Comms Oral Exam #1

Define listening

Having close attention to, and making sense of, what we hear.

1. List and fully explain ALL aspects of the speaker's body.

Personal appearance which is important in sending a message of professionalism. Movement can cause speaker to seem nervous. Gestures which is a motion of speakers hands and arms during a speech. Eye contact is direct visual contact with eyes of another person.

1. Define ALL of the following terms: plagiarism, global plagiarism, patchwork plagiarism, incremental plagiarism, quotations, and paraphrases.

Plagiarism: presenting another person's language or ideas as one's own. Global plagiarism: stealing a speech entirely from a single source and passing it off as one's own. Patchwork plagiarism: stealing ideas or language from two or three sources and passing them off as one's own. incremental plagiarism: failing to give credit for particular parts of a speech that are borrowed from other people. Quotations: when you quote someone you need to attribute quotes to them. Paraphrases: to restate or summarize an author's ideas in one's own words.

1. Going back to the 6 point time-tested ways to turn nervousness from a negative to a positive force, list the other 7 tips for dealing with nervousness.

Acquire speaking experience, prepare, think positively, use visualization, know nervousness inst visible, don't expect perfection.

1. List ALL the guidelines for preparing visual aids (be sure to add correct information as stated in question 30 below).

Aids should be prepared well in advance, aids should be kept simple, the visual aids need to be large, the aids need to have a limited amount of text, use fonts effectively, use color effectively, use images strategically, practice with visual aids, check room for equipment.

1. List all 7 tips on how to become a better listener, then explain a time when you listened attentively and what the outcome was.

Be an active listener, resist distractions, suspend judgement, focus your listening, listen for evidence, develop note-taking skills.

1. Explain in your own words why being an ethical speaker and an ethical listener will be vital in COMS 101.

Being an ethical speaker and listener will be vital in comms 101 because people may say things that aren't right and the listener does hold some responsibility in bringing up ethics and being respectful towards others.

1. List ALL the guidelines for presenting visual aids (you will need to remove/delete "practice with visual" and "check room for equipment" and add them to the above answer for "guidelines for preparing visuals").List and explain the importance of the 5 Guidelines for informative speaking (if your text edition has a 6th one, please add it).

Check room for where to display visual aids, practice eye contact, practice explaining visual aids, plan to distribute handouts, prepare for how to use PowerPoint with the aids.

1. Define conversational quality and identify which method of delivery it is a part of.

Conversational quality is presenting a speech so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times its rehearsed and it is part of extemporaneous.

1. Define critical thinking, then explain when or in what context you will most likely need to use your critical thinking skills in COMS 101.

Critical thinking is focused, organized thinking about such things as the logical relationships among ideas, the soundness of evidence, and the difference between fact and opinion. Critical thinking will need to be used in comms 101 when doing an extemporaneous speech and not being as prepared as one should be but also when one is doing a speech and they decide mid speech to switch it up or say one portion before the other and make sure the speech still flows.

1. Define ethics and define ethical decisions.

Ethics is a branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and wring in human affairs. Ethical decisions are decisions that weight a potential course of action against a set of ethical standards.

1. Define ethnocentrism, being sure to include the positive and negative roles it plays, then explain in your own words how you personally can avoid the negative role of ethnocentrism in COMS 101.

Ethnocentrism is a belief that one culture or set of beliefs is more superior than another. Its positives is that we are able to identify with a certain group of beliefs and can foster pride and loyalty to that set of ideas. Its negative is that people sometimes lack an ability to recognize other groups and accept them which can lead to disrespect to certain groups of people. We can avoid this in coms 101 by being respectful to others but also staying aligned to our own personal values.

1. List ALL nine ways to use language vividly and give your own example for EACH one. Do not steal from the internet or copy from your text. You are creative and you need to use your creative mind and put some effort into creating your own examples.

Imagery: a house stood atop a beautiful green hilltop. Rhythm: pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of words. Parallelism: similar arrangmenet of a pair or series of related words, phrases or sentences. "Rich and poor, intelligent and ignorant." Antithesis: Juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, usually in parallel structure. "Ask not what your country can do for you but what you can do for your country." Alliteration: repetition of the initial consonant sounds of close or adjoining words. "I will use every possible opportunity to persuade, prod, and push for progress." Repetition: reiteration of the same word or set of words at the beginning or end of successive clauses or sentences. "My community is rich with spirit, rich with energy, rich with compassion."

1. Explain inclusive language and why it is important (minimum 2 sentences). Then in your own words explain how inclusive language plays a role in COMS 101 (minimum 3 sentences).

Inclusive language is language that doesn't demean and disrespect others. It is language that includes all sexual orientations, and accepts different opinions and ideas. It is important in comms 101 because our speeches are being presented to a group of diverse people and people that have different sexual orientations, religions, etc and it is important that everyone not only feels respected but included.

1. List and fully define the 4 methods of delivery, then tell me which is the one method we are supposed to use in this class.

Manuscript: speech that is written our word for word and read. Recitiing from memory. Impromptu where it is delivered with little to no immediate prep. Extemporaneously which is carefully prepared and rehearsed and presented from brief set of notes. Conversational quality which is presenting one so it sounds spontaneous no matter how many times its rehearsed. We use extemporaneous.

1. Name and fully define all 7 sections of the Speech Communication Process. Be sure to include a definition for frame of reference and examples of internal and external interference in the appropriate sections.

Situation: time and place in which speech communication occurs. Speaker: person who is presenting an oral message to a listener. Message: whatever a speaker communicates to someone else. Channel: that means by which a message is communicated. Listener: the person who receives the speakers message Frame of reference: sum of a persons, knowledge, experience, goals, values and attitudes. Feedback: the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker.

1. List ALL 5 guidelines for ethical speaking then list ALL 3 guidelines for ethical listening.

Speaking: Ask whether the speech is ethically sound, be fully prepared, avoid name calling and abusive language, put ethical principles into practice, use power of language ethically, honesty in speech, speech is free of plagiarism. Listening: courteous and attentive, avoid pre-judging, maintain free expression of ideas.

1. Define "stage fright," then explain how it may or may not relate to you personally, then list and explain all 6 time-tested ways to turn nervousness from a negative force to a positive one.

Stage fright is anxiety over the prospect of giving a speech in front of an audience. It affected me personally because I used to be in a debate organization where I had to debate in front of audiences and I would always feel anxious over the thought of me not knowing how to respond to a certain argument. Think positively. Visualize, don't expect perfection, speak with confidence.

1. Fully explain your understanding of the sections "cultural diversity in the modern world & cultural diversity and public speaking."

The United States is an extremely diverse place and the world as a whole is becoming more and more interconnected and diverse. The ability to effectively communicate ideas across cultures is important in being successful in business and life. Various gestures and forms of speaking vary from culture to culture and having an ability to respectfully communicate to different cultures is vital in conducting business and furthering a globally interconnected society.

1. List ALL the advantages for using a visual aid and then tell me what the primary advantage is (the top main advantage out of all of them).

The advantages of using a visual aid is you come off as more credible, more professional and it can help you combat stage fright. The best advantage is that you will come off as more credible and better prepared.

1. List, define, and give an example for each of the 5 Strategic Organizational Patterns for main points. (Refer to R. Laidlaw's 12 steps.)

Topical is random main points with no connection other than to the topic. Chronological is a time pattern. Spatial is directional or geographical, causal is cause and effect and problems and solutions states problems and gives solutions.

1. What is R. Laidlaw's quote? (Refer to Syllabus page 1.)

Understand that strong ethics and organization are the foundation of a good speech and that good delivery can make the difference between a good speech and a great (WOW) speech Review R. Laidlaw's 12 Steps for Creating an Info

Define Hearing

Vibration of sound waves on the eardrums and the firing og electrochemical impulses in the brain.

1. List and fully explain ALL aspects of the speaker's voice.

Volume: loudness or softness of the speakers voice. Pitch which is the highness or lowness of the speakers voice. Rate which is the speed at which a person speaks. Pause which is a momentary break in the vocal delivery of a speech. Vocal variety which is changes in a speakers rate, pitch, and volume that give the voice variety and expressiveness. Vocalized pause which is a pause that occurs when a speaker fills the silence between words with vocalizations such as "uh" "er" and "um." Pronunciation is the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language. Articulation is a physical production of particular speech sounds. Dialect is a variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or vocabulary.

1. Explain the connection between listening & critical thinking.

When you engage in comprehensive listening you need to engage your mind and ears because you have an ability to spot weakness, interpret fact from opinion, and judging the sound of evidence.

1. What 2 things do you need in an introduction and what 2 things do you need in a conclusion according to RL? (Refer to Syllabus page 5 or refer to reading assignment: R Laidlaw's 12 steps for creating an informative speech parts I & II.)

You need an attention grabber and a preview of the main points in the introduction. In the conclusion you need a summary of the main points and a bang.