Community Health Ch. 8: Adolescents, Young Adults, and Adults

Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS)

A national school-based survey, as well as state, territorial, tribal, and district surveys. This survey continues to be conducted biennially during odd-numbered years.

What is cholesterol? Where does it come from?

A soft, fat like substance that is necessary to build cell membranes. About 75% of cholesterol is produced by the liver and other cells, and 25% is from the food we eat.

How many students had not been physically active or at least 60 minutes per day on 5 or more days during the 7 days prior to the YRBSS survery?

Approximately half.

How many high school students were obese or overweight in 2011?

Approximately one-quarter

Who do the lowest mortality rates belong to?

Asian/Pacific Islanders.

What is the primary way obesity is measured?

BMI

Why do today's youth have a shorter life expectancy than their parents?

Because of the obesity epidemic.

What is the number one cause of death for those in the adult age group?

Cancer. Men: Prostate, lung, and colorectal. Women: Breast, lung, and colorectal.

Some of the greatest changes in cause-specific mortality rates in adults are those for the ____________disease

Cardiovascular

Intensity

Cardiovascular workload measured by heart rate.

Behaviors that contribute to violence-related injuries of high school students include:

Carrying a weapon, engaging in a physical fight, engaging in dating violence having been forced to have sexual intercourse, engaging in school-related violence including bullying, suicide ideation, suicide attempts.

Where does the largest source of fat in diets come from?

Cheese and oils.

What is the most common curable STD?

Chlamydia; 1 in 15 sexually active youths are said to have chlamydia.

___________ factors are associated with 4 of the 10 leading causes of death in this age group.

Dietary

What are examples of lower respiratory diseases?

Emphysema, asthma, and bronchitis.

Protective Factors

Factors that increase an individuals ability to avoid risks or hazards, and promote social and emotional competence to thrive in all aspects of life.

What does diabetes result from?

Failure of the pancreas to make or use a sufficient amount of insulin. Diabetes is one of the leading cause of death for adults aged 45-64

T/F: The trend of weight gain decrease with age.

False, it increases with age.

Who has a lower suicide rate, males or females?

Females, though more females attempt suicide.

Hypercholesterolemia

High levels of cholesterol in the body.

What noninvasive or minimally invasive screenings are

Hypertension, diabetes, high blood cholesterol,, and cancer.

Which two of the four factors need special attention when dealing with the health problems of adolescents and young adults?

Social and cultural factors ; Many health problems originate from the social and cultural environments in which people have been raised and live.

It is not race, per se, that is a risk factor for violent death, but rather:

Socioeconomic status and environment.

Example of protective factors?

School connectedness or engagement which is "The belief by students that adults and peers in the school care about their learning as well as about them as individuals.

Smokeless tobacco

Spit tobacco, includes oral snuff, loose leaf chewing tobacco, plug chewing tobacco, and nasal snuff.

What is hypertension?

Systolic pressure is equal to or greater than 140 mm of mercury (Hg) and/or diastolic pressure equal to or greater than 90 mm Hg for extended periods of time.

Life Course Approach

The concept that health status and environment exposures in the early part of one's life will impact their adult health status.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

The ratio of weight (in kilograms) to height (in meters, squared)

What is one of the biggest health problems facing adolescents and young adults?

The use of alcohol

What is one of the most widespread, high-risk health behaviors for adolescents?

The use of tobacco products.

What years are considered the most productive of people's lives?

The years of life between the ages of 10 and 64.

What is the best single behavioral change Americans can make to reduce morbidity and mortality?

To stop smoking.

For young people overall, approximately 3/4ths of all mortality can be attributed to 3 causes:

Unintentional Injuries (MVA; 42%) , Homicide (16%) , and Suicide (16%).

What is the leading causes of death for people in the adult age group?

Unintentional injuries, malignant neoplasms (cancer), heart disease, and suicide.

Adolescents

"Typically regarded as the period between maturity and adulthood" or "Is a time when children psycholoically move from areas of relative comfort and emotional security to places and situations that are far more complex and challenging"

The adult age group

(25-64 years old)

How many adults have hypertension?

1 in 3, making it the most prevalent risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the US.

What are the 5 different behaviors of high school students that relate to unintentional injuries?

1.) Seat belt use 2.) Bicycle helmet use 3.) Motorcycle helmet use 4.) Riding with a driver who has been drinking 5.) Driving after drinking alcohol.

While there is no ideal blood pressure, the acceptable blood pressure falls below

120/80

The vast majority of people who become dependent on nicotine develop that dependency before the age of ______.

18

What two groups are the adult years subdivided into?

25-44 years and 45-64 years old.

Smoking is responsible for ____% of death sin the US per year.

30%

What are three other interrelated risk factors what contribute to disease and death in this age group?

Lack of exercise, failure to maintain an appropriate body weight, and alcohol consumption.

What is life expectancy?

Life expectancy at birth between 75 and 80 years old.

What kind of physical activity can have a significant health benefit if done regularly and long term.

Light-to-moderate. Such activities include walking, gardening, housework, and dancing.

The leading cause of cancer deaths and most preventable type of cancer for both men and women is:

Lung cancer

Regardless of race or ethnicity, adolescent and young adult ________ have a high mortality rate than their counterpart.

Males

What diseases cause considerable morbidity for adolescents?

Measles and STI's

Does someone have to depend on alcohol to have a drinking problem?

NO.

What are the majority of deaths for 55-64 year olds caused by?

Noncommunicable health problems including: cancer, heart disease, unintentional injuries, suicude, liver disease, diabetes, stroke and chronic lower respiratory disease.

Adolescents and Young Adults

People who fall into the 10-to-24-year-old range. They are considered very important by our society because they represent the future of our nation.

What four major factors affect public health?

Physical factors, community organizing, individual behavior, and social and cultural factors.

What are many leading causes of death in the Adult age group a result from?

Preventable conditions associated with unhealthy behaviors and lifestyles.

The changes in cardiovascular disease are primarily the result of:

Public health efforts, including changes to the environment, which have encouraged people to stop smoking, increase their physical activity and eat more nutritionally.

Who has the highest rate of mortality in MVA?

White males

What stage of life are lifestyles established and shaped, resulting in lon-term influences on health in later years of life?

Young Adults.

The number of cases of breast cancer in women is ______ that of lung cancer.

twice.

What are the leading causes of death for young adolescents (5-14 age group)

unintentional injuries, malignant neoplasms (cancer), and congenital anomalies.