Computers Chapter 9: Operating Systems

UNIX

A multitasking OS developed in the early 1970s by scientists at Bell Labs

Desktop

A personal computer designed to be in a stationary location where all of its components fit in or under a desk or table

Linux

A popular multitasking UNIX based operating system that runs on a variety of personal computers, servers, and devices

Driver

A small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with a specific device

Username

A unique combo of characters, such as letters of the alphabet and/ or numbers that identifies a user.

What is a GUI?

An interface that you interact with menus and visual images by touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking buttons and other objects to issue commands

Android

An open sourced, LINUX-based mobile operating system designed by Google for smartphones and tablets

With an operating system, ______can include fixing program errors, improving program functionality, expanding program features, enhancing security, and modifying device drivers

Automatic updates

A ______ is the set of conditions used to measure the performance of hardware or software.

Benchmark

Spooling is the process that sends documents to be printed to a ______ instead of sending them immediately to the printer.

Buffer

Platform

Cloud computing service that allows developers to create, test, and run their solutions on a cloud platform without having to purchase or configure the underlying hardware or software

Some people use the term ______ to refer to the process of starting a computer or mobile device from a state when it is powered off completely

Cold Boot

In a ___, a user types command represented by shot keywords or abbreviations or presses special keys on the keyboard to enter data and instructions.

Command-Line Interface

To configure devices, manage system resources, automate system management tasks, and troubleshoot network connections, network administrators work with a ______.

Command-Line interface

A ___ appilcation is an application that runs the same on multiple operating sytems

Cross-Platform

A(n) ______ program is one that runs only on a specific type or make of a computer or mobile device.

Device-Dependent

With ___, the operating system allocates a portion of a storage medium to function as additional RAM.

Digital Memory

Bug

Error in a program

True or false? Operating systems provide vastly different functions, depending on the size of the computer or mobile device.

False The provide similar functions and do not depend on size.

True or false? Linux is a proprietary software.

False. Linux is NOT proprietary software

True or false? CLIENT operating systems cannot operate without a network.

False. Server operating systems cannot operate without a network. What operating system can operate without a network?

True or false? Most users today work with a command-line interface.

False. Graphical user interface.

True or false? The kernel is nonresident, which means it remains in memory while the computer or mobile device is running

False. The kernel is memory resident, which means it remains in memory while the computer or mobile device is running

Apple's Macintosh OS has earned a reputation for its ease of use and has been the model for most of the new ______ developed for non-Macintosh systems

GUIs

What does GUI stand for?

Graphical User Interface

Placing a computer in ___ mode saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the computer or device.

Hibernate

______ mode saves any open documents and running programs or apps to an internal hard drive before removing power from the computer or device.

Hibernate mode

Nonresident

Instructions that remain on a storage medium until they are needed, at which time they are transferred into memory (RAM).

The ___ is the core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources.

Kernal

The ______ is the core of an operating system that manages memory and devices, maintains the internal clock, runs programs, and assigns the resources.

Kernal

Thrashing

Occurs when an Operating system spends much of its time paging, instead of executing application software

An) ________ is a set of programs that coordinate all the activities among computer or mobile device hardware.

Operating System

Whether on a desktop or mobile device, a(n) ______ has the same role- to manage operations and provide a user interface.

Operating System

Multiuser

Operating system that allows two or more users to run programs simultaneously

The technique of swapping items between memory and storage is called ___.

Paging

A ______ is a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices

Performance monitor

The operating system that a computer uses sometimes is called the ___.

Platform

The operating system that a computer uses sometimes is called the ______.

Platform

Cold boot

Process of starting a computer or mobile device from a state when it is powered off completely

Warm Boot

Process of starting a mobile device or computer while it is powered on.

Multiple documents line up in a ______ in the buffer.

Queue

Firmware

ROM Chips or flash-memory chips that store permanent instructions. such as a computer or mobile device's start-up instructions

In Windows, the ___ consist(s) of tabs, groups, and commands that provide access to tasks.

Ribbon

Buffer

Segment of memory or storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from an input device or to an output device

A ______ is a multiuser operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources over a network.

Server Operating System

A ___ is a multiuser operating system that organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network.e

Server operating system.

Command Language

Set of commands used to control actions performed in a command-line interface

Proprietary

Software that is privately owned and limited to a specific vendor or computer or device model.

Task

Something a computer does

A desktop operating system, sometimes called a(n) ______ operating system, is a complete operating system that works on desktops, laptops, and some tablets

Stand-Alone

Paging

Technique of swapping items between memory and storage

Page

The amount of data and instructions that can be swapped at a given time

Kernal

The core of an Operating System that manages memory and devices, maintains an internal clock, runs programs, and assigns resources such as devices, programs, apps, data, and information

Virtualization

The practice of sharing or pooling computing resources such as servers and storage devices

Booting

The process of starting or restarting a computer or mobile device

True or false? An administrator should use the administrator account on a limited basis because the OS is susceptible to spyware and malware attacks in this setting.

True

True or false? Each device connected to a computer requires its own specific driver.

True

True or false? Many of the first operating systems were proprietary and device dependant.

True

True or false? Most Operating systems today are multitasking.

True

True or false? Operating systems that function as both desktop and server operating systems sometimes are called multipurpose operating systems.

True

True or false? A user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen.

True.

True or false? If the Operating System is thrashing, you should first try to exit the program before attempting to reboot the computer.

True.

______ is a multitasking OPS developed in the early 1970s by scientists at Bell Laboratories.

UNIX

A(n) ______ tool removes a program or app, as well as any associated entries in the system files

Uninstaller tool

With ______, the operating system allocates a portion of a storage medium, such as the hard disk or USB flash drive, to function as additional RAM.

Virtual Memory

Examples of products that use ______ operating systems include digital cameras, ATMs, digital photo frames, HDTV receivers, fuel pumps, ticket machines, process controllers, robotics, and automobile components.

What kinds of devices use EMBEDDED operating systems?

The process of starting or restarting a computer or mobile device is called ______.

booting

Administrators can specify that data be ______ as it travels over a network to prevent unauthorized users from reading the data.

encrypted

When a computer is running multiple programs concurrently, the one in the ______ is the active program, that is, the one you are currently using.

foreground

______ is an open source, Linux-based mobile operating system specifically made for Apple's mobile devices.

iOS