Communications 301 Mid-Term Study Guide Q7
The Hawthorne Effect refers to increases in worker productivity explained by workers apparently interpreting research by management as management taking an interest in them.
True
To determine causation, the dependent variable must be caused by the independent variable.
True
To establish a defensible content analysis coding scheme, you need a clear theoretical background.
True
Two ground rules for content analysis are that categories must not overlap, and each unit can only be coded once.
True
Content analysis cannot only tell us about the content we are studying, it also answers questions about how that content affects people.
False
Experimental settings are not a threat to external validity because they reflect external reality.
False
In an experiment, this is the group that receives the treatment (the group of kids who watch Ninja Turtles and then hit their little brothers with nunchucks)
experimental group
The focus is on whether the experiment has captured the outside world the researcher is investigating.
external validity
Which of these elements is NOT necessary for a true experiment?
Randomization of research subjects A control group A pretest and a posttest Correct Answer All of the above elements are necessary for a true experiment
A spurious relationship occurs where a relationship between variables has been found but is actually explained by another variable the researcher was not focused on.
True
Content analysis can be used for analyzing visual content.
True
Content analysis is a quantitative technique for describing the content of communications.
True
Content analysis is predominantly a quantitative form of a research.
True
Content analysis only examines content at its face value; it does not look for latent meaning in its examination.
True
In asking about the validity of an experiment, a researcher is asking whether the experiment captured the concepts the researcher intended to capture.
True
One of the basic things we learn from the Hawthorne Effect is that, we can alter the things or people we are observing simply by observing them.
True
Repeated testing can be a threat to internal validity as group participants become more and more familiar with a test.
True
Selection bias occurs when experimental groups are not comparable.
True
This is the group that does NOT receive the treatment (the group that does NOT watch Ninja Turtles and thus does NOT hit their little brothers with nunchucks)
control group
The focus is on experimental design
internal validity