Compare and Contrast Science

Atom Vs. Ion

Atom- smallest piece of an element ; contains subatomic particles: proton neutron and electron Ion- Atom with a charge (+,-) ; lost or gained electrons Differences- one has a charge and not a set amount of electrons Similarities- both a form of an atom both have protons neutrons and electrons Examples Atom: C_6^12 Ion: 〖Na〗^+ 〖Cl〗^-

Accuracy Vs. Precision

• Accuracy- refers to how close your measurement is to the acual value • Precision- refers to how close your measurements are to each other • Differences- one is how close to the target while the other is how close too each other. If you have high precision but low accuracy this could mean there is a strong bias. • Similarities- both are terms used when dealing with results. • Examples

Active Transport Vs. Diffusion

• Active Transport-movement of particles from low to high • Diffusion- the net movement of partcles from an area of high to low concentration • Differences- active transport needs excess energy in the form of atp to alter the proteins because theyre moving from low concentration to high. The opposite of diffusion • Similarities- both moving particles • Examples-

4. Animal Cells Vs. Plant Cells

• Animal Cell is typically the eukaryotic cell of an animal • Plant Cell is a cell that is functional to a plant • Differences: o Plant Cells have chloroplasts unlike animal cells o Plant Cells have a cell wall unlike animal cells o Animal Cells have several vacuoles while plant cells have one central vacuole o When a plant cell is put in an isotonic substance it wilts however when an animal cell is put in an isotonic substance no change occurs. • Similarities: o They have many of the same organelles such as golgi apparatus, nucleus, cytoplasm, etc. • Examples

Cohesion Vs. Adhesion

• Cohesion- tendency for like molecules to stick together • Adhesion- tendency for unlike molecules to stick together • Differences- one is how unlike molecules will stick together the other is how like molecules to stick together. • Similarities- the tendency of stickiness • Examples

Dehydration Reaction Vs. Hydrolysis Reaction

• Dehydration Reaction- each time a monomer is added to a polymer chain a h2o molecule is released • Hydrolysis Reaction- break down of polymers by adding H2O • Differences- One is adding H2O and the other is loosing H2O • Similarities- they both use water and are affecting the polymer chain. • Examples

Divergent and convergent plate boundaries

• Divergent when oceanic plates move apart forming mid ocean ridges • Convergent is when they come together if its oceanic and continental one goes under the other convergent and convergent crash and form mountains that become volcanos • Differences- one is coming together the other is coming apart. • Similarities- they all use wither oceanic plates of continental plates. • Examples

5. Endocytosis Vs. Exocytosis

• Endocytosis- Transportation of large stuff into cell • Exocytosis- Transportation of large stuff out of cell • Differences- one transports things into the cell while the other transports things out • Similarities- They both transport the same things • Examples-

Catalyst Vs. Enzyme

• Enzyme- lowers the activation energy and reaction can proceed at normal temperatures. • Catalyst- speeds up chemical reactions in cellular reaction • Differences- enzymes are in organisms and are a protein while catalysts are in cellular reactions and aren't a protein. • Similarities- both speed up the reaction. • Examples: o Catalyst- Manganese dioxide, used to decompose Hydrogen Peroxide to Oxygen and Water. o Enzyme- lactase, catalase, amylase

Fat Vs. Steroid

• Fat- energy stored, insulation, cushioning structure. • Steroid- a lipid molecule in which the carbon skeleton forms 4-fused rings • Differences- Fat is made up of 3 fatty acid chains and 3 carbon molecules called glycerol while a steroid is made up of 4 fused rings. The rings determine the function • Similarities- they're both lipids • Examples o Fats: Saturated fats, unsaturated fats o Steroids: Testosterone, Estrogen

Haploid Vs. Diploid

• Haploid- has half the set of chromosomes • Diploid- has a full set of chromosomes • Differences- one has half, location in the mitosis meiosis cycle • Similarities- both are in regards to the number of chromosomes • Examples o Diploid- 46 chromosomes for humans o Haploid- gametes

Homogeneous Mixture Vs. Heterogeneous Mixture

• Homogeneous- a mixture that is uniform in appearance throughout and is entirely liquid or gas. • Heterogeneous- a mixture that is not uniform in appearance and there are visual differences. • Differences- One you can see the material in the other you cant • Similarities- both mixtures • Examples

2. Ionic Bonds Vs. Covalent Bonds

• Ionic bonds are bonds that are formed between two atoms through loosing or gaining an electron. • Covalent bonds involve atoms that share electrons • Differences- Covalent Bonds do not lose of gain electrons unlike Ionic Bonds. Also Ionic Bonds usually occur between a non metal and a metal while a covalent bond usually occurs between two non metals. • Similarities- the only similarities are they are both used to fulfill electron requirements. • Examples- NaCl is an ionic bond. H2O is a covalent bond

8. Meiosis 1 Vs. Meiosis 2

• Meiosis 1- homologous chromosomes are separated • Meiosis 2- sister chromatids are separated (identical to mitosis) • Differences- meiosis 1 starts diploid and becomes haploid meiosis 2 is always haploid. Crossing over occurs in meiosis 1 but not in meiosis 2. Meiosis 1 develops 2 haploid daughter cells that are genetically different meiosis 2 develops 4 haploid non identical daughter cells. • Similarities- both produce non identical daughter cells. Both have prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. • Examples-

7. Metaphase 1 Vs. Metaphase 2

• Metaphase 1- the phase of meiosis 1 when tetrads line up in the middle of the cell • Metaphase 2- the phase of meiosis 2 when chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. • Differences- In different stages of Meiosis. Tetrads are used in metaphase 1 while chromosomes are used in metaphase 2. Metaphase 1 is diploid metaphase 2 is haploid. • Similarities- both line up in the middle of the cell

6. Mitosis Vs. Meiosis

• Mitosis- The nucleus and duplicated chromosomes divide and are equally distributed into 2 daughter nuclei. • Meiosis- the production of gametes • Differences- Mitosis is cell division ending up with 2 identical each with both pairs of every gene while Meiosis a two step process, and the four cells that remain each have half the normal cells. • Similarities- Both have cytokinesis that occurs during telophase. Both use spindle fibers (microtubules) to separate the chromatids from each other. • Examples-

Monomer Vs. Polymer

• Monomers- small molecular units • Polymer- usually referred to as polymer chains are just long chains of monomers • Differences- completely different measurements ones small while the other is much longer • Similarities- These two things go hand in hand you cant have polymer chains without monomers

Monosaccharide Vs. Polysaccharide

• Monosaccharide- contains just one sugar unit, found in sweets and is fuel for cellular work such as cellular respiration • Polysaccharide- long polymer made up of simple sugars • Differences- One is just many of the other • Similarities these two things also go hand in hand. A polysaccharide is many monosaccharides just like a polymer is many monomers. • Examples o Monosaccharide- glucose, fructose o Polysaccharide- Starch, Glycogen, and Cellulose

9. Oceanic Crust Vs. Continental Crust

• Oceanic- crust under the ocean • Continental- crust on land • Differences o Oceanic crust- dense, thin, less buoyant, (7mi), made up of basalt-hardened lave, created at mid ocean ridges. o Continental crust- less dense, thick, buoyant, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock, and granitic rock • Similarities- both make up the earth. 10.

Prokaryotic Vs. Eukaryotic

• Prokaryotic- a cell that lacks a nucleus and most organelles • Eukaryotic- a cell that has a nucleus and all organelles • Differences- A prokaryotic cell is very small (1-10mm). A eukaryotic cell is larger (10-100). A prokaryotic cell is a single celled organism while a eukaryotic is not. • Similarities- the both carry DNA, both cells. • Examples- o Prokaryotic- bacteria o Eukaryotic- animals, plants, protists, fungi

Prophase Vs. Telophase

• Prophase- where centrosomes are formed using sister chromatids connected by a centromere also the spindle forms and the nuclear envelope dissolves • Telophase- prophase reversed; nuclear membrane reforms, spindle forms and chromosomes unravel and length • Differences- they are pretty much the opposite of each other. • Similarities- both part of the mitosis process both involve a spindle and nuclear membrane • examples

Proton Vs. Electron

• Proton- a positively charged part of an atom • Electron- a negatively charged part of an atom • Differences- ones negative and ones positive • Similarities- they both are part of an atom. An atom has the same number of electrons as it does protons. • Examples

Quantitative Data Vs. Qualitative Data

• Quantitative- is based on how much data you have • Qualitative- is based on how informative your data is • Differences- when you have qualitative data you don't need a lot because it gives all the information you need in a small amount of tests. When you have quantitative you need a lot to show variation because there isn't much information in each test. Certain experiments need different ones. • Similarities- they are both a term used to describe data. A good technic to know you have good data if you use both system hand and hand.

Saturated Fat Vs. Unsaturated Fat Saturated Fat Vs. Unsaturated Fat

• Saturated- all 3 fatty acid chains contain the max possible # of hydrogen atoms • Unsaturated- Contains less the then the maximum # of hydrogen atoms in one or more of the chains. • Differences- in Saturated Fats all of the carbon atoms form a single bond with each other. In Unsaturated Fats some carbon atoms for double bonds. Saturated fats can lead to build up of plaque in arteries • Similarities- They both are lipids and have 3 fatty acid chains • Examples o Saturated- solid at room temperature such as butter lard and animal fat o Unsaturated- fats in fruits and veggies

Sexual Vs. Asexual

• Sexual- 2 parents involved in production of offspring • Asexual- simple cell division • Differences- sexual requires two parents while asexual only requires one. In sexual genetic material combine to form genetically different offspring. In asexual reproduction the split cell in identical to the parent. • Similarities- both forms of reproduction • Examples o Sexual- most multi-celled organisms, animals and humans o Asexual- single celled organisms, paramecium

1. Solution Vs. Mixture

• Solution- molecules of one substance are evenly dispersed among molecules of another • Mixture- a combination of 2 or more substances that are not chemically bonded and not in fixed proportions • Differences- a mixture is not necessarily evenly dispersed. Mixtures can be separated physically. While, in a solution the particles will stay in solution indefinitely unless change occurs (ex. Temp, evaporation, pressure). Mixtures are not chemically bonded. But, a solution is. • Similarities- on certain occasions a mixture and a solution can be very similar in appearance. A homogeneous mixture is uniform in appearance throughout, alike a solution. • Example of Mixture: Saw dust in water Example of Solution: Sugar dissolved in water

Starch Vs. Glycogen Vs. Cellulose

• Starch- made of glucose monomers, found in plant cells, chains coil in to loops • Glycogen- this is how animals store excess sugars, chains of glucose- branching, stored in liver and muscle cells in the form of granules • Cellulose- plant building materials, protects and stiffins plant cells, chains linked together • Differences- all used for different things • Similarities- all polysaccharides • Examples o Starch- potatoes, rice, corn

3. Temperature Vs. Heat

• Temperature- measures the degree of molecular motion • Heat- total energy of molecular motion in a substance. • Differences- temperature is just the way they measure heat. • Similarities- more heat usually results in more temperature. • Examples-