comp sci unit 2

B

A computer program performs the operation and represents the result as the value . Which of the following best explains this result? A-An overflow error occurred. B-The precision of the result is limited due to the constraints of using a floating-point representation. C-The program attempted to execute the operation with the arguments in reverse order. D-The program attempted to represent a floating-point number as an integer.

The account balances are represented using a fixed number of bits, resulting in round-off errors.

A program developed for a Web store represents customer account balances using a format that approximates real numbers. While testing the program, a software developer discovers that some values appear to be mathematically imprecise. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the imprecision?

The image analysis is likely to take a longer time for the research team than for a distributed group of individuals.

A small team of wildlife researchers is working on a project that uses motion-activated field cameras to capture images of animals at study sites. The team is considering using a "citizen science" approach to analyze the images. Which of the following best explains why such an approach is considered useful for this project?

B-Different counties may organize data in different ways.

A team of researchers wants to create a program to analyze the amount of pollution reported in roughly 3,000 counties across the United States. The program is intended to combine county data sets and then process the data. Which of the following is most likely to be a challenge in creating the program? A-A computer program cannot combine data from different files. B-Different counties may organize data in different ways. C-The number of counties is too large for the program to process. D-The total number of rows of data is too large for the program to process.

a

A user wants to save a data file on an online storage site. The user wants to reduce the size of the file, if possible, and wants to be able to completely restore the file to its original version. Which of the following actions best supports the user's needs? a-Compressing the file using a lossless compression algorithm before uploading it b-Compressing the file using a lossy compression algorithm before uploading it c-Compressing the file using both lossy and lossless compression algorithms before uploading it

Analogue audio

An ______________ signal is measured at regular intervals. Each measurement is stored as a sample, which is represented at the lowest level as a sequence of bits.

benefit of crowdsourcing

An application that allows users to view descriptions and photographs of local landmarks

citizen science example

Collecting pictures of plants from around the world that can be analyzed to look for regional differences in plant growth.

negative

Creating the _______ of an image by creating a new RGB triplet for each pixel in which each value is calculated by subtracting the original value from 255. The negative of an image is reversed from the original; light areas appear dark, and colors are reversed.

Analog Data

Data with values that change continuously, or smoothly, over time. Some examples include music, colors of a painting, or position of a sprinter during a race.

overflow error

Error from attempting to represent a number that is too large.

Storing music files on a smartphone in order to maximize the number of songs that can be stored

In which of the following situations would it be most appropriate to choose lossy compression over lossless compression?

Pixel

Short for "picture element" it is the fundamental unit of a digital image, typically a tiny square or dot which contains a single point of color of a larger image.

roundoff error

The difference between the calculated approximation of a number and its exact mathematical value.

year

The total number of books that were never borrowed in a given _______

2 and 3

When a cellular telephone user places a call, the carrier transmits the caller's voice as well as the voice of the person who is called. The encoded voices are the data of the call. In addition to transmitting the data, the carrier also stores metadata. The metadata of the call include information such as the time the call is placed and the phone numbers of both participants. For which of the following goals would it be more useful to computationally analyze the metadata instead of the data? 1-To determine if a caller frequently uses a specific word 2-To estimate the number of phone calls that will be placed next Monday between 10:30 A.M. and noon. 3-To generate a list of criminal suspects when given the telephone number of a known criminal

A

Which of the following activities is most likely to be successful as a citizen science project? A-Collecting pictures of plants from around the world that can be analyzed to look for regional differences in plant growth. B-Designing and building a robot to help with tasks in a medical laboratory. C-Sorting scientific records and removing duplicate entries in a database with a large number of entries. D-Using a simulation to predict the impact of a construction project on local animal populations.

D

Which of the following applications is most likely to benefit from the use of crowdsourcing? A-An application that allows users to convert measurement units (e.g., inches to centimeters, ounces to liters) B-An application that allows users to purchase tickets for a local museum C-An application that allows users to compress the pictures on their devices to optimize storage space D-An application that allows users to view descriptions and photographs of local landmarks

byte pair

____ encoding is an example of a lossless transformation because an encoded string can be restored to its original version.

Citizen Science

____ is scientific research conducted in whole or part by distributed individuals, many of whom may not be scientists, who contribute relevant data to research using their own computing devices. This project would benefit from using a citizen science model for gathering photographs of plants from amateur photographers around the world.

Binary sequences

___________ can be used to represent audio recordings, colors, and strings of characters

Lossless Compression

a data compression algorithm that allows the original data to be perfectly reconstructed from the compressed data. generally, reduction in transmission time

Lossy Compression

data compression techniques in which some amount of data is lost.

compressed

lossless data cannot be ____ as much as lossy

Crowdsourcing

the dynamic social media process of employing users to participate in product design or product redesign.