Community Quiz 1
What factors are most responsible for the increasing length of life of Americans over the past 100 years? A Better nutrition and family planning options B Education concerning the need to reduce salt and fat in the diet C Improved medical care, including exciting new technologies D More efficient cancer screenings and early intervention
A
Some people believe that the air within their workplace makes them ill. Which premises support this belief? A They consistently feel worse on workdays and weeks without holidays. B There has been media coverage of "sick buildings" where there is very little air exchange with fresh air outside. C Research has demonstrated that some buildings emit poisonous vapors that make anyone who works there ill. D When a small group of persons begins to believe something, the others in the larger group begin to believe it as well.
A
A community health nurse is overwhelmed with all that needs to be done in one day. Which task could most easily be postponed? A Reviewing the most recent hospital patient data collected by the local college of nursing B Deciding which of several possible new clinic options would be most effective in better meeting the needs of the local community C Evaluating the results of the most recent community-wide screening program before planning for the next community health program D Giving testimony to the state legislature on a new health and safety bill
A
A microscopic approach to the community health problem of childhood obesity would focus on A asking an obese child and his or her parent(s) to complete a 24-hour food diary. B analyzing aggregate body mass indexes (BMIs) of school-age children in a school. C advocating for a change in health policy related to school lunches. D exploring changing cultural changes and societal values related to activity.
A
A nurse is advocating for local leaders to place a newly approved community health clinic in an area of the city that has fewer resources than other areas. The nurse is advocating for the leaders to uphold which of the following ethical principles? A. Distributive justice B. Fidelity C. Respect for autonomy D. Veracity
A
A nurse is using Healthy People 2020 as a guide to improve the health and well-being of the community. Which strategy would the nurse most likely implement? A Address the root causes of health problems. B Choose one of the 28 focal areas for emphasis in funding and media attention. C Concentrate on the goals of improving the quality of life. D Continue funding expansion of the health care system. E Expand efforts to put all medical records on electronic media.
A
A nurse is using Milio's framework for prevention to improve the health of clients. Which would the nurse most likely implement? A Create appropriate national health policies. B Develop health programs that make healthy choices the easiest choices. C Promote nationwide educational programs with information on making healthy choices. D Stress that clients are responsible for their own health.
A
A nurse is using the theory of reasoned action when working with a client to exercise on a regular basis. Which would be the easiest way for the nurse to determine if the client will engage in this activity? A The client's intention to exercise regularly B The client's perception of the threat of illness if he doesn't exercise regularly C Society's emphasis on the importance of regular exercise D The pros and cons of regular exercise
A
A nurse works hard to develop alliances among various community organizations toward improving health in the community. What are actions such as this called? A Building coalitions B Collaboration C Communication D Community cooperation
A
Which assumption of the Health Belief Model (HBM) is problematic? A People have both free will and access to health resources. B People listen to the advice given by health care professionals. C People are influenced by health messages given over media channels. D People make what they perceive as rational decisions in a given situation.
A
Which best describes the primary purpose of nursing theory? A To improve nursing practice B To demonstrate that nursing is a profession C To organize nursing knowledge D To serve as a basis for ongoing nursing research
A
Which statement best describes "thinking upstream"? A Modifying economic, political, and environmental factors B Preparing for nursing career long-term goals by planning now C Seeking causes of water and air pollution "upstream" from cities D Trying to understand how or why someone got ill
A
Which theory is based on the assumption that individual needs and related activities are the focus of nursing care? A Orem's self-care deficit theory B The Health Belief Model C Milio's framework D Critical social theory
A
Which variable has a major influence on a community's health? A Behavior choices made by persons in the community B Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community C Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.) D The number and credentials of public health officials in the community
A
A nurse manager at a community agency is developing an orientation program for newly hired nurses.When discussing the differences between community-based and community-oriented nursing, the nurse should include which of the following as examples of community-based nursing? (Select all that apply.) A. A home health nurse performing wound care for a client who is immobile B. An occupational health nurse providing classes on body mechanics at a local industrial plant C. A school nurse teaching a student who has asthma about medications D. A parish nurse teaching a class on low-sodium cooking techniques E. A mental health nurse discussing stress management techniques with a support group
A C
A nurse was becoming frustrated. It had been 2 weeks, and although the client had verbalized that the best time of day to take a 15-minute walk was early in the morning, the client had not begun to exercise. Which principles of the Transtheoretical Model had the nurse forgotten? (Select all that apply.) A A decision to act always occurs before action begins. B Behavior change is difficult and takes time. C Continuing to stress to the client how important exercise is will help the client decide to exercise. D Discussing with the client why he or she is not yet exercising may help the client recognize his or her own resistance. E The nurse should offer some reward if the person exercises for at least a week. F Verbalizing compassion for how difficult it is to change is a crucial intervention.
A B
Which factors have a profound, if sometimes unrecognized, impact on one's health? (Select all that apply.) A Adequate resources to allow easy access to health services B Interpersonal relationships with family and friends C Local, state, and national policies D Number and quality of health care providers within transportation range E Physical neighborhood where one works and lives F Understanding the need for healthy lifestyle choices
A B C E
According to the critical theoretical perspective, which should be held responsible for many of the illnesses of Americans today? (Select all that apply.) A Advertisers who market sugar- and fat-saturated food products B Alcoholic beverage manufacturers, marketers, and sellers C Manufacturers of products that increase morbidity and mortality D Corporations who modify their emission rates E Restaurants that attempt to keep meal costs low F Tobacco manufacturers who sponsor sports events
A B C F
A nurse is using Pender's model to explain what influences individuals to pursue health promotion activities. Which factors would be examined? (Select all that apply.) A A belief that one can change one's behaviors B Environmental choices possible C Fear of negative consequences if action is not taken D The rewards one believes will result if action is taken E The threat of an early death if behavior is not changed F What one's family and peers believe should be done
A B D F
Based on Healthy People 2010, what are the two primary goals of Healthy People 2020? (Select all that apply.) A Eliminate health disparities. B Expand health promotion activities in every community. C Improve funding, including diverting funds from other priorities to health care. D Improve health outcomes measures to be more consistent with other developed nations' outcomes. E Increase quality and years of healthy life. F Reduce mortality and morbidity figures nationwide.
A E
A community health nurse is using the Health Belief Model (HBM) as a basis for providing client care. Which best describes the problems associated with using the HBM? (Select all that apply.) A It ignores the need to reduce health system barriers to action. B It is extremely difficult to change the client's belief system. C It is the nurse's responsibility to persuade clients to engage in the appropriate behavior. D Clients do not have the knowledge to correctly analyze the seriousness of the disease or their susceptibility to it. E Clients expect health professionals to take preventive actions for them. F The choice and the burden for acting are entirely with the client.
A F
A nurse is using the critical theoretical perspective in practice. Which best describes how the nurse would respond when a client suggests that the physician prescribe a widely advertised medication for tension and anxiety? (Select all that apply.) A Can you tell me what is going on in your life right now? B Do you know anyone else who is suffering such tension and anxiety? C How does your family feel about you having so much tension and anxiety? D Would you consider using the generic equivalent of this medication? E What led you to believe this medication would be of help to you? F What have you tried in the past to relieve tension and anxiety?
A F
A variety of health indicators are used by health providers, policy makers, and community health nurses to measure the health of the community. Indicators that illustrate the health status of a community and may be useful in analyzing health patterns over time include (Select all that apply.) A morbidity. B mortality. C birth rates. D life expectancy. E cancer incidence rates.
A B D E
A nurse is using the critical theoretical perspective in daily nursing practice. Which activity would the nurse most likely complete? A Criticize health insurance programs as a barrier to health care. B Expose social values underlying the health care system. C Promote individual freedom and decision-making. D Exert control over the client's environment.
B
A nurse reviewed information before meeting with the community residents who were attending a program on healthful living. Which best describes the action by the nurse? A Disease prevention B Health promotion C Health improvement D Specific protection
B
A nurse was becoming frustrated. She had given her client extensive information on his health problem, but the client continued to be noncompliant in making needed changes. Which principle had the nurse forgotten? A A person may have a higher priority than improving his or her health. B Information, while necessary, will not motivate people to change. C People need repetition over time to be able to absorb information. D Physicians, not nurses, are perceived as experts in health.
B
A community health nurse explores a group of teenagers' beliefs about the seriousness of eating disorders and their related susceptibility. The nurse is applying principles from which theory? A Orem's self-care deficit theory B The Health Belief Model C Milio's framework D Critical social theory
B
A nurse is using Milio's framework to promote healthy eating choices among members of the community. Which intervention would the nurse most likely implement? A Provide community education about healthy food choices. B Promote legislation to increase taxation on unhealthy food choices. C Lobby for health insurance providers to pay for participation in health promotion programs. D Encourage community members to be responsible for making healthy choices.
B
A nurse who works on the surgical unit at the local hospital was asked by the home health unit to make a home visit to a patient who had been discharged the previous day and to give follow-up care (for overload pay). What kind of nursing would this nurse be doing? A Acute care hospital nursing B Community-based nursing C Community health nursing D Public health nursing
B
A public health nurse is planning several initiatives for a city. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include as part of public health assurance? A) meeting with city officials to propose changes to health laws B) partnering with a laboratory company to provide free HIV screenings for the public C) reviewing data for incidence of influenza over a 25 year span D) providing medical facilities with information on accidental injury rates
B
Disease prevention activities protect people from disease and the effects of disease. An example of primary disease prevention is A teaching people with diabetes how to prevent complications. B administering vaccines to children before kindergarten. C checking the skin of farm workers for signs of skin cancer. D identifying and testing individuals exposed to someone with tuberculosis.
B
Every 10 years, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services publishes a national prevention initiative titled Healthy People. One of the new objectives for Healthy People 2020 is to A achieve access to preventive services of all Americans. B improve the nation's ability to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from a major health incident. C reduce health disparities among Americans. D increase independence of older Americans.
B
How does community health nursing define community? A A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries B A group of persons who share a common identity and environment C A group of persons who work together to meet common goals D A group of persons who resolve a community concern
B
It is rumored that there is something in the workplace that is causing persons employed there to feel ill. Which action would be most appropriate for the nurse to take? A Ask researchers to set up a study to confirm the health hazard in the environment. B Assess the risk, including identifying any toxic substance. C Confirm the extent to which the illness resulted from intergroup agreement on the illness and cause. D Insist that the media not further spread stories of possible sick buildings until the truth of the situation can be studied.
B
What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed? A There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical centers. B There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care. C There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions. D Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer relations
B
Which assumption makes Orem's theory difficult to use? A That nurses will always be caring for families and groups B That clients are able to control their environment C That clients recognize the need for nursing intervention D That teaching clients self-care is the primary goal of nursing practice
B
Which best describes the reason why so many Americans are obese? A Culture requires eating at celebrations and holidays. B For many people, caloric intake is more than needed for their physical activity. C Physical education is no longer a required subject in most elementary and secondary schools. D The expected portion size in restaurants has vastly increased over time.
B
Which factor is most responsible for differences in an individual's health? A Culture of the majority of the community's citizens B Individual's education and income C Number of physicians and other health care providers in the community D Quality of the community health agency and hospital in the community
B
Which is most closely associated with morbidity and mortality outcomes? A Number of physicians per capita B Insurance status C Crime rate D Personality traits
B
Which primary prevention would the school nurse choose to address the school's number of unwed pregnancies? A Create a class on parenting for both the moms-to-be and the dads-to-be. B Convince the school board to allow sex education classes to include birth control measures. C Employ the moms-to-be as 1-hour-a-day employees in the school daycare center for children born to school students. D Establish a class where all the unwed moms-to-be can learn infant care.
B
Which risk factors are least subject to modification? A Choice of lifestyle behaviors B Environmental exposure C Nutritional options D Recreational activities
B
Which statement best describes a weakness of early nursing theories? A Many nurses did not know or understand the theoretical basis of nursing practice. B Most nursing theories focused on microscopic individual concerns. C The theories did not reflect the actual world of nursing practice. D The theories had global applicability to nursing practice.
B
Which statement best summarizes Lillian Wald's achievements? A She suggested new nursing specialties. B She demonstrated how to improve health in communities. C She gave expert clinical nursing care to her clients. D She was appointed a national nursing leader.
B
Which task will be most helpful in meeting the public health agency's goals? A Complete staff evaluations in preparation for individual meetings to plan their agency and individual goals for the next year. B Actively participate in community agencies' collaborative action plan to meet the community's health goals for the year. C Meet with the college of nursing faculty to finalize student objectives and schedules for the next semester. D Teach a free course in healthful living for community residents.
B
Why are high-risk and vulnerable subpopulations identified by public health nurses before deciding on appropriate interventions? A It is easiest to make improvements among these groups. B Populations are not homogeneous, and resources are limited. C Such groups are most vocal about their needs and wants. D These groups are often recipients of special funding.
B
Why would a public health nurse want to know about morbidity and mortality statistics on the local, state, and national level? A To be able to share current trends in health problems with the community B To be able to observe the community's statistics over time and compare the community with other communities C To justify local budgets and the need for increased income from citizens D To publicize current health issues and suggest appropriate actions to citizens
B
Which actions have been effective in reducing problems related to alcohol use? (Select all that apply.) A Abstinence education programs in elementary schools B Enforcement of ban on sales of alcohol to minors C Increased taxes on alcoholic beverages D Media campaigns that show unpleasant behaviors such as vomiting after drinking E Stringent laws on accurate labeling of alcoholic content in beverages F Suggesting children be taught appropriate use of alcohol in the home
B C
What are the leading health indicators found in Healthy People 2020? (Select all that apply.) A Financial issues B Health system issues C Individual behaviors D Issues related to legal and illegal immigration E Legislative issues F Physical and social environmental factors
B C F
What historically have been public health nurses' two most important priorities? (Select all that apply.) A Establishing school nursing to improve care of children B Engaging in political activity to improve living conditions C Giving superb clinical bedside care in the home D Increasing funding to public health efforts E Teaching family members how to care for their family F Working with the community to confront health issues and poverty
B F
Public health efforts focus on prevention and promotion of population health. The local level of the health care system provides direct services to community members through community and personal health services. An example of a health service that targets the larger community, rather than individuals, is (Select all that apply.) A providing well-infant care. B a mobile immunization clinic. C condemning or repairing unsafe housing. D encouraging family planning. E airing a weekly public service announcement to remind women to do breast self-examination.
B C E
Jennifer is a community health nurse in a large metropolitan area. According to the American Nurses Association's Code of Ethics (2015), community health nurses must align themselves with public health programs that promote and preserve the health of populations by influencing A socioeconomic issues. B psychosocial issues. C sociocultural issues. D developmental issues.
C
The belief that health deficits result from an imbalance between the population's health needs and its health-sustaining resources is the premise of which theory? A Orem's self-care deficit theory B The Health Belief Model C Milio's framework D Critical social theory
C
What is the health issue causing the most concern in the United States today? A Diabetes epidemic B Increase in cardiac disease C Increase in obesity D Rise in cancer rates
C
A 50-year-old woman comes to the clinic for her first mammogram. Which best describes the action of this client? A Disease prevention B Health improvement C Health protection D Primary health promotion
C
A client did not attend the clinic for required follow-up care after his extensive surgery. Using the Health Belief Model, which would be the most appropriate conclusion for the nurse to make? A The client is noncompliant. B The client is suffering from self-neglect. C The health care system is not meeting the client's perceived needs. D The health care system is not accessible for the client. E The nurse has not motivated the client appropriately.
C
A community health nurse is implementing health programs with several populations in the local area. In which of the following situations is the nurse using primary prevention? A) performing a home safety check at a clients home B) teaching healthy nutrition to clients who have hypertension C) providing influenza immunizations to employees at a local preschool D) implementing a program to notify individuals exposed to a communicable disease
C
A new public health nurse carefully assessed all the local mortality and morbidity data in preparation for making appropriate planning suggestions at a meeting next week. What other action is crucial before the nurse can feel prepared? A Ask other nursing staff their perceptions of the community's needs. B Assess the nurse's own assets, strengths, and ability to contribute. C Meet members of the community to determine their culture and values. D Review discussions and decisions from previous meetings.
C
A nurse has accepted a new position in a public health department. Which characteristic is crucial to the nurse's success? A Advanced educational preparation B Being knowledgeable about the community's needs C Listening and showing respect D Caring and empathetic personality
C
A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this involvement important? A Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very visible in American media. B Nurses are primarily responsible for managing the various units in our health care system. C Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers. D Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals.
C
A nurse is using Milio's approach when caring for a client. Which advantage will the nurse experience? A It will allow for care interventions outside the hospital system. B It will demonstrate the effectiveness of using a variety of community resources. C It will encourage the assessment of the personal and societal resources of the client. D It facilitates open communication between the client and the nurse.
C
A nurse is using the theory of planned behavior when working with a client to change her behavior and improve her health. Which consideration should be made by the nurse? A If environmental limitations may prevent the person from acting B The availability of needed environmental supports for the client C The client's belief about factors that may facilitate or impede the behavior D If the suggested behavior is actually the most effective approach
C
A public health nurse is reviewing the outcomes of an exercise program at various locations. Which of the following aspects of care does the finding evaluate? A) timeliness B) client centered C) equity D) safety
C
A young couple is searching for a home in a new neighborhood. Which neighborhood would most likely promote a healthy lifestyle? A One near a large active military base B One with excellent health facilities nearby C One with high walkability D One with superb recreational facilities
C
During a health history, the client looked confused and said, "But everybody drinks, like at parties and such. How much drinking do you think is too much?" Which would be most appropriate response by the nurse? A "Alcohol should be used only in moderation." B "It's okay as long as you don't binge, and you eat food with your drinks." C "Per day, no more than one drink for women and two drinks for men." D "Total abstinence is the only healthy choice."
C
It has been estimated that individual behaviors and environmental factors are responsible for what percentage of all premature deaths in the United States? A 20% B 40% C 50% D 70%
C
What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require of the nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients? A Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available to clients. B Recognize the need for experienced nurses to mentor new graduates to help increase and expand the number of professionals available. C Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care. D Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care.
C
What would be the proper term for the action of the school health nurse arranging for all the students in the elementary school to receive H1N1 immunizations? A Health education B Secondary prevention C Specific protection D Tertiary prevention
C
Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care? A Politicians are discussing how to improve health care. B The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system. C Our national health care costs keep increasing. D The new health care system offers free services to Americans.
C
Which best describes why risk reduction is of such importance in the United States today? A Families suffer when family members die from avoidable causes. B Risk reduction activities will decrease insurance costs to individuals and their employers. C The leading causes of death are all related to lifestyle choices. D Risk reduction can decrease the ongoing rise in national health care expenditures
C
Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis? A Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace. B Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice. C Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility. D Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems.
C
Which is an example of "community health nursing" rather than "community-based nursing"? A An RN assisting a doctor in a pediatrician's office B An RN visiting a home-bound patient to monitor for congestive heart failure C An RN reviewing school clinic records to determine which children are not up to date on their immunizations D An RN dispensing medications in a nursing home
C
Which is the best definition of health? A A goal and a resource for living B A lack of disease or illness C Complete state of well-being D Freedom from pain or discomfort
C
Which statement best describes the major assumption of the Health Belief Model (HBM)? A People will act if action is both easy and convenient. B People will act if exposed to fear messages stressing their vulnerability. C The major determinant of preventive health behavior is avoiding disease. D The major determinant of preventive behavior is providing proper health education.
C
Which statement is not true about the "thinking upstream" model of community health nursing practice? A It is a conceptual model to assist the nurse in community health planning. B It helps to focus the time, energy, and programmatic resources available to community health nursing clients. C It focuses the nurse on short-term, individual-based nursing interventions. D It focuses the nurse on long-term, "bigger picture" issues related to community health practice, such as social justice or power.
C
A nurse asks a client how she has been sleeping. Which best describes the rationale behind this question? (Select all that apply.) A Accidents and injury may occur with the sleep-deprived client at fault. B Interventions for sleep problems are primarily common sense. C Many adults report sleep problems or occasional lack of sleep. D Many important functions occur during sleep. E Nurses can determine whether the patient has a sleep disorder. F A sleep assessment is easy and inexpensive to complete.
C D
A nurse is using the Health Belief Model to help a client improve lifestyle choices. Which interventions would the nurse most likely implement? (Select all that apply.) A Conduct an ongoing public information campaign to motivate people to take action. B Emphasize how important it is to change behavior immediately. C Examine the individual's perceptions of his or her health in relation to current lifestyle behavior choices. D Review how lifestyle changes can reduce risk and improve the client's life. E Share statistics regarding the probability of health problems and their seriousness if action is not taken. F Use communication channels to send reminders of action currently needed.
C D E F
A nurse has a broad, aggregate focus when providing care to clients. Which best describes how this approach will help improve client outcomes? (Select all that apply.) A Ensures that collaborative efforts of many professionals will be used B Confirms the individual's responsibility for resolving the health problem C Empowers decision-making based on both individual and community goals, needs, and priorities D Enables the nurse to ask for assistance from other community professionals E Encourages allocation of time for population-focused preventive efforts F Upholds professional nursing standards of care
C E
A nurse is completing a health history with a client. Which question would be most important to include? A How many alcoholic drinks do you have in a day? B How many sexual partners have you had in the past month? C What nonprescription drugs do you take on a routine basis? D What kinds of tobacco do you use daily?
D
A nurse is using a macroscopic approach when providing care. Which would the nurse most likely demonstrate? A Emphasizing behaviors that will help in healing B Examining the family's responses to illness C Explaining how these actions will help in healing D Providing testimony to legislators concerning proposed legislation
D
After completing a master's degree, a nurse took a course in marketing. Should the agency reimburse the nurse's tuition costs? A No, courses taken for personal enjoyment are not eligible. B No, courses taken outside the professional's responsibilities are not eligible. C Yes, the nurse is demonstrating professional commitment by continuing education. D Yes, the nurse could use such information in social marketing for the agency.
D
Based on statistics, which group is probably more physically active? A A group of adults living in the southern U.S. states B A group of elderly mall walkers C A group of high school graduates employed in blue collar occupations D A group of highly paid college graduates
D
How do public health efforts differ from medical efforts in improving the health of our citizens? A Medical care providers autonomously choose appropriate interventions, whereas public health care providers must engage in whatever actions legislation requires. B Medical care providers are self-employed or agency employed, whereas public health care providers are employed by and paid through the government. C Medical care providers focus only on individuals, whereas public health care providers focus only on aggregates. D Medical care providers focus on disease diagnosis and management, whereas public health care providers focus on health promotion and disease prevention.
D
The community health nurse is teaching a prenatal class and includes the societal cost of fetal alcohol syndrome in one of the educational sessions. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of A Orem's self-care deficit theory. B the Health Belief Model. C Milio's framework. D critical theoretical perspective.
D
The nurse working with a client to change behavior to maximize health asked the client to bring his family to the next visit. Which best describes why the nurse wants the family to come with the client? A To analyze the family's beliefs about health B To determine the family's support of the client C To establish the family's communication patterns D To evaluate the family's approval of the proposed changes
D
What change could most effectively lead to a longer life span in Americans? A Parenting and sexual behavior classes in all public school systems B Legislation restricting alcohol and drug use C Notably reducing speed limits on all state and federal highways, and changing the age limit for driving to 21 years of age D The belief that smoking is shameful and disgusting, as well as expensive, becoming the social norm
D
What is the community health nursing definition of health? A Health is a person's goal-directed purposeful process toward well-being or wholeness. B Health is an individual's physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. C Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or her environment in meeting daily existence. D Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure safety and well-being.
D
What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020's emphasis on choosing healthy lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choices? A Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and minimal use of alcohol or drugs, is also needed. B All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable. C It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices. D Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and environmental changes needed for well-being.
D
Which action would probably result in the largest change in health care outcomes for Americans? A Establish large numbers of scholarships for education of nurses, physicians, and other health care providers. B Fund a one-time extremely large stimulus to allow all health care providers and agencies to create and integrate computer network systems for client health care records. C Increase funding for hospitals and medical centers to expand their neighborhood clinics. D Redirect a large portion of federal funding from acute care to health promotion activities.
D
Which health-related variable is examined by the critical theoretical perspective? A Cultural beliefs B Effect of history and tradition CEthnic and racial differences D Social inequalities
D
Which is the cause of most preventable deaths in the United States? A Alcohol B Drug addictions C Sexually transmitted diseases D Tobacco
D
Which task is most crucial for the community health nurse to do well? A Review the most recent morbidity and mortality data. B Create a new clinic to better meet local health needs. C Evaluate the results of the recent screening program. D Give testimony regarding proposed state health legislation.
D
