Comprehensive Exam 278-300

292. If you turn on a floor fan, an infant will orient toward the sound. After a while, he/she will appear to lose interest in the spinning blades. The phenomenon underlying the loss of interest is known as: a. Habituation b. Discrimination c. Generalization d. Maturation

a. Habituation

280. Type 1 Diabetes: a. Is usually diagnosed in children and teens. b Is usually diagnosed in adults over 40. c. Can be managed with diet and exercise. d. Is associated with obesity.

a. Is usually diagnosed in children and teens.

294.The basic units of sound in a given language are called: a. Phonemes b. Pragmatics c. Semantics d.Morphemes

a. Phonemes

284.Eligibility determinations for this classification category require individual written agreement (or dissent) by each member of the multidisciplinary team: a. Specific learning disability. b. Other health impairment. c. Intellectual disability. d. Emotional disturbance.

a. Specific learning disability.

299. Which BEST exemplifies the concept of brain plasticity? a. The fact that the brain changes in response to experience. b. The fact that a rat brain has the same basic components as a human brain. c. The fact that, as the result of hormonal differences, the male brain is smaller than the female brain. d. The fact that the brain is built on a plan that is genetically determined.

a. The fact that the brain changes in response to experience.

291. What is the MOST important factor in determining what crosses the "placental barrier"? a. The size of the molecule. b. The age of the fetus. c. The shape of the molecule. d. The age of the mother.

a. The size of the molecule.

296. Prosocial behavior is defined as: a. Any act that makes a person feel better. b. A positive social act reflecting a concern for others. c. An act intended to do good, but which actually results in harm to the person at which the act is aimed. d. The vicarious experiencing of another person's emotions.

b. A positive social act reflecting a concern for others.

293. Piaget stated that adaptation involves the two major processes of: a. Accommodation and symbolic thinking. b. Assimilation and accommodation. c. Assimilation and organization. d. Organization and equilibration.

b. Assimilation and accommodation.

300. Counselors use Bronfenbrenner's model most explicitly in their work with clients when they: a. Recognize the primary importance of genetic influences on behavior. b. Consider multiple levels of influence on the individual and select interventions that are targeted to multiple levels. c. Pay close attention to the stage of development that characterizes the client. d. Understand that client's developmental tasks must be met in each stage of development.

b. Consider multiple levels of influence on the individual and select interventions that are targeted to multiple levels.

298. Difficult temperament is characterized by: a. Low irritability and negative reactions to change in routine. b. High irritability and negative reactions to change in routine. c. Low irritability and positive reactions to change in routine. d. High irritability and positive reactions to change in routine.

b. High irritability and negative reactions to change in routine.

281. Students with illnesses such as HIV/AIDS, Diabetes, Asthma, or Sickle Cell Disease who require special education services are most likely to be eligible under which IDEA category: a. Specific learning disability. b. Other health impairment. c. Traumatic brain injury. d. Orthopedic impairment.

b. Other health impairment.

279. How many seizures must occur for a person to be considered to have epilepsy? a. One. b. Two or more. c. Four or more. d. More than five.

b. Two or more.

290. Using Erikson's developmental theory as a framework, which of the following statements is an accurate representation of his ideas? a. An individual cannot progress to a later stage unless the earlier stage has been resolved successfully and completely. b. Successful progression through the stages of development depends upon effective resolution of the Oedipal crisis. c. . Successful resolution of a crisis at any stage depends upon having more positive than negative experiences in the psychosocial area of major concern. d. Highly intelligent individuals can skip specific stages and make progress at a faster rate than other people.

c. . Successful resolution of a crisis at any stage depends upon having more positive than negative experiences in the psychosocial area of major concern.

282. Which of the following is NOT true for students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder? a. ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder. b. ADHD is more common among males. c. ADHD is an IDEA classification category. d. ADHD risk has a hereditary component

c. ADHD is an IDEA classification category.

289. Stage theories of development typically describe changes in behavior, cognition, or some other area of development that are _____________ different from each other at each of the various stages. a. Quantitatively b. Incrementally c. Qualitatively d. Cumulatively

c. Qualitatively

288. Of the IDEA disability categories, this is the MOST frequently identified classification: a. Emotional disturbance. b. Intellectual disability. c. Specific learning disability. d. Autism.

c. Specific learning disability.

286. Reading fluency refers to: a. The ability to sound out individual words. b. Understand what is read. c. The ability to read with speed and accuracy. d. None of the above.

c. The ability to read with speed and accuracy.

285. Theories of development differ from opinion primarily because: a. They provide a complete picture of development. b. They have been proven to be true by their developers. c. They have been based on scientific research. d. They are more abstract than opinions about development.

c. They have been based on scientific research.

297. Highly aggressive youth tend to a. Belong to groups in which bullying is seen as a punishable offense. b. Consider many reactions (including passive ones) before acting aggressively. c. Be highly accepted by most of their age peers. d. Believe that their aggressive acts will produce positive consequences.

d. Believe that their aggressive acts will produce positive consequences.

283. Individuals with ADHD have an increased risk of: Specific learning disability. Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Intellectual disability. d. Both A and B.

d. Both A and B.

278. The main focus of an IEP for a student with Autism Spectrum Disorder should address: a. Math instruction. b. Communication skills. c. Social skills. d. Both B and C.

d. Both B and C.

287. Of the following, students with specific learning disabilities are most likely to have deficits in this area of academic performance: a. Mathematics. b. Oral expression. c. Listening comprehension. d. Reading.

d. Reading.

295. Why are internal working models important in the attachment process? a. They are one of the few known genetic components of attachments. b. They are the only anti-conformity element of an attachment. c. They are the key behavioral component of attachments. d. They are a key mechanism that allows early experience to impact later behavior.

d. They are a key mechanism that allows early experience to impact later behavior.