Communications midterm

2. How many main points will your speech usually contain? Why should you generally limit the number of main points?

Speeches usually contain 2-5 main points. You should generally limit the amount of main points you use because the audience will have trouble following and connecting it all together if you have too many.

If you're having trouble choosing a topic for your speech, what are three brainstorming methods you can follow?

The three brainstorming methods you can use are inventory, or bank of your experiences, interests, hobbies, skills, beliefs and so forth. Clustering is another method which includes people, places, and things. Lastly, Internet Search can help you develop a topic a lot quicker.

2. What are the two major purposes of classroom speeches? How do they differ?

Two major purposes of classroom speeches are general and specific purpose. The general purpose is to inform, you act as the teacher or lecturer. The specific purpose is to narrow your choices to determine the specific purpose of your speech. The specific purpose should focus on one aspect of a topic.

3. What are two ways to bring speeches to life with vivid, animated language?

Two ways to bring your speech to life with vivid, animated language is using imagery and rhythm.

4) Which type of outline is due a week before your speech?

The outline that is due a week before your speech is the preparation outline.

Identify and briefly describe five tips for an effective central idea.

-The idea should be expressed in a full sentence. -The idea should not be in the form of a question. -The idea should avoid figurative language. -The idea should not be vague or overly general.

4. Identify and briefly describe five tips for formulating your specific purpose.

-Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase, not as a fragment. -Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question. -Avoid figurative language in your purpose statement. -Limit your purpose statement to one distinct idea. -Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague or general.

What are the major functions of a speech conclusion?

1. The two major functions of a conclusion are: to let the audience know you are ending the speech and to reinforce the audience's understanding of, or commitment to, the central idea.

What are two ways to signal the end of your speech?

2. Two ways to signal the end of a speech include using two types of endings such as crescendo or dissolve endings. A crescendo ending is a conclusion in which the speech builds to a zenith of power and intensity. A dissolve ending is a conclusion that generates emotional appeal by fading step by step to a dramatic final statement.

What are four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech?

3. Four ways to reinforce the central idea when concluding your speech are summarize your speech, end with a quotation, make a dramatic statement, and refer to the introduction.

What are four tips for your conclusion?

4. Four tips for your conclusion include: keep an eye out for possible concluding materials as you research and develop your speech, conclude with a bang, don't be long winded, and don't leave anything in your conclusion to chance.

2) What's a preparation outline and what are 8 guidelines for creating one?

A preparation outline is a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, main points, sub points, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech. The 8 main guidelines for creating a speech include: -State the specific purpose of your speech. -Identify the central idea. -Label the introduction, body, and conclusion. -Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation. -State main points and sub points in full sentences. -Label transitions, internal summaries, and internal previews. -Attach a bibliography.

4. Explain what a preview statement is, and why you should almost always include one near the beginning of your speech.

A preview statement is a statement in the introduction of a speech that identifies the main points to be discussed in the body. They are important to include in the introduction because it provides a smooth lead in to the body of the speech. It signals that the body speech is about to begin.

3) What's a speaking outline and what are 4 guidelines for creating one?

A speaking outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the presentation of a speech. The 4 main guidelines for creating one include: -Follow the visual framework used in the preparation outline. -Make sure the outline is legible. -Keep the outline as brief as possible. -Give yourself cues for delivering the speech.

1. Define ethics.

Ethics is the branch of philosophy deals with issues of right and wrong in human affairs.

4) What is ethnocentrism? Why do speakers need to avoid ethnocentrism?

Ethnocentrism is the belief that our own group or culture, whatever it may be, is superior to all other groups and cultures. Speakers need to avoid ethnocentrism because you must show respect for the cultures of the people they address. They need to adapt their messages to the values and expectations of their listeners. Speakers need to be mindful of their audiences and avoid speaking in an offensive manner.

2. What are some examples of situational audience analysis for this particular class setting?

Examples of situational audience analysis for this particular class setting include the size of the class being around 20 or so students. The physical setting of our classroom is tight and crammed with the interference of noises from outside. The disposition toward the classroom topics usually are positive as far as interest, attitude, and feedback. Our class is made up of very good understanding listeners.

1. Why is it important to draw on your own knowledge and experience in gathering material for your speech?

It is important to add your own knowledge and experience in gathering material for your speech because everyone has their own stories, experience, and familiarity about a topic. The more familiar you are about a given topic it is easier to talk about and discuss about in giving a speech. Things come more natural when you have personal experience or familiarity about a topic.

4. Why is it important to start your research early? What can make this difficult for you (starting early)?

It is important to start your research early because the longer you wait the problems you encounter. If you don't start early you can run into a series of issues in regards to: books being checked out, not having enough time to complete the research and or not finding enough information because you waited till last minute. Starting early lets you be able to think about what you found. What can become difficult when starting early can be having the motivation to do so, and having enough info about the topic to get started.

2. When you organize your introductory speech, you should divide it into what three sections?

Organizing the introductory speech, you should divide it into an introduction, body, and a conclusion.

3. What are three kinds of questions used in questionnaires? Why is it a good idea to use all three in audience analysis?

The 3 kinds of questions used in questionnaires include fixed alternative questions, scale questions, and open-ended questions. It is a good idea to use all three in an audience analysis because the speaker then elicited specific information about the audience and probed more deeply into their attitudes toward the speech topic.

4. List the four types of connectives and give an example of each.

The 4 types of connectives are transitions, internal previews, internal summaries, and signposts. Transitions: "Now that we have... let me share" Internal previews: Starts to discuss a main point. Internal summaries: part in the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points. Signposts: a brief statement where the speaker focuses attention on key ideas.

3. What are the 5 basic patterns of organizing main points in a speech? Which are appropriate for informative speeches? For persuasive speeches? Which are most common?

The 5 basic patters of organizing main points in a speech include: chronological order, spatial order, casual order, problem-solution order, and topical order. The methods appropriate to use for informative speeches are chronological order and spatial order. The methods appropriate for persuasive speeches include casual order, problem-solution order, and topical order. The most common methods are chronological order and casual order.

2. Explain the difference between expert testimony and peer testimony.

The difference between an expert and a peer testimony is that an expert testimony is a testimony given from people who are recognized as experts in their field. A peer testimony is given from ordinary people with firsthand experience or insight on a topic.

List and briefly describe the five elements of speech delivery with regard to presenting your first speech.

The five elements that correspond with presenting a speech are: starting your speech, you move to the front of the room and face the audience in a relaxed but upright posture. Gestures, once in a speech you can feel free to use natural gestures when you are talking. Eye contact, during your speech look at your classmates as often as you can. Voice, try to use your voice as expressively as you would in normal conversation. Lastly, dealing with nerves, there are many ways to deal with calming them down. You can take slow deep breathes, flex and relax your muscles, or by squeezing your hands together and then releasing them.

1. What are four criteria for using language effectively in speeches?

The four criteria for using language effectively in speeches is using language accurately, using language clearly, using language vividly, and using language appropriately.

1. What are the four major goals of a speech introduction?

The four main objectives of a speech introduction include: get the attention and interest of your audience, reveal the topic of your speech, establish your credibility and goodwill, and preview the body of the speech.

5) Which outline do you use as "notes" for your speech?

The outline used as notes for your speech is a speaking outline.

3) What are the seven elements of the speech communication process? How do they interact to determine the success or failure of the speech?

The seven elements of the speech communication process are speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, and situation. They interact to determine the success or failure of speech by testing the speaker to effectively adapt to portray a message, adapt to their surroundings, their audience, criticism, and interruptions. The speaker has a lot to handle and control about delivering a speech. They all play into the total environment the speaker steps into.

3. Why is figuring out the specific purpose such an important early step in speech preparation? Why is it important to include the audience in your specific purpose?

The specific purpose is important in the early steps of speech preparation because it informs your audience what your topic is and what to expect to listen to throughout the speech. It is important to include your audience in your specific purpose because it is what the speaker wants the audience to know as a result of the speech.

2. What are three criteria for evaluating the soundness of research materials that you find on the Internet?

The three criteria for evaluating the soundness of research materials that you find on the internet are authorship, sponsorship, and recency.

3. What are three stages of a research interview? What should you do in each stage to help ensure a successful interview?

The three stages of a research interview include what to do before the interview, during the interview, and after the interview. Before the interview you should do a series of things: define the purpose of the interview, decide whom to interview, arrange the interview, decide whether to record the interview, and prepare your questions. During the interview you should dress appropriately and be on time, repeat the purpose of the interview, set up the recorder, if you are using one, keep the interview on track, listen carefully, and don't overstay your welcome. After the interview you should review your notes as soon as possible and transcribe your notes so you can settle on important ideas and information discussed.

1. What two major steps should you focus on for developing your introductory speech?

The two major steps you should focus on for developing an introductory speech include focusing your topic and developing your topic. When focusing your topic be sure to focus your presentation sharply so it conforms to the assigned time limit. Also avoid the temptation to narrow the focus of your topic too much. When developing your topic think of ways to structure the speech so it will be interesting and meaningful to your audience. Another possibility is to think of ways to make your presentation mysterious or suspenseful.

2. Briefly describe 3 of the 5 guidelines for ethical decision-making.

Three guidelines for ethical speaking include making sure your goals are ethically sound, being fully prepared for each speech, and being honest in what you say. Making sure your goals are ethically sound illustrate how ethical considerations can affect a speaker's choice of goals. Certain topics can be seen in different lights regarding the person. For example, knowing that smoking is wrong, how can you positively represent the subject with personal feelings regarding the topic. As a public speaker, you cannot escape assessing the ethical soundness of your goals. Being prepared for your speech is an obligation to yourself and to your listeners, to prepare fully every time you stand in front of your audience. The better you prepare, the better your speech will be. Lastly, being honest in your speech is the most important thing. The audience trusts what you tell them by assumption that you're telling the truth.

1. What are three kinds of examples discussed in this chapter? How might you use each kind to support your idea for your informative speech topic (be specific about your examples).

Three kinds of examples discussed in this chapter include brief examples, extended examples, and hypothetical examples. I can use brief examples in my speech by using specific facts to illustrate a key point. I can use an extended example by bringing in personal experience in regards to a specific memory to support a point. I can use a hypothetical example to paint a picture to interest people about a specific place or event in Disney. I can also use a hypothetical example to my advantage because some certain events in Disney that I haven't attended, will show them that I am interested as well.

2. What are three things you should do to use language clearly in your speeches?

Three things you should do to use language clearly in speeches is use familiar words, choose concrete words, and eliminate clutter.

4. What are some ways you can adapt to your audience during a speech?

Ways that you can adapt to your audience during a speech include always having a backup plan in case things go wrong, being ready to relate if someone has the same topic as you, and if you find you have less time then you planned you should condense to key points of your speech.

1) Why should you outline your speeches?

You should always outline your speeches because you take the time to put your speech together, deciding what you will say in the introduction, how you will organize the main points and supporting materials in the body, and what you will say in the conclusion.

3. How should you rehearse for your introductory speech?

You should rehearse for your introductory speech by practicing the speech in front of a mirror and talking out loud. You should concentrate on gaining control of the ideas rather than trying to learn the speech word by word. You will improve every time you practice.