*COMP VISUAL

Newton's First Law

If the ball is thrown using very little strength, the effects of gravity (an outside force) will overcome the velocity of the ball and it will fall short of the basket. If the ball is thrown with too much strength, the ball will overcome the effects of gravity and hit the back board (another outside source) and change its direction.

Body Composition

It is the amount of fat in relation to the percentage of non-fat in the total body mass.

Newton's Third Law

When a baseball player uses a bat to hit a pitched ball, the force with which the bat hits the ball (and angle) causes the ball to move in an equal and opposite force and direction.

friction example

When children play kick ball on grass, the ball may move more slowly than when they play kick ball on asphalt. There is more resistance because of the friction of the coarse, grassy surface.

jumping creates

activity-specific muscle and agility

The elements of movement help teachers

create dynamic and interesting fitness activities

galloping instructions

forward lead step, drag opposite foot to the lead foot, repeat

galloping is a

forward movement

striking instructions

should include practice on stationary objects in primary grades before children can progress to moving objects and is struck.

scapula:

shoulder blade

deltoids:

shoulder muscles

sliding instructions

side lead step, drag opposite foot to the lead foot, repeat

learning to throw

start with tossing beanbags, move on to baseballs.

abdominals:

stomach muscles

Kinesiology

study of movement

purpose of 3-9 body awareness

takes what you learned k-2, and uses it in activity specific motor skills

Cardio-Respiratory (Aerobic)

the ability of the heart, blood vessels, and respiratory system to sustain work by delivering oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body over a period of time

Endurance

the ability to sustain physical effort for long periods of time.

examples of OMS

throwing, catching, kicking, and striking

exploring

used for body awareness. instruct students to move over, under, or lead with body parts

space

used for body awareness. instruct students to move somewhere without touching anyone else

quality

used for body awareness. instruct students to relax and contract, and move very fast or very slow

balance

used for body awareness. instruct students to stand on one foot

shape

used for body awareness. instruct students to stand tall or wide

examples of locomotor skills

walking, running, jumping, skipping, leaping, galloping, and sliding

non-locomotor movements used in

warm up exercises

all physical activities should begin with

warm-up stretching exercises

describing twisting

rotation of a body part around its own long axis

examples of non-locomotor skills

twisting, bending, swaying, raising or lowering parts of the body, or stretching in place

triceps:

underneath muscles of the upper arm

humerus:

upper arm bone

femur:

upper leg bone

bend:

use joints to bring parts of the body toward each other

motor control:

use of muscular control and the nervous system to coordinate the muscles used to perform a motor skill

describe pushing

moves the body away from the object while applying force

gastrocnemius:

muscle found in the calf

types of kicking

1) punting (dropped from hands and kicked), 2) place kicking (a stationary object), 3) soccer kicking (a form of kicking that requires an extension of the hip to increase the range of motion)

daily recommended exercise time

60 minutes

catching (some issues)

Catching involves using the hands to stop and control a moving object. During the early stages of learning, it is more difficult for children to learn to catch than to throw because tracking the object requires mature hand-eye coordination

Muscular Strength

The amount of force exerted with muscles.

gravity

The center of the human body can be associated with the "center of gravity." It is the point around which the mass of the body is equally distributed. The

throwing

Throwing requires an object to be propelled into space. Movement force starts from flexing the hip and moving the shoulder forward while extending the elbow. With the coordinated body movement, the object accelerates into space with greater speed and velocity.

skipping is a

a series of step-hops completed with alternate feet

sprain:

a stretched or torn ligament

kicking

a striking action performed by the feet

most important component of fitness

an efficient cardio-respiratory system

biomechanics

application of mechanical physics to human motion

social responsibility approach:

approach to physical education that focuses on building strong interpersonal relationships between students

self-actualization approach:

approach to physical education that focuses on matching the curriculum to what interests and motivates the students

ecological integration approach:

approach to teaching physical education that emphasizes students learning to participate successfully with groups

twisting instructions

ask children to twist as fully as possible, and then to twist in the opposite direction

jumping instructions

ask students to jump and touch the ceiling

hamstrings:

back thigh muscles

solving the fear of catching

begin with beach balls, balloons, and fleece balls. as fear drops, reducing the size of the object to catch.

motion

body movements can be associated with force, acceleration, and velocity as they relate to maximum effort.

Children can increase strength through

bodyweight exercises

cranium:

bones of the head

sternum:

breast bone

gluteus maximus:

buttock muscles

gastronomies:

calf muscles

The force of the energy in the body causes

change in physical motion

clavicle:

collar bone

object manipulation skills

complex motor patterns used for sports (i.e. dribbling a basketball or throwing a football)

that the natural patterns of movement in children and adolescents are _______ from those of adults

different

non-locomotor skills are

done while standing in place

non-locomotor skills lead to

effective body management such as body control, flexibility, and balance.

quadriceps:

front muscles of the thigh

territory games:

games such as basketball, football, and soccer in which a team or player must guard parts of a playing field and attempt to push into the area guarded by the opposing team or player

target games:

games such as bowling, golf, or horseshoes that require propelling an object toward a specific goal or target

court games (divided and shared):

games such as tennis in which an object is hit so that the opponent is unable to return it

OMS requires

hand-eye or foot-eye coordination

purpose of k-2 body awareness

helps students become aware of space, basic movement, effort, and cooperation

benefits of flexibility

helps the student to retain a full range of movement, prevent injury from fitness activities, and improve posture.

tibia:

inner bone of the lower leg

ROM of non-locomotor skills

joints and surrounding muscles

patella:

knee cap

sliding is a

lateral movement

ulna and radius:

lower arm bones

diabetes:

medical disorder that occurs when the body cannot regulate blood sugar

bound flow:

movement that is halting

high-space activity:

movements performed either in the air or while standing on tiptoes

low-space activity:

movements performed while bending or while the body is otherwise close to the ground

middle-space activity:

movements performed while standing upright

describe stretching

moves body parts away from the center, and moves joints and muscles through a range of movements

Muscular Strength Muscular movements can be isometric

no visible movement (static)

proprioception

our sense of body position

substance abuse:

pertaining to a minor: use of any alcohol or illegal drugs by a child, the use of any medication not specifically prescribed by a doctor for the child, or the misuse or overuse of prescribed or over-the-counter medication by a child

Continuity of movement is

responsible for producing the maximum force and velocity

locomotor skills

propels an individual from one place to another

teaching kicking

reducing the size of the object as skill develops

agility:

the body's ability to change position quickly

Flexibility

the movement which joints and muscles move through a full range of motion.

Friction definition

the resistance of motion of two moving objects

Body Composition measured by

the thickness of selected skin folds.

physiological

the way in which a living organism or bodily part functions

biceps:

top muscles of the upper arm

children don't need

traditional strength programs

striking

when an object is hit with an implement such as a bat, a racket, or the hand.

Muscular Strength Muscular movements can be isotonic

with signs of movement (dynamic)

Teaching Newton's Second Law

you can have upper-grade students sit in a chair while trying to throw a basketball into a hoop. Students should recognize their inability to follow through with motion. They should then ask the students to throw the basketball when standing up. The force of the entire body in motion should produce an accelerated velocity that results in a force-producing movement to achieve the desired result of the ball reaching the basketball hoop.