothesis. What guideline for principled group behavior did Lena ignore? All group members should have the right to state an opinion or a unique perspective. Confidential information shared in the group should remain confidential. Group members should be willing to share all legitimate information that might benefit the group in reaching its goal. Group members must use information ethically.
Group members must use information ethically.
According to the text, what is Neil Postman's view on technology? He promotes the use of technology as a bridge to sociability. He believes that technology has not had an effect on individuals as social beings. He is concerned that it will take over the world and remove too many face-to-face interactions that make us social beings. He is relieved to see technology enhancing the social growth of all age groups.
He is concerned that it will take over the world and remove too many face-to-face interactions that make us social beings.
Which typeface is better to use for a computer-generated slide presentation? Comic Sans Boldini Script Helvetica
Helvetica
Which of the following best describes why ethnocentrism presents a communication obstacle? It alters our perceptions. It leads to anxiety. It prevents communication. It harms others.
It alters our perceptions.
Why is it important to recognize the uniqueness of our own frame of reference? It helps us remember that we all operate according to different perceptual systems. It is the best way to judge others' perspectives as inferior or superior to our own. It is a frame that we cannot change. It emphasizes that facts are parallel to inferences.
It helps us remember that we all operate according to different perceptual systems.
Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the size of a group? Small groups provide a greater opportunity for aggressive members to assert their dominance. Large groups reduce the time and amount of individual interaction. Large groups increase the time and amount of individual interaction. Small groups make it more difficult to follow a set agenda.
Large groups reduce the time and amount of individual interaction.
__________ is defined as an influence process that includes any behavior that helps clarify a group's purpose or guides the group to achieve its goals. Groupthink Leadership Power Consensus
Leadership
Which of the following discusses a proven difference between the way men and women communicate in groups? Men tend to demonstrate more task-related behavior than women. Men are less likely to have greater objectivity in their comments than are women. Men tend to be less goal-oriented than women. Men tend to offer more positive responses to others' comments.
Men tend to demonstrate more task-related behavior than women.
Which of the following is a persuasive speech with the goal of deterrence? Nicole told her audience if they want to live long, then don't start smoking. Jeremy suggested that his listeners might enjoy spending time at the local animal sanctuary. Lillian praised all of the volunteers in the audience for their continuing service in the community. Carlos reminded his listeners that regular checkups are essential for good health.
Nicole told her audience if they want to live long, then don't start smoking.
When Heather eats lunch with her friends at work, she slumps back in her chair, talks loudly, and laughs often. Most days, she even slips off her shoes while they eat. During lunch with her boss and an important client, Heather speaks quietly and looks serious. She generally maintains an upright posture. Which principle of nonverbal communication best explains Heather's change in behavior? Nonverbal communication is a primary means of expression. Nonverbal communication is more believable than verbal. Nonverbal communication depends on context. Nonverbal communication is ambiguous.
Nonverbal communication depends on context.
__________ skills are those that give you the ability to convey information clearly and unambiguously. Referential Comforting Persuasive Conversational
Referential
Which of the following is the best example of nonverbal communication? Shaunte reads the letter of acceptance from a selective university. Reggie slouches in his chair when he doesn't receive the award. Clara happily tells her daughter that she looks pretty today. Jordan recites the Pledge of Allegiance during his speech.
Reggie slouches in his chair when he doesn't receive the award.
__________ refers to the use of nonverbal cues to control the flow of communication. Repeating Regulating Substituting Deceiving
Regulating
Under functional theory, what is the expected action undertaken by the group if a decision is found to be flawed? Ignore and/or minimize any flaws. Change the makeup of the group in order to generate new ideas. Stick to the decision made by the group. Review the process and the decision.
Review the process and the decision.
When William Germano says, "A tool is not a friend and is often a rival," to what is he referring? Technology should not replace the speaker or the message. You can overcome any difficulties with proper planning. Visual presentational aids can greatly enhance a speech if properly used. Murphy's law tells us to expect that the worst will happen.
Technology should not replace the speaker or the message.
Emily's speech claims, "Today, high school students are drinking more. While marijuana and drug use are declining, alcohol consumption among high school students is increasing." She is sincere but does not include citations. What's the most obvious issue with her statements? They are prejudicial. They include two main topics. They lack relevancy. They lack proof.
They lack proof.
Regina plans to speak about electronic communication etiquette. She begins to consider what her audience members already know about the topic and what else they might be interested in learning. Which tip on choosing a topic is Regina following? Think like a listener. Choose a meaningful topic. Choose a familiar topic. Choose a relevant topic.
Think like a listener.
Which of these speakers is giving a persuasive speech? The salesperson described all the features of the car to Cassandra before he asked her if she was interested in buying the car. The college professor explained the life cycle of the sea turtle to the class. The salesperson told Donatella that they were out of the shoes in her size. Marta went to the computer store to take a class on the new software her company installed.
The salesperson described all the features of the car to Cassandra before he asked her if she was interested in buying the car.
How do listening scholars recommend dealing with the modern preponderance of technology in regard to listening? We must rely less on listening and more on writing. We must focus on embracing more technology to improve listening efficiency. We must learn to reduce the increased distractions technology creates. We must learn to focus more on internal messaging.
We must learn to reduce the increased distractions technology creates.
Which statement is accurate regarding the importance of nonverbal communication? Verbal messages carry more meaning than nonverbal messages. Verbal communication is usually more accurate than nonverbal communication. Researchers agree it is easy for most people to conceal their true feelings. We spend more time communicating nonverbally than verbally.
We spend more time communicating nonverbally than verbally.
Which of the following must be included in a persuasive speech? a motivated sequence a clear goal for the audience an emotional appeal a warrant
a clear goal for the audience
The Ugandan practice of brides entering "fattening huts" in order to help them gain weight is an example of __________. culture shock Western cultural values cultural communication universal cultural values
cultural communication
Roger lives in the United States. When Roger sees his neighbor flying the Lebanese flag on Flag Day, he gets angry and upset. He calls City Hall to demand that his neighbor be forced to take his flag down. In this situation, what communication obstacle is Roger experiencing? anxiety ethnocentrism discrimination power distance
ethnocentrism
Aiden, a statistics major, looked at the charts and graphs to check their accuracy and whether they helped support the group's proposal. He is functioning in a(n) __________ role. coordinator initiator energizer evaluator/critic
evaluator/critic
A speech entitled "How the Steam Engine Works" is a speech designed to __________. entertain instruct inform convince
inform
A clear disadvantage of vastly increased opportunities for connecting with others on multiple platforms is __________. information sharing media convergence information overload interconnectivity
information overload
As a newly eligible voter, Shaquina is confused by the constant emails, tweets, news articles, and press conferences featuring the candidates. She feels unable to make a good voting decision because of the huge number of contradictory messages. Shaquina is experiencing __________. media multitasking information overload interactivity media convergence
information overload
Renata and Val do everything together and when they are not together, their friends ask where the other one is. Which stage of Knapp and Vangelisti's model does this demonstrate? intensifying experimenting initiating integrating
integrating
Conflict can be considered destructive when __________. it points out problems that need to be solved it produces acceptable solutions its resolution ends with a winner and a loser it brings people together to clarify their goals
its resolution ends with a winner and a loser
Which of the following is an example of an artifact? education level gait silence jewelry
jewelry
Although Nico was polite, personable, and engaging in his job interview, he really wasn't qualified for this specific position. In this case, he was not offered a job because of __________. lack of competence lack of interest inability to communicate too many applicants
lack of competence
A preliminary outline is used to help the speaker __________. compile final source citations expand upon subpoints order main ideas practice their delivery
order main ideas
Which of the following communication behaviors is unlikely to increase your intercultural competence? overaccommodation overcoming bias intercultural sensitivity convergence
overaccommodation
A thank-you note should be sent to an interviewer __________. if you believe you will receive a job offer after the final job interview promptly after every interview if you do not believe you will receive a job offer
promptly after every interview
Which interpersonal skill gives a person the ability to help someone who has violated a social custom to fix the mistake effectively? referential persuasion regulations conversational
regulations
Maintenance needs are related to organizing a group so members realize __________. personal growth satisfaction from working together completion of the task acknowledgment of their contributions
satisfaction from working together
Alda's boss at the car dealership decided to form a committee to examine the reasons for a loss of sales. This committee is a type of __________. secondary group primary group social team social media group
secondary group
Which sequence describes the complete process of listening for enjoyment? attend, understand, evaluate, and remember select, attend, understand, evaluate, and remember select, attend, evaluate, and remember select, attend, understand, and evaluate
select, attend, understand, evaluate, and remember
When you are submitting a résumé for a specific position, references should __________ be included and should appear __________. sometimes; on the résumé sometimes; on a separate page seldom; on the cover letter always; on a separate page
sometimes; on a separate page
The phrase that defines precisely what you intend to accomplish in your speech is called the __________. audience analysis general purpose specific purpose thesis
specific purpose
Suddenly, April's next-door neighbors seem to be ignoring her friendly waves. They avoid making eye contact when they are outside at the same time and seem to keep to themselves. April decides to not take it personally and realizes they might be dealing with a family crisis or just preoccupied. April is demonstrating __________. self-monitoring ambiguous communication descriptive feedback the functional approach
the functional approach
Which of the following should you consider when evaluating the organization of a speech? the lighting the introduction the vocal delivery the amount of eye contact
the introduction
In the YouTube example that discussed how donations to a blind man increased when the lettering on his sign was changed to read "It's a beautiful day and I can't see it," __________ was demonstrated. differences between written and spoken language the power of inclusion neutrality of language the power of words
the power of words
What is your best print resource for finding the latest opinions and trends on a political, social, or economic issue? encyclopedias almanacs newspapers textbooks
newspapers
The ability to communicate is considered to be __________. A. learned B. inborn C. natural D. easy
A. learned
A difference between two people's perceptions means that communication __________. A. may require more understanding and tolerance B. is seldom possible C. is likely to take longer D. translates to experiencing different realities
A. may require more understanding and tolerance
Shawn and Dhruv watched the speaker's presentation on the meaning of patriotism. Shawn was disgusted by what he heard, while Dhruv was pleased. This demonstrates the communication concept that __________. A. meanings are in people B. quantity means quality C. communication is reversible D. communication is a natural ability
A. meanings are in people
A feature of social media is that it allows us to __________. A. more easily connect and communicate with others B. eliminate other forms of communication from our lives C. disengage from information and events as they are happening D. decrease focus on improving our communication style
A. more easily connect and communicate with others
Drew was thinking about the fight with his girlfriend and didn't hear a word of today's history lecture. In this case, Drew's understanding of the message was impacted by __________. A. noise B. channels C. environment D. context
A. noise
Which option shows the three stages of the perception process in the correct order? A. selection, organization, interpretation B. interpretation, categorization, retention C. organization, selection, interpretation D. selection, perception, interpretation
A. selection, organization, interpretation
During __________ communication, five to seven people have a common purpose and are sharing information. A. small group B. intrapersonal C. mass D. dyadic
A. small group
How we see and evaluate ourselves as college students is part of our __________. A. social identity B. hidden identity C. cultural misperception D. value system
A. social identity
The group decided to elect someone else as president because they felt Garrett didn't want to hear unpopular views and wouldn't listen to anyone who disagreed with him. What guideline for ethical behavior is Garrett failing to use? Group members should be willing to share all legitimate information that might benefit the group in reaching its goal. Group members must use information ethically. All group members should have the right to state an opinion or a unique perspective. Confidential information shared in the group should remain confidential.
All group members should have the right to state an opinion or a unique perspective.
Nancy does not find the candidate credible because of his poor grammar and apologetic tone. She quickly decides to vote for his opponent in the primary. Nancy's perception is based upon __________. A. expectations B. verbal communication C. new situations D. others' opinions
B. verbal communication
Which scenario best describes an act of discrimination? Constance will be spending next semester in Ecuador, and she is uneasy about living with strangers. In order to succeed as a parent, Jillian is always comparing herself to the mothers in her neighborhood who seem above average. Bradford invites only the prettiest girls in the class to his party as he is trying to impress his friends. Marcus feels that he is better than the average person in almost everything he does.
Bradford invites only the prettiest girls in the class to his party as he is trying to impress his friends.
Elizabeth told Josiah to meet her at the train station in 15 minutes. In this communication, Elizabeth is considered the __________ of the message. A. channel B. context C. receiver D. source
D. source
Beth had a sore throat but decided to give her presentation on the new corporate policies anyway. Because she was ill, she appeared indifferent to the changes and her presentation was confusing. This is an example of how independent factors can affect the whole, or how communication acts as a __________. A. connector B. transaction C. network D. system
D. system
When Noah is at his friend's house watching the game, he slouches back and takes off his shoes in order to get comfortable. When Noah goes to his job interview the next day, he sits upright in the chair and keeps his shoes on even though the interviewer invites him to "get comfortable." Which characteristic of nonverbal communication is best demonstrated by Noah's behavior? Nonverbal communication depends on context. Nonverbal communication is more believable than verbal communication. Nonverbal communication is a primary means of expression. Nonverbal communication occurs constantly.
Nonverbal communication depends on context.
When Alice entered the hospital room, her parents smiled at her but seemed subdued and quiet. When her dad spoke in a low tone, she began to realize that the news was not good. Alice's ability to interpret her parents' demeanor demonstrates which quality of nonverbal communication? Nonverbal cues are subtle. Nonverbal communication is unclear. Nonverbal cues are interdependent. Nonverbal cues have multiple meanings.
Nonverbal cues are interdependent.
Surrounding yourself with __________ whenever you can is a good strategy for improving self-concept. family members positive people critical people educated people
positive people
What is likely the most common intercultural communication obstacle experienced by anyone who has traveled to a foreign country and felt uneasy when interacting with others? anxiety discrimination ethnocentrism overconfidence
anxiety
Which of the following demonstrates the use of semantics? When Stephanie thinks of a fireplace, she feels warm and cozy. Howard always remembers the rule of "i before e, except after c." Virginia is never sure if she should use too, to, or two. Natalia did not understand her uncle when he said the chance of the eclipse happening again in his lifetime was "once in a blue moon."
When Stephanie thinks of a fireplace, she feels warm and cozy.
According to research, which statement is true regarding biological differences in brain development? Women tend to exhibit greater development of the right hemisphere of the brain. Men tend to exhibit greater development of the hemisphere related to visual and spatial tasks. Men do not typically use both hemispheres of the brain. Men and women use both hemispheres of the brain equally.
Women tend to exhibit greater development of the right hemisphere of the brain.
Geoff knew that when he went in to interview for his first job, he would have to speak to the interview panel very differently than when he talked with his friends. Which aspect of effective language use is Geoff concerned with? immediacy metaphor vividness appropriateness
appropriateness
Most of the cultures we are a part of have little to do with __________. attitudes, beliefs, and values social identity ingroups boundaries or nationalities
boundaries or nationalities
Chase organized his speech on advanced hospice care using a full-sentence outline. What feature(s) are found in this outline format? a logical hierarchy and sequence of ideas a condensed combination of notations, full sentences, key words, and phrases the full and complete text of the speech a bibliography of references used in a speech
a bibliography of references used in a speech
The text emphasizes that changing our self-concept requires __________. the motivation of others the passage of time a commitment to change minimal effort
a commitment to change
It may help us to recognize and control our speech anxiety when we realize that it is __________. a losing battle an inevitable result of public speaking an innate behavior a learned behavior
a learned behavior
What skill is most essential for building interpersonal communication competence in our daily lives? ability to persuade ability to reduce uncertainty ability to summarize ability to adapt
ability to adapt
Which type of culture tends to expect more aggressiveness from men and more passivity from women? high context cultures high uncertainty avoidance cultures achievement cultures nurturing cultures
achievement cultures
Which fallacy in argument development is also referred to as name-calling? post hoc red herring ad hominem either-or
ad hominem
Just before Rosa began her speech on global warming, she placed a beautiful vase of flowers on the podium to give her confidence. Rosa used several slides during her presentation but did not refer to the flowers. In this speaking situation, Rosa forgot to consider that __________. she needed to include an audio presentational aid all presentational aids must enhance or improve the presentation she had too many presentational aids for a brief speech all presentational aids must be visible to the entire audience
all presentational aids must enhance or improve the presentation
The premise of the Harfield Cognitive Listening Model is that listening is __________. an innate sensory process an active cognitive process a passive physiological process a simple linear process
an active cognitive process
Communication apprehension is understood to be __________. the least severe form of speech anxiety a style of communicating marked by limited interaction or single-syllable responses a syndrome associated with the act of public speaking an anxiety syndrome associated with real or anticipated communication
an anxiety syndrome associated with real or anticipated communication
While sitting in a meeting, Travis refused to acknowledge his coworker's suggestions because he was wearing what Travis considered an inappropriate outfit of jeans and a worn-out T-shirt. Travis's understanding and evaluation of his coworker's words were affected by __________. an internal filter lack of eye contact poor listening etiquette inability to discriminate
an internal filter
Critical thinking focuses on the ability to __________. ignore distractions and noise understand a message acknowledge and respond to bias analyze and assess information
analyze and assess information
When you want to create a calm but readable effect, the best background color to use in a slide presentation is __________. red yellow blue white
blue
In public speaking, outlining is the process of __________. brainstorming to generate as many ideas as possible for constructing a speech topic arranging supporting references in standard APA or MLA format in order to substantiate your research creating a manuscript of your speech that can also be read and published arranging materials in a logical sequence and writing the sequence in a standardized form
arranging materials in a logical sequence and writing the sequence in a standardized form
Most online interaction is an example of __________ communication because it is not done face-to-face. formal synchronous asynchronous primary
asynchronous
Ross prefers dating quiet women who enjoy independent films and discussing literary novels. Ross's preferences in this matter reflect a(n) __________. belief value standard attitude
attitude
Collecting and interpreting data about the characteristics, attitudes, values, and beliefs of an audience is referred to as __________. audience psychographics media review demographic analysis audience analysis
audience analysis
Jackie skips the final and receives an incomplete in her physics course because she feels the course material is too difficult to learn. Which of the following barriers is hindering Jackie's education? faking attention concentrating on details, not on main ideas avoiding difficult listening situations bias and prejudice
avoiding difficult listening situations
Listening scholars believe that we can learn to reduce mediated, internal, and external distractions to listening through the use of cognitive, affective, and __________ strategies. nonverbal social behavioral psychological
behavioral
Examination of the audience members' __________ would not be included in a demographic analysis. gender occupation beliefs marital status
beliefs
Competent communicators work to connect with those different than themselves in order to __________. feel superior adopt new cultural values better understand their culture distinguish inferior cultures
better understand their culture
When we treat members of our ingroup better than members of outgroups, we are exhibiting __________. anxiety bias stereotyping ethnocentrism
bias
Social information processing theory examines the nature of online interactions and how they __________. can become exaggerated are carried out by more than one form of social media are characterized by weak ties can lead to real-life relationships
can lead to real-life relationships
Kwan felt less guilty after telling his parents he had sold the car they bought him for graduation because he needed money to pay his rent. Kwan's confession demonstrates the concept of __________. catharsis autonomy empathy reframing
catharsis
Roman's speech is based on the idea that fuel emissions in the past forty years have played a large role in changing the landscape along interstate highways. Which organizational pattern would be best suited for this topic? cause-effect problem-solution topical-spatial motivated sequence
cause-effect
An essential consideration for speakers in selecting a topic is __________. developing a subject the audience already knows about choosing one matching their own interests and qualifications exploring one that is completely unique determining a subject area with the greatest amount of available research
choosing one matching their own interests and qualifications
The __________ pattern of ordering main points is the ordering of main points according to time. spatial topical chronological motivated sequence
chronological
Nate and Drew rarely speak to each other and when they do, it's superficial. Around their group of friends, however, they both seem fine, only to return to strained behavior when alone again. This describes which phase of a breakup? stagnating circumscribing avoiding differentiating
circumscribing
In Toulmin's model of persuasion, the __________ is what the persuader wants to be accepted. data warrant claim prospect
claim
A line graph is especially helpful for __________. providing visual detail and interest illustrating a hierarchy clarifying comparative data over time explaining physical surroundings
clarifying comparative data over time
If you are flexible in interpreting complicated events and situations and are able to integrate new information into your perceptions, you likely have a high level of __________. cognitive complexity closure singlemindedness extroversion
cognitive complexity
Which of the following is an example of a captive participant? moviegoers watching the latest release at a theater church members attending a volunteer event shoppers stopping to listen to holiday singers at the mall college students listening to a required class lecture
college students listening to a required class lecture
An individual who demonstrates __________ skills has the ability to make others feel better when they are depressed, sad, or upset. comforting persuasive ego supportive narrative
comforting
At the group's last meeting before holding their car wash, members agreed that in order to meet their fundraising goals, they must work both weekend days to raise enough for the senior class party. Which characteristic of a small group are its members concerned with? loyalty commitment interdependence cohesiveness
commitment
Speakers who state opinions as if they are facts or include irrelevant information to divert attention from the real issue are __________. committing fallacies of reason demonstrating causal reasoning committing fallacies of evidence demonstrating an emotional appeal
committing fallacies of evidence
Building on Dewey's work, Gouran and Hirokawa's functional theory describes how __________ can help or hinder group problem solving and decision making. time constraints communication resources conflict
communication
As a job applicant, when you send a cover letter via email, it is recommended you also __________. adopt an informal tone send it to every manager in the company include a copy of your résumé make it as detailed and lengthy as possible
company include a copy of your résumé
As a beginning persuasive speaker, you should be able to __________. compel others to listen and consider your view immediately change your listeners' attitudes change your listeners' behavior compel others to listen and change their attitudes or behaviors
compel others to listen and consider your view
Which aspect of your credibility as a speaker is determined by the amount of knowledge, degree of involvement, and extent of experience you display? character competence charisma context
competence
As listeners we use interpretation, evaluation, and understanding in order to __________. encode messages comprehend sensory stimuli assign the sender's meaning hear sensory input
comprehend sensory stimuli
Which skill is most typical of a competent listener? interrupts with questions concentrates on what is being said relies on technology to communicate avoids difficult listening situations
concentrates on what is being said
Which of the four general informative speech topics is considered the most abstract, taking extra time and effort to develop? events concepts objects processes
concepts
What is possible through social media that is difficult with traditional media? informing others in a one-way transaction communicating in real time connecting directly with those outside of our face-to-face social and work circles sharing information with a large number of people that we don't know
connecting directly with those outside of our face-to-face social and work circles
Verbal communication is more __________, but nonverbal communication is usually more __________. representative; controlled unintentional; intentional conscious; believable emotional; logical
conscious; believable
At the end of a series of meetings, the group thoroughly discussed the proposal on the table and examined a few details quite closely. After deliberation and finding areas of agreement, the group accepted a modified proposal. This group has likely experienced __________. unethical decision-making consensus groupthink counterproductive contributions
consensus
In addition to the six basic facial expressions revealing anger, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise, and disgust, some research has also identified another basic expression of __________. contempt joy disinterest embarrassment
contempt
Alain was speaking about upholding traditional acts of patriotism. He urged the audience to respect the national anthem by standing at attention whenever they heard it played. Alain's speech is one of __________. deterrence discontinuance adoption continuance
continuance
According to the outlining principle of __________, ideas with the same level of importance use the same kind of numbers to visually indicate the relationships between ideas. coordination parallelism subordination repetition
coordination
If the word "professor" immediately brings to mind the image of a middle-aged, bearded man in a tweed jacket, this reflects which power of language? making connections creating bias expressing emotions sharing meaning
creating bias
When Jeff interviewed for his first job as a software developer, he was surprised by a question asking what three items he would take with him to the moon. The interviewer seemed pleased with Jeff's quirky and fast response. In this situation, the interviewer is likely trying to assess __________. technical skill organizational ability creativity ambition
creativity
Jamar had a difficult time taking effective notes in his statistics course because of the squeaky quality of the professor's voice and the way she constantly blinked. Which barrier to effective listening hindered Jamar's ability to listen effectively? preferred thinking criticizing the speaker instead of the message faking attention concentrating on the details, not the main ideas
criticizing the speaker instead of the message
From his research, James knows more than half of his audience believes that shaking hands is a sign of aggression. Which aspect of his demographic analysis did James most likely use to determine this? group membership occupation cultural background age
cultural background
What is the term for the psychological discomfort experienced when our cultural perspective is severely contradicted or disrupted? cultural continuum culture shock culture dissonance cultural diversity
culture shock
Jessica often anonymously posts mean comments on Twitter about the fashion choices of a few of her friends. Jessica believes she is being insightful and witty, but she is actually participating in __________. cyberbullying inappropriate self-disclosure cyberstalking excessive Internet use
cyberbullying
According to research findings, which nonverbal behavior occurs in about 20 percent of all social interactions? substituting deceiving repeating regulating
deceiving
A primary objective of the speech body is to __________. gain the attention of the audience develop the speaker's general and specific purposes summarize and synthesize link one segment of the speech to another
develop the speaker's general and specific purposes
Communication scholars Knapp and Vangelisti identified a variety of stages relationships go through as they come apart. Which stage represents when partner differences become the center of attention? avoiding stagnating circumscribing differentiating
differentiating
The text suggests that one way to control your social media use appropriately is to __________. tell your friends not to contact you on social media disable your smartphone's ability to "push" notifications get rid of your mobile devices limit yourself to one hour of use per day
disable your smartphone's ability to "push" notifications
Jackson's speech is designed to convince his audience to stop eating sugary foods. What is the goal of his speech? continuance adoption discontinuance deterrence
discontinuance
The physiological process of hearing includes which component? storing sensory information discriminating among sounds evaluating sound interpreting information
discriminating among sounds
An individual with a positive online communication attitude is more likely to __________. have low interpersonal communication competence share detailed information in face-to-face interactions embrace opportunities to connect through social media display online communication apprehension
embrace opportunities to connect through social media
Talia was crying when she found out her grade on the test. Abby told Talia she understood exactly how she felt because she had just failed a chemistry test. Abby is demonstrating __________. empathy appreciation sympathy actualization
empathy
During Brylee's search for a good speech topic, she decides to view several TED talks in order to spark her own idea. What technique for finding a topic is Brylee using? engaging with social media brainstorming reviewing current media self-inventory
engaging with social media
The selectivity involved in social media may make it easier for individuals to __________. maintain their integrity enhance their self-esteem create first impressions ignore self-fulfilling prophecies
enhance their self-esteem
According to communication scholar Joe Walther, the two features which provide a justification for social information processing theory are verbal cues and __________. reach nonverbal cues extended time replicability
extended time
Which is the most important physical aspect of speech delivery? eye contact personal appearance meaningful gestures facial expressions
eye contact
As he is about to speak, Nate smiles and makes eye contact with his audience. He consciously tries to appear sincere and friendly. What aspect of nonverbal communication is Nate considering during his speech delivery? personal appearance facial expression body movement intelligibility
facial expression
Carrie couldn't concentrate on what her boss was saying during the meeting because there was so much noise in the hallway. Instead of getting up to close the door, she sat there feeling frustrated. Which barrier to effective listening is Carrie displaying? bias and prejudice failing to adjust to distractions faking attention preferred thinking
failing to adjust to distractions
Clark asks Jenna to meet him for drinks with his boss. When she doesn't show up because of a last-minute work issue, Clark gets angry and insists Jenna doesn't think his job is as important as hers. This conflict has been caused by __________. stereotyping incompatible goals ineffective communication faulty attribution
faulty attribution
Work teams differ from other groups in that their members tend to be especially __________. similar in ability congenial interdependent prone to grouphate
interdependent
In Ty's speech about the immigration experience in the United States, he said that in the past, the immigration pattern was called a "melting pot" because new cultures blended with the dominant culture. The recent immigration experience is a "tossed salad," where newcomers keep their own cultural practices and do not try to blend in. Ty's comparison represents a __________. hypothetical illustration logical definition figurative analogy literal analogy
figurative analogy
A common negative consequence of online group interactions when hostility escalates and more participants are drawn into the conflict is called __________. cyberstalking flame wars information overload sexting
flame wars
Self-disclosure tends to __________. follow similar patterns regardless of culture occur when we first meet someone happen more quickly in males than in females vary depending on cultural background
follow similar patterns regardless of culture
Which type of listening is associated with judging or analyzing information? for evaluation with empathy for enjoyment for information
for evaluation
Rather than get involved in an argument with her sister about the sweater, Nancy decided to change the subject. Which strategy for conflict management is Nancy using? collaborating forcing withdrawing negotiating
forcing withdrawing
In high uncertainty avoidance cultures, people value __________ when communicating. formal rules and correct answers diversity and choice dissent and varying opinion tyranny and conformity
formal rules and correct answers
When humor is used in an introduction, its purpose is to __________. provide a preview gain audience attention establish topic relevance increase speaker credibility
gain audience attention
Police officer and mail carrier are examples of __________ language. masculine sexist pendulum effect gender-inclusive
gender-inclusive
Social identity theory recognizes our __________ as important aspects of our self-concept. communication competence group memberships physical attributes educational level
group memberships
Lavonna is responsible for providing facts and examples to support the group's proposal. Which type of role does this demonstrate? group maintenance self-centered group task group building
group task
Liz feels her department made a mistake when recommending the new product to the sales team. Rather than upset everyone in the office, she decides not to say anything in order to maintain harmony at work. This demonstrates the disadvantage of __________. groupthink social loafing self-actualization ineffectuality
groupthink
During their weekly meeting, Gracie told her staff they could skip the mandatory seminar on sexual harassment because she didn't know of any issues in their department. What critical thinking fallacy is occurring here? hasty generalization post hoc red herring questionable cause
hasty generalization
According to research cited by the Collegiate Employment Institute Newsletter, recruiters say a well-rounded individual desired by employers is described as __________. the highest-ranked member of their class the individual with the greatest desire to achieve having a good work ethic, good decision-making skills, and superior work habits mature and having the most related work experience
having a good work ethic, good decision-making skills, and superior work habits
Mallory's speech to the group of senior citizens discussed the many options for financing a college degree. The majority of her audience stopped listening after just a few minutes. What did Mallory fail to consider when she prepared this speech? transitions and signposts her supporting materials the environment of the room her audience
her audience
Which of the following would evaluators find appropriate for a speaker wishing to convey a persuasive attitude? high energy vivid limited vocal variety emphasis on informing
high energy
Rob is good at altering his behavior to fit different contexts and situations. Which of the following would best describe the ability that Rob has? high self-monitoring moderate communication competence effective use of the functional approach mastery of deceptive feedback
high self-monitoring
Dev is developing his résumé for an upcoming career fair. He wants to be sure to include everything a potential employer needs to know about him. Which of the following information is not relevant? his marriage status career objective contact information educational background
his marriage status
The most effective communication strategy regarding the use of gender labels is to __________. avoid any gender-related terms honor individual preferences include both masculine and feminine pronouns rely on masculine pronouns
honor individual preferences
Our social identity is an essential part of __________. the information about ourselves we try to ignore the self-fulfilling prophecies we attempt to overcome how we communicate and how others communicate with us the information about ourselves we try to keep hidden
how we communicate and how others communicate with us
Which of the following word groups moves from the most abstract to the most concrete? human, Shelly, woman, friend woman, friend, human, Shelly Shelly, friend, woman, human human, woman, friend, Shelly
human, woman, friend, Shelly
Which term suggests that digital interactions provide a greater ability to strategically develop and edit one's presentation of self? media richness hyperpersonal communication latent ties media multiplicity
hyperpersonal communication
Donna cautioned the board members against outsourcing garbage removal. She said, "What if the outside company turns out to be unreliable, and this leads to garbage piled up in the streets with a dramatic increase in disease-carrying pests?" Which type of illustration is Donna using? hypothetical case history factual anecdote
hypothetical
It is Angelika's first day on the job. She decides to wear her most conservative outfit, knots her long hair into a bun, and takes out the small piercing she usually wears on her upper lip. Angelika's actions can be described as __________. self-fulfilling prophecy impression management facework self-enhancement
impression management
In a more formal or demanding speaking situation, most speakers prefer to avoid the __________ delivery style. manuscript extemporaneous impromptu memorized
impromptu
The __________ delivery style involves a speaker who delivers a speech with little or no planning. extemporaneous memorized manuscript impromptu
impromptu
Interpersonal communication occurs __________. predominantly in the workplace and in professional interactions in a variety of contexts and situations and may be characterized in different ways in formal, public settings with three or more people in casual settings between two or more people
in a variety of contexts and situations and may be characterized in different ways
According to communication scholars, a downside of social media use is __________. increased lack of privacy ability to express viewpoints intercultural communication effect on language choices
increased lack of privacy
Alejandro gave a speech on how to build a retaining wall out of recycled materials. He reinforced his message and made the experience enjoyable by engaging his audience in a hands-on building project. This type of speech is known as __________. persuasive informative entertainment commemorative
informative
Joseph is the type of leader who focuses on getting the job done. He is good at organizing, setting goals, and making sure the rules are followed. Which leadership style is Joe demonstrating? initiating structure consideration relationship-oriented laissez-faire
initiating structure
The best way to improve intercultural misunderstandings is to __________. restrict interaction to people most like yourself realign your perceptions to match others' interact with a diverse group of people suppress ethnocentric feelings and beliefs
interact with a diverse group of people
Justin has been a member of a study group for the past six weeks, yet he has failed to attend the meetings or respond to emails. Which of the qualities of a group has Justin failed to fulfill? commitment interaction homework common purpose
interaction
As his group was planning a new public relations campaign for the company, Liu found himself depending on other group members. This example best demonstrates which quality of a small group? cohesiveness commitment interdependence culture
interdependence
The most essential characteristic of a small group is __________. commitment interdependence cohesiveness independence
interdependence
Rob stated, "Next, I will share with you my proposed budget and show the ways I can help the department reduce costs." Rob's statement gives advance warning of the points to be covered and is called a(n) __________. forecast internal summary internal preview introduction
internal preview
What college-level experience will be especially valuable in your future career, according to Dr. Kelli Smith, former assistant director of career services at the University of Nebraska‒Lincoln? internships volunteering public speaking course belonging to a sorority/fraternity
internships
Which type of communication involves creating and sharing meaning between persons who are in a relationship? intrapersonal psycho-personal socio-personal interpersonal
interpersonal
Communication skills and personality are considered important __________ that help make an ideal job candidate. quantifiable characteristics interpersonal characteristics tangible skills technical skills
interpersonal characteristics
A close friend asked Jada to come over and talk about a recent fight with her boyfriend. During their discussion, she sat forward in her chair, took both of Jada's hands, and whispered softly, "We broke up because I cheated on him with another guy." As described by Edward T. Hall, which zone is demonstrated here? public space intimate space personal space social space
intimate space
An effective strategy for developing a meaningful relationship is to __________. respond with judgments focus on the conflict invite more communication strive to express your own views
invite more communication
In certain situations, a leader can give up control and give members freedom to make policies and decisions, only becoming involved when asked. What type of leadership style does this describe? transactional autocratic laissez-faire democratic
laissez-faire
The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis asserts that __________. language is subjective and must be used with care when groups are muted, they do not have the status to be heard language, culture, and thought are intertwined technology redefines culture through its control of information
language, culture, and thought are intertwined
When used as presentational aids, objects must be __________. larger than life large enough to be seen by everyone novel and unique small enough to pass around the audience
large enough to be seen by everyone
The goal in practicing your speech before delivery is to __________. memorize your inflections and gestures master the exact wording reduce or increase its length learn the content
learn the content
Culture is a(n) __________ system of thought and behavior that typifies a large group of people. innate genetic learned assigned
learned
Saanvi just knows that everything is better in her native country, especially the food. But once she begins college, Saanvi discovers that she prefers other cuisines more than her own. Saanvi's initial feelings about her own culture reflect __________. learned behavior stereotyping innate behavior discrimination
learned behavior
According to Dale Brashers, many people who live with high uncertainty manage by __________. relying on the social support of others balancing the need to know with desire not to know learning which information to trust and which to ignore learning to adapt to it
learning to adapt to it
The village board felt that Everett provided substantial data to support his idea that the trees on public land should not be trimmed every year. Which mode of persuasion did Everett use? ethos pathos eros logos
logos
If you are asked to participate in a mediated interview, you should be careful to __________. have extensive notes in front of you dress casually and comfortably speak as quickly as possible look at the camera directly and maintain eye contact
look at the camera directly and maintain eye contact
Once you have the background materials read and have completed notes for your proposed topic, you should then __________. develop an introduction look for the best information available to support your views create a working outline form a final thesis
look for the best information available to support your views
James invites two overseas clients to a local racetrack on a Friday afternoon. The clients are surprised when James mentions pending contracts during the outing and tries to negotiate a better deal for his company. In this situation, miscommunication can be attributed to which type of culture clash? low-context versus high-context individualistic versus collectivistic low power distance versus high power distance monochronic versus polychronic
low-context versus high-context
As she settles in to watch The Bachelor one night, Madelyn texts her friends about the program and searches for related posts on Instagram. Madison's communication habits are an example of __________. information overload asynchronous communication media multitasking viral communication
media multitasking
Systematic desensitization is a type of __________ that helps change negative thoughts to positive ones. mental rehearsal social encounter formal course physical strategy
mental rehearsal
What are the possible negative ramifications of perceiving the world differently from people you encounter each day? avoidance of a self-fulfilling prophecy communication competency miscommunication and isolation feelings of superiority
miscommunication and isolation
Jonah has recently been laid off and is searching for a new job. Instead of waiting for an email or phone call at home, he feels free to leave the house, knowing that he can be reached easily by a potential employer. Jonah's situation demonstrates which quality of social media? replicability storage mobility reach
mobility
Monica's presentation focused on the chambers of the heart. She borrowed a representation of the heart from her science teacher to use during her talk. Which type of presentational aid is Monica using? chart real object diagram model
model
While the practice of forming an "O" with the thumb and index finger indicates "A-OK" in American culture, in Japan it means __________. worthless zero a sexual insult money
money
A college student who expects and receives a detailed syllabus from his or her professor is likely to reside in a __________ culture. monochronic feminine high-context low power distance
monochronic
Norton felt the speaker was telling the crowd to purchase stock from the start-up company only because he was a part-owner and wanted to see his dividends increase. Norton is assessing the speaker's __________. motivation empathy critical listening paralanguage
motivation
People living in a polychronic culture are more likely to __________. make and keep appointments value punctuality and deadlines multitask and change plans often treat time as a limited resource
multitask and change plans often
While Janelle and her husband were happy they figured out how to share the housework, they were also both a little unhappy because they had to do things they didn't want to do. Which approach to conflict management did they use to solve the housework problem? withdrawing forcing accommodating negotiating
negotiating
Jim used LexisNexis as a source for his research on global warming issues. What type of media does LexisNexis cover? newspapers broadcast news scientific journals Internet blogs
newspapers
Traditional mass communication is generally understood to include __________. Snapchat blogs email newspapers
newspapers
Audrey notices that her dad seems relaxed and in a good mood, so she decides to tell him about the dent in the passenger side door of her new car. What is Audrey basing her decision on? intentional communication nonverbal communication verbal communication repressed communication
nonverbal communication
What simple misstep can show disrespect during the interview process? not knowing the interviewer's name lack of motivation appearing nervous lack of specific goals
not knowing the interviewer's name
What is a method of collecting information about an audience in which the speaker watches audience members and notes their behaviors? survey interview questionnaire social media research observation
observation
As you sit in class and listen to the professor talk about ancient Greece, you are listening primarily in order to __________. obtain information provide empathy evaluate enjoy
obtain information
If you were to express emotions using your eyes, which category of nonverbal communication would you be employing? olfactics proxemics haptics oculesics
oculesics
A speaker's vocal quality can be summarized as the __________. variations used in rate, force, and pitch overall impression the voice makes on the listeners speaker's choice of words, syntax, and correct use of grammar speed at which a speaker speaks
overall impression the voice makes on the listeners
The style of outlining in which all ideas, main points, subpoints, and sub-subpoints use similar grammatical forms is called __________. parallelism coordination attribution subordination
parallelism
In a speech designed to __________, the speaker may use the conclusion to include a challenge or appeal to action. inform commemorate entertain persuade
persuade
The purpose of a persuasive speech should be to __________. challenge reveal inform persuade
persuade
There are three overlapping functions of a speech: to inform, to entertain, and to__________. persuade instruct coerce commemorate
persuade
With persuasion, speakers must remember __________. persuasion occurs over time persuasion takes place immediately informing and persuading are identical informing and persuading seldom interact
persuasion occurs over time
During orientation, Conrad speaks to incoming freshmen about the advantages of joining the Greek system on campus. Conrad's speech is considered __________. persuasive informative entertaining introductory
persuasive
Deliberately restating something you have already said in a speech is known as ________. planned repetition signposting advanced organizing focusing on the unusual
planned repetition
Persuasive speeches typically address questions of fact, value, and/or __________. discontinuance policy emotion adoption
policy
The best way to ensure effective delivery of a speech is to __________. practice until you are comfortable apologize when something goes wrong make continuous eye contact lower your voice
practice until you are comfortable
Which of the following actions is most important to effective speech delivery? gesturing memorizing listening practicing
practicing
Effective speech delivery benefits most from __________. memorizing your speech utilizing key-word notes practicing early and often relying on presentational aids
practicing early and often
Jonah began his speech on youth suicide by stating, "Look around this room. By the end of this semester, at least three people in this room will have contemplated or attempted suicide, according to statistics from The Jason Foundation, a national suicide prevention organization." What device is Jonah using as part of his introduction? referring to the occasion asking a rhetorical question incorporating quotations presenting a startling statement
presenting a startling statement
Basic needs, such as a sense of belonging and the need for affection, are the focus of __________. primary groups project teams secondary groups work teams
primary groups
The Supreme Court ruling allowing publication of the Pentagon Papers dealt with which communication issue? the spread of "fake news" libel obscenity in social media prior restraint of the press
prior restraint of the press
For her speech, Quinn told the class there was too much waste in the lunchroom, and there were three ways to fix this problem. Which organizational pattern did Quinn use? motivated sequence problem-solution cause-effect topical-spatial
problem-solution
A good cover letter projects a tone of __________. informality and modesty need and emotion professionalism and confidence surprise and creativity
professionalism and confidence
During the ending of a relationship, summary statements are used to __________. provide a rationale for termination reflect new rules of conduct avoid discussing any further conflicts describe preferences for interaction in the future
provide a rationale for termination
Crosby claimed in his presentation that attendance at home athletic events has increased because there's nothing else to do on campus, even though he didn't mention that the number of activities on campus has remained the same for ten years. This would be a(n) __________ fallacy. red herring ad hominem post hoc questionable cause
questionable cause
Gary keeps receiving text messages that he has won a free trip to a golf resort with no strings attached. As the receiver of this message, Gary is responsible for __________. facilitating the relationship investigating the message's currency formulating an immediate response questioning the message's credibility
questioning the message's credibility
Which of the following has most contributed to the phenomenon known as media convergence? information overload linear nature of mass communication emergence of the telephone in the late 1800s rapid development of new technologies
rapid development of new technologies
According to Deborah Tannen, women use conversations in order to __________. reach consensus and give confirmation negotiate and gain control relinquish responsibility and power maintain independence
reach consensus and give confirmation
When an audience member asked the speaker why he didn't have a list of people responsible for the project, he responded by talking about how much money he had raised instead of answering the question. Which fallacy of evidence does this demonstrate? red herring fact versus opinion ad hominem hasty generalization
red herring
At the end of the community chili cookoff, the organizing committee was tired but happy their fundraising goal had been nearly met. As the group leader, Steve tells everyone their work is done, and he will see them next year. In this scenario, the group has failed to __________. stay within the agreed-upon agenda get anything accomplished utilize its time efficiently reflect on their process and effectiveness
reflect on their process and effectiveness
When the professor holds up a flat hand in response to a question from the class, she is indicating that questions should wait for a few moments. Which function of nonverbal communication is represented here? repeating regulating substituting complementing
regulating
After looking at the picture in the newspaper, Brayton pointed to the photograph and told his roommate he had known the girl in high school because they were "theater kids" together. Brayton is describing his __________ to the girl in the photo. bond bias context relationship
relationship
Information __________ refers to the way the content of a speech gives the audience a reason to listen. continuance assimilation relevance processing
relevance
Alex's blog, Life with Sheldon, is about his dog's funny antics. Many of his friends have passed on the link to other friends, who have also become followers. This reflects which defining aspect of social media? viral reach mobility replicability anonymity
replicability
Face-to-face communication differs from social media in its __________, or the ability to reproduce exact verbal and nonverbal messages. interactivity mobility reachability replicability
replicability
Andre's grandmother died when he was young. He remembers baking cookies, feeding the birds, and laughing at silly shows on television with her. His older siblings are surprised that he doesn't seem to remember how strict she was and how she often punished the wrong grandchild severely for minor infractions. Which element of the perception process best explains this? selective expectations selective exposure selective retention selective attention
selective retention
The further her group progressed, the more Shawna was constantly deflating the status of others to make herself look better. Which role is Shawna filling in this situation? group task role group maintenance role self-centered role group building role
self-centered role
Dave is fond of telling his girlfriend she's the most beautiful woman in the world, especially when they are out with friends. Dave's comments could be considered a type of __________. facework other enhancement self-enhancement self-fulfilling prophecy
self-enhancement
The willingness to change behavior in order to fit a particular situation is known as __________. self-monitoring self-actualization self-esteem self-concept
self-monitoring
Tamara's teacher complimented her on her ability to understand the association of words with ideas, feelings, and contexts. Which of the following terms best describes what Tamara comprehends? idioms syntax grammar semantics
semantics
Which of the following group behaviors is considered unethical? sharing information that will help the group achieve its goal sharing confidential information outside the group giving credit to the sources of information disagreeing with another person's opinion
sharing confidential information outside the group
Adam was attracted to Phyllis because he felt she would fit well into his circle of friends. Phyllis just seemed to be someone with whom everyone would get along. Adam's feelings represent which form of interpersonal attraction? task creative social physical
social
Communication scholars Wilmot and Hocker suggest we might think of conflict in terms such as __________. aggressiveness and abuse strengthening and enriching disagreement and argument incompatible goals and scarce resources
strengthening and enriching
Carson wants to work with Mae on the project because he knows she is hardworking and will be a good partner. Which element of interpersonal attraction is this based on? task physical creative social
task
A team differs from a group in that __________. teams tend to focus on personal goals, not common goals members of groups have a high degree of group identity teams are more likely to consist of people with diverse abilities groups usually develop more interdependence
teams are more likely to consist of people with diverse abilities
When partners review their relationship and provide a rationale for its ending, they are in the __________ stage in the breaking up of a relationship. terminating avoiding differentiating stagnating
terminating
The denotative meaning of a word is __________. the standard dictionary definition the subjective meaning not understood by ordinary usage the emotive usage
the standard dictionary definition
Well before reading background information, taking notes or conducting interviews, the speaker must __________. thoroughly evaluate how other speakers have approached similar subjects decide how many presentation aids they will need think carefully about what they wish to accomplish in the speech review any online source materials available on the topic
think carefully about what they wish to accomplish in the speech
When researcher Ned Herrmann suggested the brain could be divided into four specialized quadrants, such as the rational self, he was focusing on the __________ stage of the listening process. interpreting thinking hearing sensory
thinking
What is the speaker's primary goal in a persuasive presentation? to include both verbal and nonverbal messages to change or reinforce attitudes, beliefs, or values to clarify a position to provide new information
to change or reinforce attitudes, beliefs, or values
When a speaker develops their research plan, which speech preparation step has already occurred? topic generation using self-inventory, brainstorming, and mediated communication development of the introduction and conclusion selection of an appropriate organizational strategy selection of a variety of research sources
topic generation using self-inventory, brainstorming, and mediated communication
Which theory suggests that when we meet others, our need to know about them tends to make us draw inferences from what we see, and then communicate with them to learn more? uncertainty reduction social exchange social information processing dialectical
uncertainty reduction
Which activity does not take place during critical listening? determining reasonableness of conclusions withholding all judgment evaluating the presenter assessing content accuracy
withholding all judgment
According to research, the most important part of the job interview probably occurs __________. before you walk in the door within the first 30 seconds when you are asking the interviewer questions as you exit the interview
within the first 30 seconds
According to the authors, a(n) __________ is a special form of group characterized by close-knit relationships among people with different and complementary abilities and by a strong sense of identity. problem-solving group work team employee team social group
work team
What skill becomes important to many organizations that have downsized and have fewer management positions available? data analytics working with others supervising others self-critique
working with others
A single communication, event, or situation is understood by competent communicators to be __________. A. only a portion of meaning B. misdirected meaning C. a message summary D. an unimportant detail
A. only a portion of meaning
Hernando communicates with his family, friends, and those with whom he shares common interests, beliefs, and knowledge. This group collectively is known as his __________. A. social network B. social affiliates C. intimate network D. intimate associates
A. social network
A country or culture that values the self over the group is said to have a(n) __________ orientation. collectivistic self-critical self-esteem individualistic
individualistic
What is the first step toward improving your self-concept? Associate with positive people. Decide what you want to change. Set reasonable goals. Make a commitment to improve.
Decide what you want to change.
