Comp Gov Unit 3 Second (MC)

Which of the following statements accurately describes a cleavage in Iran?

A religious cleavage exists between the Shi'a Muslims and the minority Iranian Jews, Christians, and Zoroastrians.

Which of the following best describes the role of civil society organizations in the AP Comparative Government and Politics course countries?

Civil society organizations vary in their ability to expose government corruption.

Which of the following describes civil society in Russia and Iran?

Civil society groups in Russia and Iran are either prohibited or severely limited.

Followers of both socialism and communism are most likely to favor which of the following policy programs?

The reduction of economic inequality

Which of the following statements accurately describes changes in the Chinese media in the past twenty years?

There has been an increase in investigative reporting.

12. In the twentieth century, the greatest social cleavage manifested in British politics was

class

Cleavages that split a society into different groups with regard to different issues are referred to as

crosscutting

The United Kingdom has used a referendum in the past ten years to

decide whether to leave the European Union

Both Russia and China have responded to ethnic political movements that seemed to threaten national integration by

deploying troops to quell demonstrations and protests for greater ethnic autonomy

The two largest ethnic groups in Mexico are

mestizo and indigenous

The process by which basic political attitudes and beliefs are developed is known as

political socialization

Emphasizing values such as gender equality and environmental protection rather than concern with traditional economic priorities is known as

postmaterialism

Political culture is best defined as the

prevailing attitudes in a society toward government, authority, and participation

Citizens of nondemocratic regimes may be allowed to participate in elections in order to

provide legitimacy to the ruling regime

The most persistent political challenge facing Nigeria since independence has been

regional and ethno-religious cleavages

The political culture of a nation is best defined as the

underlying attitudes and predispositions of citizens toward the political system

Many consider the existence of an active civil society to be supportive of and even necessary for democratization because

within civil society people learn to express interests and negotiate with others to achieve common goals

An illiberal democracy is also known as which of the following?

A competitive authoritarian regime

Which of the following best explains why regional identities have led to independence movements in the United Kingdom but not in Mexico?

A history of the regions' existence as separate states in the United Kingdom.

Which of the following best explains the level of turnout in an AP Comparative Government and Politics course country?

Although turnout in Russian presidential elections is relatively high, documented cases of voter fraud make the numbers suspect

Which of the following accurately compares civil liberties in authoritarian and democratic regimes?

Authoritarian regimes limit citizen control of the media, while in democratic regimes media is largely in the hands of private citizens

Which of the following is an accurate description of why Great Britain's conflict in Northern Ireland has diminished since 1998 ?

Britain supported a power-sharing agreement between Protestant and Roman Catholic leaders in Northern Ireland.

Which of the following do Great Britain and Nigeria have in common?

Both countries have ethnic diversity and strong regional identities

Which of the following practices is more common in authoritarian political systems than in democratic political systems?

Censorship of citizens' use of the Internet and social media

In which of the following pairs of countries does the government exercise significant state control of the media?

China and Russia

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the treatment of ethnic minorities in China?

China officially protects the use of minority languages by approved minority groups.

What is the authors' central claim in the passage?

China's leaders use censorship to block efforts to organize ordinary people against the regime.

Which of the following is found in illiberal democracies?

Elections

Which of the following describes a difference between fascism and populism?

Fascism is an extreme nationalist ideology that favors authoritarian rule and the rights of the ethnic majority over that of ethnic minorities, and populism is the belief in rights of the common people over elites.

Which of the following best describes the difference between fascism and communism?

Fascism is the belief in a nationalist ideology favoring authoritarian rule, and communism is the belief in the removal of private property and government control over the economy.

Which of the following is an accurate description of the difference between fascism and individualism?

Fascism is the belief in an extreme nationalist ideology, and individualism is the belief that preserving individual freedom is more important than collective goals.

Which of the following best explains why Nigeria's turnout is much lower than that of the other countries?

In addition to logistical issues, Nigerians lack faith in the political system and are not encouraged to vote

Which of the following principles did President Mohammad Khatami put at the center of his domestic agenda in his first term?

Increased freedom of the press

Which of the following accurately compares political ideologies?

Individualism is the belief in individual civil liberties and freedom over government restrictions, while populism is a political philosophy that supports the interests and rights of the common people over that of the elites.

Which of the following best describes civil society?

Individuals organizing and expressing their interests

Which of the following two governments have most significantly limited citizens' media access to maintain political control?

Iran and Russia

Which of the following is a true statement about the Chinese government's approach to ethnic minorities?

It has given some latitude to ethnic minorities in such matters as population control and language.

Which of the following is an accurate description of a hybrid regime?

It holds regular elections for public offices.

Which of the following statements best characterizes the state of civil society in Russia?

It is weak in comparison with civil society in European democracies.

According to the passage, what is the theory of collective action potential?

It suggests that censorship targets people who join together to express their grievances collectively.

Which of the following best describes Iranian political culture?

It values the community's welfare above individual rights.

Mexican political culture differs from Nigerian political culture in which of the following ways?

Mexicans have a strong sense of national identity, while Nigerians identify more strongly with their individual ethnic group.

Which of the following best explains the trend in the data between 2005 and 2016 ?

Mexicans' support for democracy gradually declined as Mexico's problems continued under governments run by different parties.

Which of the following best explains the trend in the data between 2000 and 2005 ?

Mexicans' support for democracy peaked in 2002 soon after the PRI finally proved vulnerable to electoral loss and Mexicans became enthusiastic about the possibilities for change.

In which of the following two countries do regional cleavages play a larger role than religious cleavages do in politics?

Mexico and the United Kingdom

Which best explains why Islam plays a larger role in the political culture of Iran than that of Nigeria, despite Muslims making up a majority of the population in both countries?

Muslims in Nigeria make up the majority in only some of the states of the country, so different regions have different religious influences upon political culture, unlike Iran where Shia Muslims are a majority throughout the country.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the effects of political cleavages in two AP course countries?

Nigerian and Russian governments both grapple with a Christian-Muslim cleavage that has led to acts of political violence in both countries.

Which of the following examples best illustrates a challenge to political socialization in the United Kingdom and Nigeria?

People are socialized in both countries partly through the media, and there are several news sources that print influential stories that are biased.

Which of the following accurately compares political culture and political ideology?

Political culture is composed of a set of broadly shared attitudes and values, whereas political ideology is a more specific set of beliefs or values about government and politics.

Which of the following statements about political socialization is true?

Political socialization is a process that continues throughout an individual's life.

López Obrador's actions best reflect which of the following ideologies?

Populism, because of López Obrador's use of referenda.

Which of the following refers to a vote by the public on a particular policy issue?

Referendum

Which of the following statements is true about the effects of cleavages in two course countries?

Regional cleavages have resulted in demands for greater autonomy and independence in the United Kingdom, whereas in Mexico, regional cleavages have only resulted in demands for greater autonomy

Developing countries with multiple political parties most often divide along which of the following lines of cleavage?

Religion and ethnicity

Which of the following statements best characterizes Nigerian society?

Religious diversity, ethnic diversity, linguistic diversity

Since the 1970s, which civil society groups in the United Kingdom have increased and which have decreased their representation in Parliament?

Representation of environmental groups has increased, while representation of the Anglican church and trade unions has decreased.

Which of the following best explains why Russia puts limits on civil society organizations with foreign sponsorship?

Russian leaders are concerned that a vibrant civil society would promote democratization and liberalism by promoting organization and participation

Which of the following political blocs would be most likely to favor nationalization of large industrial enterprises?

Socialists

Political participation in authoritarian regimes differs from that in democratic regimes in which of the following ways?

State organized participation is more likely to occur in authoritarian regimes than in democratic regimes.

Which of the following statements most accurately compares political socialization in two countries studied in the AP Comparative Government and Politics course?

The Chinese government applies more pressure to socialize citizens around conforming beliefs than does the Nigerian government.

Which of the following statements accurately describes Muslim populations in two AP Comparative Government and Politics course countries?

The Muslim population in the United Kingdom lives mostly in London and other urban areas, while in China most Muslims live in western provinces.

Which of the following statements best compares government regulation of civil society in Russia with that of the United Kingdom?

The Russian government monitors civil society groups much more closely than does the government of the United Kingdom.

Which of the following best describes political culture?

The collective attitudes, values, and beliefs of the citizenry and the norms of behavior in the political system

With regard to human rights in Iran, the Iranian government has acted in which of following ways?

The government targets and imprisons political opponents.

Which of the following accurately describes the Chinese government's imposition of restrictions on civil society groups?

The government's actions contradict guarantees of civil liberties in its constitution.

Which of the following statements best explains the change in voter turnout in both presidential and legislative elections between 2003 and 2011 ?

The government's inability to effectively respond to political violence

Which of the following challenges to the state have tended to strengthen democracy?

The growing independence of civil society

Which of the following best explains why, despite continued progress toward democratic consolidation, support for democracy in Mexico was roughly the same in 1995 and 2015 ?

The political and economic realities of democratization are difficult and often not popular among citizens experiencing the transition.

Which of the following best explains the status of media freedom in Iran?

There is some media censorship, but the government allows independent news sources as a way to maintain legitimacy

Which of the following best explains the high turnout in Iranian elections in 2009?

There was intense political competition between President Ahmadinejad and reformist candidates, which increased turnout.

Which of the following best explains why the Chinese government allows some political protests?

To act as a release valve for the public

Which of the following is the purpose of the Great Firewall in China?

To limit political criticism on social media

According to the passage, which of the following best describes why China engages in censorship?

To preserve control

Which of the following is an example of civil society changing in the United Kingdom?

Trade unions became less influential with fewer resources after Thatcherism.

Which of the following is an important cleavage common to both Mexico and China?

Urban and rural populations

Which of the following has the Nigerian state done to alleviate cleavage-based problems?

Used ethnic quotas in government hiring

Civil societies require which of the following?

Voluntary associations

Using the data from the chart above, which of the following is an accurate statement about voter turnout in Nigerian elections?

Voter turnout in parliamentary elections is consistently lower than voter turnout in presidential elections.

The Communist Youth League (CYL), All-China Federation of Trade Unions, and All-China Women's Federation are significant because they

are mass organizations that have served as channels of political education and participation under Chinese Communist Party rule

In its effort to reduce the problem of ethnonationalism, the 1999 Nigerian Constitution

established the National Youth Service Corps

One major contrast between the Yeltsin and Putin presidential administrations in terms of domestic policies lies in the

extensive media freedom under Yeltsin and the significant decrease in media freedom under Putin

Although Russia is no longer a communist state, one feature it shares with communist China is

government restrictions on the development of civil society

The study of political culture involves attempting to explain political behavior by

identifying the beliefs, attitudes, and values of citizens

All of the following are policies that Russia has pursued in its relations with neighboring states since 2000 EXCEPT

increased sharing of nuclear technology with all former Soviet republics

The nature of the social and political cleavages in China and Russia are different because in China

the Communist Party is still one important and stable channel of upward mobility, while in Russia it is not