Comprehensive Test #1 Study Guide
The steps of the scientific method are:
1) Question 2) Research 3) Hypothesis 4) Experiment 5) Analyze Data 6) Conclusion
Organ
A group of tissues working together to perform a similar function.
Law
A principle or rule of nature that occurs under certain conditions. A law describes what happens. A law is always true, everywhere and all the time.
What is a constant?
A variable that is kept the same.
Theory
A well-supported, widely accepted explanation. It explains why it happens.
Organism
Any living thing with one or more cells.
Levels of cellular organization
Atoms, Molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
How do you smell chemicals?
By wafting
Independent variables
Changed by the scientist (What scientist is doing).
DNA
DNA is found in the nucleus
Liquids
Definite volume, no definite shape
Lysosomes
Digests and break down things.
Solids
Have a definite shape and a definite volume
Independent Variable (IV) and Dependent Variable (DV)
If IV then DV ... If I do this (IV) then this will happen (DV).... If I eat vegetables (IV) it will lower my cholesterol (DV). If I study (IV) for my math test then I will earn an A.
What is something that makes an experiment reliable.
If a scientist gets the same results multiple times on an experiment.
Ribosomes
Make proteins
Difference between mass and weight
Mass does not change based on location, while weight does. Mass measures matter and weight measures the force of gravity. Your mass on Earth is the same on the moon. However, your weight on Earth is different from your weight on the moon. Gravity on the moon is less than gravity on Earth
Mass
Measure in grams.
Force
Measured in Newtons
Electrons
Negative charge
Neutrons
No charge
Dependent variable
Observed or measured (Scientist results).
Solid particles
Particles are close together.
Types of scientific models
Physical model, computer code, and mathematical models.
Protons
Positive charge
Mitochondria
Releases energy (ATP) that supports all cell activities.
John was mixing a batch of glue and borax solution to make silly putty and discovered a new substance that glows in the dark. He gave Ryan his specific amounts of ingredients and the steps of his procedure. What did John ask Ryan to do?
Replication
A student wishes to test the hypothesis that adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing point of the water. What is the dependent variable?
The dependent variable is temperature at which the water/antifreeze mixture freezes.
You are doing an experiment where you want to see what amount of fertilizer is the best for the mass of your plant. What would the dependent variable be?
The dependent variable would be the mass of the plant.
Aphids are eating Jan's Peace roses. She wants to test some household chemicals to see if they will kill the aphids. She used bleach, ammonia, and dishwashing liquid in equal amounts. She will evaluate the aphid population after one week to see which chemical killed the most aphids. What is the independent variable?
The independent variable is the kind of chemicals used.
A farmer wants to test different chemicals in fertilizers to see how it affects plant growth.
The independent variable would be the chemicals in the fertilizer. The dependent variable would be plant growth.
Atomic number
The number of protons in an atom
How are elements pure substances?
They only have one type of atom.
Tissue
This is a group of cells with similar structure or function.
Body Systems
This is a group of interdependent organs with similar function.
Cell
This is the structural and functional unit of all living organisms and are sometimes called the "building blocks of life.
Why do scientists repeat experiments?
To ensure that the results are consistent and repeatable.
What is a control?
Used only for comparison and is not being tested.
What is replication?
When SOMEONE ELSE does the experiment.
What is repetition?
When YOU do the experiment over and over.
How to read a tile on the periodic table. Ex. Sodium
atomic number = 11 atomic mass = 22.99 or 23 protons = 11 electrons = 11 neutrons = 12 (23-11)
What are the three C's in plant cells?
cell wall, chloroplast, chlorophyll
Length
measured in meters
Volume
measured in milliliters or centimeters cubed
