Comparative Politics - Political Science 2 - Midterm

What is a catch-all party? a. A party that aims to attract support from a broad range of interest groups and voters b. A party consisting of large numbers of citizens as members that undertake massive political mobilization c. A party that attracts all voters of a specific demographic or background d. A party in which membership and scope were largely restricted to a small number of political elites

a. A party that aims to attract support from a broad range of interest groups and voters

A state that is controlled by religious leaders and imposes strict religious restrictions on its citizens is known as: a. A theocracy b. A holy empire c. A secular republic d. A democratic nation

a. A theocracy

The National Rifle Association is an example of: a. An interest group b. A political party c. A coalition d. A party system

a. An interest group

Which of the following is not necessarily true of authoritarian states? a. Authoritarian states avoid holding elections at all costs. b. Authoritarian states violate human rights to some degree. c. Authoritarian states restrict democratization. d. Authoritarian states may have personalistic leaders.

a. Authoritarian states avoid holding elections at all costs.

Which document set an international standard by enumerating civil liberties for individuals? a. Bill of Rights b. Magna Carta c. Treaty of Versailles d. Declaration of Independence

a. Bill of Rights

Which of the following would be the best characterization of historical-institutional accounts of regime types? a. Coalitions of actors at different historical moments may help account for the persistence or collapse of regime types. b. Political history is largely characterized by institutions that have become more democratic and less authoritarian over time. c. The institutions that most affect history are comprised of political elites who act rationally when faced with challenges by the masses. d. History is written by the winners, and therefore is largely for the institutionalized.

a. Coalitions of actors at different historical moments may help account for the persistence or collapse of regime types.

Bureaucratic-authoritarian regimes are characterized by: a. Control of the state by a group of elites rather than a single individual b. A separation between state and military c. A focus on ideology d. Low economic productivity

a. Control of the state by a group of elites rather than a single individual

Referendums, citizen assemblies, and community councils can all considered part of: a. Direct democracy b. Democratization c. Representative democracy d. Minimal definition of democracy

a. Direct democracy

The procedural definition of democracy: a. Emphasizes the minimal standards for democracy in a country b. Deals exclusively with political rights in a country c. Varies by region d. All of the above

a. Emphasizes the minimal standards for democracy in a country

Which of the following would not be considered a dominant-party state as of 2015? a. Ghana b. Chad c. Ethiopia d. South Africa

a. Ghana

Which scholar argued that different party systems emerge in part due to differences in ideology? a. Giovanni Sartori b. Mancar Olson c. Girolamo Savonarola d. Jean-Paul Sartre

a. Giovanni Sartori

The theory that traces democracy to broad social changes and economic development is known as: a. Growth-based development theory b. Democratization theory c. Modernization theory d. Consolidation theory

a. Growth-based development theory

Samuel Huntington observes that democracy: a. Has come in waves throughout history b. Is impossible to establish is certain regions c. Can only develop effectively when developed gradually d. Is the only viable option for economic growth

a. Has come in waves throughout history

A country develops by providing large stimulus packages to the economy. The country continues to do so because the economy has become dependent on it. This is an example of: a. Historical institutionalism b. Civil society c. Utility d. Absolute poverty

a. Historical institutionalism

Life expectancy, infant mortality, literacy, and HDI rank are all useful tools to measure: a. Human capital b. Human nature c. Both a and b d. None of the above

a. Human capital

Which of the following is a defining characteristic of dominant-party systems? a. Lack of competitiveness in elections b. Lack of free and fair elections c. Lack of citizen voting rights d. Lack of campaign funding for opposition parties

a. Lack of competitiveness in elections

Democratic transitions in the 1970s and 1980s were predominantly located in what regions? a. Latin America, southern Europe, and Central-Eastern Europe b. Western Europe, Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa c. North Africa, Southeastern Asia, and Latin America d. Sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, and Central-Eastern Europe

a. Latin America, southern Europe, and Central-Eastern Europe

Which of the following statements about poverty and authoritarianism is false? a. Many authoritarian regimes have persisted in countries with low-income inequality. b. Poverty does not exist in authoritarian regimes due to their socialist nature. c. Income inequality can create divisions in society that can be manipulated by authoritarian regimes to maintain power. d. Authoritarian regimes can bring about economic growth, thus improving living standards.

a. Many authoritarian regimes have persisted in countries with low-income inequality.

Which of the following countries would offer the clearest illustration of the resource curse phenomenon? a. Nigeria b. Cuba c. France d. Haiti

a. Nigeria

Which of the following, on its own, is not an indicator of poverty? a. Renting, not owning, a home b. Low income c. Lack of access to resources d. Limited economic opportunities

a. Renting, not owning, a home

Which would not likely be found in a consolidated democracy? a. Revolt by losing party b. Free contesting of ideas c. Frequent change in government d. Stable regime

a. Revolt by losing party

Who is most closely associated with traditional "modernization theory" in the study of democracy? a. Seymour Martin Lipset b. Philip Seymour Hoffman c. Guillermo O'Donnell d. Nigel Tufnel

a. Seymour Martin Lipset

China, North Korea, and Cuba are all current examples of what specific type of party system? a. Single-party system b. Multiparty system c. Two-party system d. All of the above

a. Single-party system

An illiberal democracy has ______________ but lacks ____________. a. Some democratic features, guaranteed civil rights b. Some authoritarian features, elections. c. Leader accountability, protected political rights d. Reasonably fair elections, basic social services

a. Some democratic features, guaranteed civil rights

Which of the following scholars is most closely identified with the idea of "competitive authoritarianism"? a. Steven Levitsky b. David St. Hubbins c. Guillermo O'Donnell d. Max Weber

a. Steven Levitsky

A passage in which famous American work argued that it is natural for people to form different "factions"? a. The Federalist Papers b. The Emancipation Proclamation c. The Sixth Amendment d. None of the above

a. The Federalist Papers

The median voter is also known as: a. The swing vote b. The base vote c. The strategic vote d. The aggregate vote

a. The swing vote

Which of the following statements is true of party platforms? a. They define a party's particular set of principles b. They are not subject to change c. They do not represent the will of the party d. They are generally the same from party to party

a. They define a party's particular set of principles

Nazi Germany and present-day North Korea are examples of what type of authoritarian regime? a. Totalitarian b. Theocratic c. Bureaucratic-authoritarian d. All of the above

a. Totalitarian

Venezuela under Hugo Chávez's and Nicolas Maduro, which combines elements of authoritarianism with some democratic features, could be defined as: a. Totalitarian regime b. A traditional democratic regime c. A hybrid regime d. A pseudo-democratic regime

a. Totalitarian regime

During what time period did the PRI rule in Mexico? a. 1920-1942 b. 1929-2000 c. 1947-1975 d. 1986-present

b. 1929-2000

A political organization that seeks to influence policy through getting candidates and members elected or appointed to public office is called: a. An interest group b. A political party c. A coalition d. A party system

b. A political party

The World Bank is an example of: a. A cultural element b. An institution c. A geographic feature d. Class interests

b. An institution

Which of the following regimes could be described as "bureaucratic-authoritarian"? a. The United States in 2010 b. Argentina in the 1970s c. Iran after the 1979 revolution d. There has never really been a "bureaucratic-authoritarian" regime.

b. Argentina in the 1970s

Traditional oligarchies, empires, monarchies and sultanates are all examples of: a. Democratic regimes b. Authoritarian regimes c. Populist regimes d. Socialist regimes

b. Authoritarian regimes

Which of the followings not often thought of us a key aspect of development? a. Economic growth b. Civility c. Reduced poverty d. Sustainability

b. Civility

Which of the following best describes the current regime of the United States? a. Democratic executive b. Constitutional Republic c. Republican legislature d. Socialist congress

b. Constitutional Republic

Which theory is most closely associated with the scholar Barrington Moore? a. Democracy only happens in countries that have the right culture. b. Democracy only happens in societies after the emergence of a bourgeoisie. c. Democracy is indeterminate and cannot be predicted. d. Democracy happens when groups solve problems of collective action.

b. Democracy only happens in societies after the emergence of a bourgeoisie.

Freedom of speech and free and fair elections are most often associated with what type of regime? a. Parliamentary Democracy b. Democratic c. Constitutional Republic d. Theocratic

b. Democratic

What is the name given to the initial shift from an authoritarian to a democratic regime? a. Deauthoritarianization b. Democratic transition c. Democratic consolidation d. Democrifying

b. Democratic transition

The most common measurement of a country's development is its: a. Foreign policy record b. Economic growth c. Literary achievements d. Degree of democracy

b. Economic growth

Which of the following is not a civil liberty considered central to democracy? a. Freedom of speech b. Freedom to own firearms c. Freedom of the press d. Freedom of assembly

b. Freedom to own firearms

Which of the following countries would most likely be defined as democratic? a. China b. Ghana c. Cuba d. Russia

b. Ghana

According to consensus views of democracy, which of the following would not be a reasonable limit to civil liberties? a. Illegality of religious ritual sacrifice of humans b. Illegality of opposition party activity c. Illegality of private ownership of WMDs d. Illegality of publication of confidential national security information

b. Illegality of opposition party activity

The Human Development Index (HDI) gives a broad view of development and well-being by measuring: a. Income, healthcare accessibility, and educational attainment rates b. Income, life expectancy, and educational measures c. Inflation, life expectancy, and educational measures. d. Income equality, life expectancy, and educational measures.

b. Income, life expectancy, and educational measures

What is the process by which individuals' preferences are brought together to make collective decision, often through political parties and the party system? a. Interest articulation b. Interest aggregation c. Mass parties d. Catch-all parties

b. Interest aggregation

Which of the following scholars argues that environmental/geographical differences account for a good deal of the difference in development outcomes? a. Mitt Romney b. Jared Diamond c. Neil Armstrong d. Max Weber

b. Jared Diamond

Which of the following is an example of strategic voting? a. John refrains from voting in boycott of the candidates. b. John votes for his second-favorite candidate who might win, rather than his preferred candidate who has little chance. c. John votes for his preferred candidate to win the seat, despite the fact that his second-favorite candidate has a better chance. d. John votes for his least-favorite candidate in the hopes that this will discipline the party of his most-favored candidate.

b. John votes for his second-favorite candidate who might win, rather than his preferred candidate who has little chance.

Which theorist said that capitalism would cause an international crisis of inequality? a. Wyatt Catron b. Karl Marx c. Rand Paul d. Simon Johnson

b. Karl Marx

The argument that property rights influence development might be considered which of the following type of theory? a. Geographic determinism b. New institutionalism c. Reductionism d. Statism

b. New institutionalism

Which of the following statements is true of dominant-party systems? a. Only one party participates meaningfully b. Only occur in authoritarian countries c. Only one party can compete d. Only occur in hybrid regimes

b. Only occur in authoritarian countries

The term "democratic Caesarism" has been used to describe what idea? a. Dictators who are elected are not considered authoritarian. b. Personalistic dictatorships are sometimes framed as necessary to help maintain order and advance their country. c. Theocracies are influenced by the ancient Roman Empire. d. Caesar salads should always be shared democratically.

b. Personalistic dictatorships are sometimes framed as necessary to help maintain order and advance their country.

Which of the following is not a measurement of health? a. Infant mortality b. Physical education c. Life expectancy d. Accessibility of health care

b. Physical education

To what term does the idea that interest groups compete in a "marketplace of ideas" refer? a. Capitalism b. Pluralism c. Cronyism d. Corporatism

b. Pluralism

Democratic consolidation in Brazil could be best described as: a. Radically reversing itself b. Seemingly well underway c. Never began d. Brazil has a fully authoritarian regime

b. Seemingly well underway

Civil society directly corresponds to: a. State-led development b. Social capital c. Environmental sustainability d. Utility

b. Social capital

According to the revised dependency theory, how can dependent countries become more independent? a. Exporting more goods b. State-promoted industrialization c. Increasing imports d. Adopting utility

b. State-promoted industrialization

Proponents of a ___________ definition of democracy might argue that "countries can always undergo further democratization and that the question of democracy is not restricted to whether countries meet a minimum threshold." a. Evolving b. Substantive c. Qualitative d. Procedural

b. Substantive

Which aspect of development specifically considers a country's long-term access to resources? a. Cultural development b. Sustainability c. Satisfaction and happiness d. Gender relations

b. Sustainability

"Regime maintenance" refers to: a. The periodic rotation of officials in charge of an authoritarian regime b. The efforts made by a regime to remain in power c. The provision of political information for the electorate in a delegate democracy d. The cutting of the provision of basic services in order to fund the regime budget

b. The efforts made by a regime to remain in power

Which country would be an example of a constitutional monarchy? a. France b. United Kingdom c. United States d. Germany

b. United Kingdom

Which of the following is not true of Zimbabwe? a. Zimbabwe was one of the first African countries to invest heavily in education for girls. b. Zimbabwe is considered one of the most democratic nations in Africa. c. Zimbabwe was called Southern Rhodesia before the 1960s. d. Zimbabwe was known as "the bread basket of Africa."

b. Zimbabwe is considered one of the most democratic nations in Africa.

About how many people are estimated to be in absolute poverty worldwide? a. 1 million b. 100 million c. 1 billion d. 30 billion

c. 1 billion

Approximately what percentage of the world is estimated to live under a democratic regime as of mid-2015? a. 10 percent b. 25 percent c. 50 percent d. 90 percent

c. 50 percent

A theory that attempts to explain how institutions get set in a particular pattern over time is called _____________. a. A foundational theory. b. An institutional grounds theory c. A historical institutionalist theory d. A pattern formation theory

c. A historical institutionalist theory

What is a referendum? a. A congressional mandate b. The process that precedes an impeachment c. A popular vote on a specific issue d. A written testament to a candidate's skills and abilities

c. A popular vote on a specific issue

Authoritarian persistence can be can be demonstrated by: a. The persistence of a single authoritarian regime b. The substitution of one authoritarian regime for another c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b

c. Both a and b

Which country is home to the most influential and important dominant-party system in the world? a. Afghanistan b. Brazil c. China d. Russia

c. China

Which of the following is not a political-cultural orientation identified by Almond and Verba? a. Parochial cultures b. Activist cultures c. Civic cultures of participation d. Subject cultures

c. Civic cultures of participation

Action taken by individuals and groups to pursue their ends in formally or informally coordinated ways, often in pursuit of some common or public good is called ____________. a. Democratization b. Revolution c. Collective action d. Grassroots organization

c. Collective action

The work of Mancur Olson focuses on the study of which of the following themes? a. Party-system development b. Strategic voting c. Collective action d. Party action and partisan reaction

c. Collective action

Which Latin American country was noted for an authoritarian form of corporatism that lasted for over half of the twentieth century? a. Brazil b. Argentina c. Cuba d. Mexico

c. Cuba

A collapse of democracy is called _____________. a. Authoritarianization b. Reverse democratization c. Democratic breakdown d. Authoritarian persistence

c. Democratic breakdown

What is the name given to the increasing strength and stability of a democratic regime after a democratic transition? a. Deauthoritarianization b. Democratic transition c. Democratic consolidation d. Democrifying

c. Democratic consolidation

Culture is best described as _________. a. Regional b. Personal c. Dynamic d. Stagnant

c. Dynamic

The measure designed to capture the number of meaningful parties in a party system is called: a. Cumulative party metrics b. Aggregate effective parties c. Effective number of parties d. Gini index of party representation

c. Effective number of parties

Which of the following best summarizes Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, by Daron Acemoglu and James Robinson? a. No bourgeoisie, no democracy. b. No bourgeoisie, no authoritarianism. c. Elites may favor repression over democracy if it will protect their privileges. d. Authoritarian elites are susceptible to the contingencies of people power mobilization.

c. Elites may favor repression over democracy if it will protect their privileges.

Who proposed the theory that each country fit into a specific role in the world economy? a. Jared Diamond b. Aaron Schendel c. Immanuel Wallerstein d. David M. Thompson

c. Immanuel Wallerstein

The Communist Party in China is what type of party? a. Elite party b. Catch-all party c. Mass party d. Common party

c. Mass party

Which of the following is not a current classification of democracy as used by the NGO Freedom House? a. Not free b. Partly free c. Mostly free d. Free

c. Mostly free

Which of the following claims has recently been used in defense of single-party systems? a. Voters cannot be trusted to elect effective leaders b. Justification of a regime's continuation in power c. Multiparty systems can be divisive d. One party is inherently more effective that multiple parties

c. Multiparty systems can be divisive

According to Guillermo O'Donnell and co-authors, democratic transitions often depend upon some form of collaboration between "soft-liners" and which of the following? a. Hardliners b. Maximalists c. Pragmatists d. Radicals

c. Pragmatists

Why would a proportional representation election system generally lead to a multiparty system? a. Proportional representation favors large parties that can win a plurality of the votes b. Proportional representation exacerbates divisions within society c. Proportional representation reflects the overall distribution of support for multiple parties d. It would not

c. Proportional representation reflects the overall distribution of support for multiple parties

Anthony Downs's work on the median voter model influenced the study of what theory? a. Structured voting theory b. Party allegiance theory c. Rational choice theory d. Irrational choice theory

c. Rational choice theory

The idea that economic development leads to the creation of a strong middle class, which in turn promotes democratization and democratic stability is attributed to which academic? a. Samuel Huntington b. Nigel Tufnel c. Seymour Martin Lipset d. Amartya Sen

c. Seymour Martin Lipset

What is an example of a party system? a. Authoritarian b. Pseudo-democratic c. Single-party d. Uncompetitive

c. Single-party

Which of the following is true about social scientists' attitudes towards happiness? a. Social scientists argue that development and happiness have nothing to do with each other. b. Social scientists argue that development always leads to unhappiness. c. Social scientists are increasingly interested in empirically examining the determinants of happiness. d. According to comparative politics, happiness is economic growth.

c. Social scientists are increasingly interested in empirically examining the determinants of happiness.

Democratization is specifically defined as: a. The formal passing of a Bill of Rights b. The process of a government transition c. The process of a regime becoming more democratic d. Successive free elections

c. The process of a regime becoming more democratic

Which scholar uses the Eastern European revolutions of 1989 to highlight the importance of the suppression of public opinion in the preservation of an authoritarian regime? a. Lucan A. Way b. Steven Levitsky c. Timur Kuran d. Daron Acemoglu

c. Timur Kuran

Which of the following categories is most like the category "hybrid regime"? a. Competitive authoritarian regime b. Theocracy c. Totalitarian regime d. You shouldn't compare any regimes to hybrid regimes

c. Totalitarian regime

Which of the following is not a type of definition of democracy? a. Procedural b. Minimal c. Transitional d. Substantive

c. Transitional

Which of the following is the metaphor Kohli uses to describe how states and private actors interact when development fails/succeeds? a. Split ends/healthy hair b. Tug of war/ lifting the bucket together c. Two horses pulling a chariot in the same direction/opposite directions d. Turning a blind eye to the other/careful watchdog on both parts

c. Two horses pulling a chariot in the same direction/opposite directions

Single-member districts are likely to lead to which type of party system? a. Single-party system b. Multiparty system c. Two-party system d. All of the above

c. Two-party system

To what does "Duverger's Law" refer most directly? a. Multiparty systems tend to emerge where elections are based on proportional representation. b. Multiparty systems tend to emerge where elections are based on a simple plurality vote. c. Two-party systems tend to emerge where elections are based on proportional representation. d. Two-party systems tend to emerge where elections are based on a simple plurality vote.

c. Two-party systems tend to emerge where elections are based on proportional representation.

Which of the following is an example of a core country under "The Modern World System" theory? a. Nigeria b. Indonesia c. United States d. Mexico

c. United States

Civil society is made up of: a. Interest groups b. Volunteer organizations c. Social organizations d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Multiparty democracies require: a. Frequent elections b. At least two parties competing for power c. Voting rights for all of-age citizens d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following could be considered an element of a substantive definition of democracy? a. Gender equality b. Public participation c. Social inclusion d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is a type of authoritarian regime? a. Totalitarian regimes b. Theocracies c. Personalistic dictatorships d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following is an aspect of party system institutionalization? a. The internal stability of parties over time b. The cohesiveness and coherence of party platforms over time c. The persistence and electoral success of parties over time d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following regimes has been called "totalitarian"? a. Cuba under Castro b. The Soviet Union c. Nazi Germany d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Which of the following would be considered an exercise in collective power? a. Casting a ballot b. A union strike c. Producing public political art d. All of the above

d. All of the above

Stronger democratic international norms have contributed most directly to: a. An increase in legitimacy for all regime types b. A response of an increase in authoritarianism c. A rejection of international law d. An increase in regimes defined as hybrids

d. An increase in regimes defined as hybrids

The ongoing continuation of an authoritarian regime is known as: a. Transition b. Competitive authoritarianism c. Democratic breakdown d. Authoritarian persistence

d. Authoritarian persistence

Which scholar credits class structure as the key factor in which type of political regime is formed? a. Samuel Huntington b. Guillermo O'Donnell c. Richard Stockton Bullitt d. Barrington Moore

d. Barrington Moore

Which of the following would be an example of "direct democracy"? a. An assembly of citizens deliberating b. A plebiscite or referendum c. Neither (a) nor (b) d. Both (a) and (b)

d. Both (a) and (b)

Which of the following statements is true? a. Most proponents of market-led development would prefer a state that is capable of enforcing contracts between private actors. b. Most proponents of state-led development agree that free markets can be helpful to the economy c. Neither proponents of market-led development nor state-led development would agree that the opposite argument has merit. d. Both a and b

d. Both a and b

What is the conclusion of "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development" theory? a. Former British colonies are the most developed today b. Former French colonies are the most developed today c. Colonies based on resource extraction are the most developed today d. Colonies based on settlement are the most developed today

d. Colonies based on settlement are the most developed today

The process through which a new democratic order becomes institutionalized is called _________. a. Direct Democracy b. Transition c. Democratization d. Consolidation

d. Consolidation

What is it called when there is a formal, established relationship between certain interest groups and state power? a. Capitalism b. Pluralism c. Cronyism d. Corporatism

d. Corporatism

The most plausible explanation for variations in development of South Korea and North Korea is probably which of the following: a. Differences in geography b. Differences in long-run cultural heritage c. Differences in religion and natural resources d. Differences in economic and political institutions

d. Differences in economic and political institutions

A multiparty system with many small parties would be considered ____________. a. Concentrated b. Bloated c. Democratic d. Fragmented

d. Fragmented

Which of the following polities could be considered an example of a theocracy? a. The United States b. Brazil c. Russia d. Iran

d. Iran

Who did not contribute to "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development" theory? a. David M. Thompson b. Daron Acemoglu c. Simon Johnson d. James A. Robinson

d. James A. Robinson

Which of the following scholars argues that religious differences amount for a good deal of the difference in development outcomes? a. Jared Diamond b. Neil Armstrong c. Mancur Olson d. Max Weber

d. Max Weber

Which of the following countries was not considered an "Asian Tiger"? a. Taiwan b. South Korea c. Singapore d. Nepal

d. Nepal

A system in which people have relative freedoms to voice their grievances but no right to elect their government officials would be considered: a. Democratic b. Theocratic c. Socialist d. Non-democratic

d. Non-democratic

Which of the following statements about poverty is true? a. Everyone agrees about how to conceptualize poverty. b. Everyone agrees about how to operationalize poverty. c. There is no way to conceptualize poverty. d. None of the above

d. None of the above

The most used common distinction between definitions of democracy is between __________ and __________ definitions. a. Provisional, supportive b. Qualitative, quantitative c. Normative, theoretical d. Procedural, substantive

d. Procedural, substantive

Which scholar is noted for his critique on the oligarchic nature of political parties? a. David St. Hubbins b. Robert Nozick c. Michael Moore d. Robert Michels

d. Robert Michels

Which country is an example of a poorly institutionalized party system with authoritarian tendencies? a. Italy b. Brazil c. China d. Russia

d. Russia

Which of the following polities is sometimes considered a good example of a "competitive authoritarian" regime? a. The United States b. North Korea c. Brazil d. Russia

d. Russia

Referring to the link between gender and development, which of the following countries would be considered the least developed? a. China b. Cuba c. Germany d. Saudi Arabia

d. Saudi Arabia

Which of the following is false about South Africa under apartheid? a. Major inequalities in the economy existed b. Blacks had severely restricted political rights c. Education systems for blacks were inferior d. South Africa had lower average social indicators than most other African countries

d. South Africa had lower average social indicators than most other African countries

29) Which of the following is considered a geographical advantage for development, according to Jared Diamond? a. Access to horses b. Access to zebras c. High temperatures d. Temperature control mechanisms

d. Temperature control mechanisms

During what period in the twentieth century did major international powers focus more on security around the world than on the promotion of democracy? a. The Great Depression b. The Gilded Age c. The Civil Rights era d. The Cold War

d. The Cold War

Which of the following is not a bases of variation between types of authoritarian regimes? a. The degree to which the regime centers on an individual b. The degree to which the regime expounds an overarching ideology c. The degree to which the regime constrains or violates human rights d. The degree to which the regime expands its territorial influence

d. The degree to which the regime expands its territorial influence

What is the main way that interest groups influence policy? a. Through boycott b. Through campaign donations c. Through private fundraising d. Through lobbying

d. Through lobbying