COMM 402 final study guide

true

(T/F) All cultures of the world have music

false

(T/F) Eye contact is more important than mutual gaze in coordinating musical performance

false

(T/F) Large leaps in melodies are typically downwards in pitch

true

(T/F) Ornette Coleman is challenging to listen to because he doesn't use traditional harmonic changes. Therefore Ornette Coleman's music is objectively complex

true

(T/F) The development of music recording and distribution technology increased the differentiation between "musicians" and the rest of us

repetition

A key feature of minimalist music is...

watching a performance is different from just hearing it

A mimetic approach to music would help us explain why...

dominant (fifth) to the tonic (first)

A perfect cadence moves from the ...

regulator

A singer tapping her hand against her leg in order to keep the other musicians in time is using a...

code

According to the book, music is best considered what form of communication?

understanding speech that occurs in noisy situations

Among other things, musicians' musical training appears to make them better at...

novelty and predictability

An enjoyable piece of music will often balance...

minimalism would probably not exist without magnetic tape

An example of a music distribution technology changing music is...

coordinate group work

Entrainment is important to human society partly because it allows us to...

verbal language is much better but music can also convey it to some extent

How do music and verbal language relate in terms of their ability to convey semantic meaning?

timbre

If a guitarist hits a pedal to add more distortion ("noise") to a particular chord she's playing, she is affecting the _____ of her instrument

multi-modal

Mithen indicates that early humans and Neanderthals probably communicated using a combination of vocalizations and body movements. This combination made their communication...

floating intentionality

Music's lack of explicit meaning can reduce the possibility for interpersonal conflict. This represents the idea of...

songs break learning units up into shorter segments with natural breaks between those segments

One reason songs can make it easier to learn is that...

intersubjective

Playing music with another person, you experience ____ time with them

lyrics are more powerful than video in influencing violent behavior

Research by Lennings and Warburton shows that...

eudaimonic

Sometimes we listen to music for a personally meaningful experience or for music's transcendent powers. What kind of motivation is driving us in this case?

cultural changes are correlated with changes in cultural products like songs

The DeWall article definitively shows that...

(all of the above) - patterns in the song that repeat, effects on brain activity, musical features like length and beats per minute

The Youtube video on how to write a hit song focused on which of the following as a way to predict a hit?

parrots

The idea that entrainment is a function of a connection between auditory and motor areas of the brain is supported by the fact that entrainment is observed in...

during a rehearsal the conductor can explain verbally a certain aspect of the performance; during performance, a particular gesture may serve as a "shorthand" for the verbal explanation. example: the conductor and orchestra essentially develop their own on-the-fly emblems for the piece

What are "on-the-fly" emblems?

self-produced material(s), desire to reject any authority figures

What are fanzines?

some groups have designated leaders example: in rock bands, the leader often fills this role

What are role relationships?

communication theorist Walter Fisher describes humans as homo narrans, suggesting that stories are fundamental to all our actions and decisions in the world

What does "homo narrans" mean?

recording industry association of america

What does RIAA stand for?

the RIAA provides guidance to record companies and artists. they determine whether to label certain music

What does the RIAA do?

a relationship audiences develop with performers and become deeply invested in their favorite performers lives. example: Beliebers (Justin Bieber fans)

What is a parasocial relationship?

a nonverbal signal that organizes how an interaction will proceed. example: drums keeping a beat

What is a regulator?

actions that operate on or change some object in the environment. example: shifting the microphone from one hand to the next

What is an adaptor?

a nonverbal way in which people express emotion. example: a guitarist playing an expressive riff, using body movement to show enjoyment of the music

What is an affect display?

a nonverbal gesture that stands in for words or indicates a very concrete verbal meaning. example: a singer pointing to the audience saying "you all sing now"

What is an emblem?

a nonverbal gesture that reflects or reinforces what is being said. example: a guitarist acting one way for one part of a song, then acting another way for a different part

What is an illustrator?

of all being involved in the same activity and hence maybe gaining a sense of shared identity

What is co-presence?

being able to understand where someone is coming from and perceive the flow of communication from their perspective - acknowledging their goals and needs

What is decentering?

fans play a role in determining the nature of genre, and they do it through communication: they engage, through discourse, in the social construction of what the music is

What is social construction?

when the composer is actively involved in group rehearsals

What is task talk?

text painting occurs when music illustrates or mimics the meaning in text. example: when the lyrics describe a fast motion (a race car) and the music also gets faster

What is text painting?

this theory suggests that young people are more likely to imitate substance use as they hear it in music. example: smoking weed to regae music

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

when we describe a singing voice, it subsequently becomes more difficult for us to recognize. also provides an illustration of how difficult it is to talk about the subtleties of music in a specific and precise way

What is verbal overshadowing?

the stimulus value of the music 𝘪𝘯𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘥 because the perceived complexity of the music 𝘥𝘦𝘤𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘦𝘥

When I first listened to the music of Yellow Swans, I found the screaming guitar distortion a bit hard to handle. I didn't like it a lot. As I listened more, I grew to enjoy it more -- I knew what to expect and was prepared for it. Wundt would say that...

a minor third

When a sad person is talking, their voice includes which musical interval more commonly than the talk of a happy person?

semantic

When people say that music doesn't "mean" anything, they are talking about what sort of meaning?

counterpoint

When two melodic or rhythmic patterns interact or interweave with one another, it's called...

episodic memory

Whenever you hear the song that played at your high school graduation, it reminds you of the event and makes you happy. You are experiencing which element of the BRECVEM model?

amplification

Which of the following has the most dramatic effects on how many people we can listen to music with?

a voice over

Which of the following is a good example of non-musical and non-diegetic sound in a movie?

low pitch

____ is particularly associated with expressing power in music