Computer Networks
A _______ document is a fixed-content document that is created and stored in a server. The client can get a copy of the document only.
static
A ______ packet is a special packet that can be sent from a router to the sender when the router encounters a congestion.
choke
In _________, the message is first divided into manageable packets before being sent.
circuit-switching
In _________, the whole packet is sent from the source to the destination without being divided into packets.
circuit-switching
Active documents are sometimes referred to as _________ dynamic documents.
client-site
A _______ is a program requesting services from a _______ .
client; server
______ control in a network means handling a situation in which too many packets are present in an area of the Internet.
congestion
In a _______ service, there is a relation between all packets belonging to a message.
connection-oriented
Communication using TCP is usually____________.
connection-oriented, concurrent
When the Internet started, it was decided to make the network layer a _______ service to make it simple.
connectionless
Communication using UDP is usually____________.
connectionless,iterative
The_________ layer is responsible for the delivery of a message from one process to another.
transport
In the OSI model, which layer functions as a liaison between user support layers and network support layers?
transport layer
In the OSI model... which layer functions as a liaison between user support layers and network support layers?
transport layer
When the sender and the receiver of an email are on the same system, we need only ___________.
two UAs
When the sender and the receiver of an email are on different systems, we need only _____________.
two UAs and one pair of MTAs
When the sender is connected to the mail server via a LAN or a WAN, we need only ______________.
two UAs and two pairs of MTAs
When both sender and receiver are connected to a mail server via a LAN or a WAN, we need ___________________.
two UAs, two pairs of MTAs, and a pair of MAAs
The _________ is a standard for specifying any kind of information on the Internet.
URL
A _______ document is created by a Web server whenever a browser requests the document.
dynamic
_________ control means including a mechanism for detecting corrupted, lost, or duplicate packets.
error
SONET is a standard for _______ networks.
fiber-optic cable
_________ control means regulating the amount of data a source can send without overwhelming the destination.
flow
In a URL, the ______ is the computer on which the information is located.
host
Information in a computer is stored in __________ byte order.
host
An interface is a set of ___________ designed to facilitate interaction between two entities.
instructions
In a connection-oriented service, each packet is forwarded based on the ________.
label
In __________ representation, the least significant byte is stored in the starting address.
little-endian
When a host on network A sends a message to a host on network B which address does the router look at?
logical
Network programming needs information to be in __________ byte order.
network
The ______ layer adds a header to the packet coming from the upper layer that includes the logical addresses of the sender and receiver.
network
In a ___________ connection, one TCP connection is made for each request/response.
nonpersistent
In an ESS the _______ station is mobile.
BSS
Which of the following can be an Ethernet physical address?
07:01:02:01:2C:4B
A port address in TCP/IP is ______ bits long.
16
Ethernet uses a ______ physical address that is imprinted on the network interface card (NIC).
6-byte
How many layers does the OSI model consist of?
7
________ provides service to the user to make the process of sending and receiving a message easier.
A UA
________ server can process multiple requests at a time.
A concurrent
The IP protocol uses the _______ sublayer.
AAL5
_______ has a higher transmission rate in the downstream direction than in the upstream direction.
ADSL
In an ESS the _______ stations are part of a wired LAN.
AP
Which layer has a 53-byte cell as an end product?
ATM
In the OSI model... which of the following is an application layer service?
All of the choices are correct
________ server can process only one request at a time.
An iterative
___________ is a technology that creates and handles dynamic documents.
CGI
The HTTP request line contains a _______ method to request a document from the server.
GET
______ was designed as an alternative to the T-1 line.
HDSL
The HTTP request line contains a _______ method to get information about a document without retrieving the document itself.
HEAD
_____________ is a language for creating Web pages.
HTML
Which of the following is present in both an HTTP request line and a status line?
HTTP version number
One way to create an active document is to use __________.
Java applets.
A ________ is part of a local hard drive, a special file with permission restrictions.
None of the choices are correct
In HTTP, the first line in a request message is called a _______ line; the first line in the response message is called the ________ line.
None of the choices are correct
In a URL, an optional ________ can be inserted between the host and the path, and it is separated from the host by a colon.
None of the choices are correct
SOCK_RAW sockets are used by ______ processes.
None of the choices are correct
The Internetworking Protocol (IP) is a ________ protocol.
None of the choices are correct
The _______ model shows how the network functions of a computer ought to be organized.
OSI
Which model shows how the network functions of a computer ought to be organized?
OSI
A user needs to send the server some information. The request line method is _______.
POST
SOCK_SEQPACKET sockets are used by ______ processes.
SCTP
_______ is suitable for businesses that require comparable upstream and downstream data rates.
SDSL
SONET is an acronym for _______ Network.
Synchronous Optical
HTTP uses the services of _________ on well-known port 80.
TCP
SOCK_STREAM sockets are used by ______ processes.
TCP
__________ provides full transport layer services to applications.
TCP
_________ is a repository of information linked together from points all over the world.
The WWW
SOCK_DGRAM sockets are used by ______ processes.
UDP
An HTTP request message always contains _______.
a request line and a header
A response message always contains _______.
a status line and a header
For many applications, we need a program or a script to be run at the client site. These are called _______________ documents.
active
Which of the following services is not provided by a UA?
all are
An applet is _______ document application program.
an active
In __________ representation, the most significant byte is stored in the starting address.
big-endian
The physical layer is concerned with the movement of _______ over the physical medium.
bits
The ______ layer is responsible for moving frames from one hop (node) to the next.
data link
In a connectionless service, each packet is forwarded based on the ________.
destination address
The WWW today is a _______ client-server service, in which a client using a browser can access a service using a server.
distributed
In a URL, the _______ is the full name of the file where the information is located.
path
In a ___________connection, the server leaves the connection open for more requests after sending a response.
persistent
A bridge has access to the _______ address of a station on the same network.
physical
Repeaters function in the _______ layer.
physical
The ________ address. also known as the link address... is the address of a node as defined by its LAN or WAN.
physical
Bridges function in the _______ layers.
physical and data link
PPP is a _______ layer protocol.
physical and data link
Frame Relay operates in the _______.
physical and data link layers
Which layer is concerned with the movement of bits over the physical medium?
physical layer
Routers function in the _______ layers.
physical, data link, and network
In the OSI model... encryption and decryption are functions of the ________ layer.
presentation
In the OSI model... what is the main function of the transport layer?.
process-to-process message delivery
In a URL, the _______ is the client-server program used to retrieve the document.
protocol
In HTTP, a _______ server is a computer that keeps copies of responses to recent requests.
proxy
In the OSI model, as a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers, headers are _______
removed
In the OSI model... as a data packet moves from the lower to the upper layers... headers are _______.
removed
Dynamic documents are sometimes referred to as _________ dynamic documents.
server-site
A _______ is a program providing services to the ______ program.
server; client
In the OSI model, when data is transmitted from device A to device B, the header from A's layer 5 is read by B's _______ layer.
session
In the OSI model... when data is transmitted from device A to device B... the header from A's layer 5 is read by B's _______ layer.
session
The OSI model consists of _______ layers.
seven
Why was the OSI model developed?
standards were needed to allow any two systems to communicate