Concept 6 - Young Adulthood
What age group has the highest rate of testicular cancer?
17 - 35 year old men (#9, #10)
Define Young Adulthood
20 and 40 years of age (early adulthood) (#8)
Name 4 developmental tasks of young adulthood
Achieve the tasks of becoming self-supportive, acquiring independence, developing intimate relationships, and establishing a stable family and lifestyle (#4)
What kind of examination is encouraged for sexually active young women?
Annual Papanicolaou (Pap) smears, because human papillomavirus (HPV) is also known to be a cause of cervical cancer, and both Pap and HPV tests are done at the same time. (#11)
What should a young adult be accomplishing?
Develop secure sense of self
What are the 7 signs of Intimate partner violence?
Erratic prenatal care, Erratic child health-care appointments, Bruises and lacerations in various stages of healing, Self blame for marital or relationship problems, History of alcohol or drug abuse in partner, History of abuse as a child (cycle of violence), History of minor battering incidents (#12)
What other types of exercises should young adults participate in?
Exercises involving balance and coordination
Name 3 classes that can prepare a young adult for the transition to adulthood
Family-life classes, Parenting Classes, Money-management Workshops
What two body parts are also at their peak capacity during young adulthood?
Heart and lungs
Name the three ways a woman should examine the breasts
In front of a mirror, lying down, and in the shower (#11)
Explain the 4 steps of a breast self-examination in front of the mirror
Inspect your breasts in four steps:1. With arms at your sides.2. With arms over your head.3. With your hands on your hips, pressing them firmly to flex your chest muscles.4. While bending forward. Note any change in shape or appearance of your breasts, and note skin or nipple changes such as dimpling of the skin. Squeeze each nipple gently to identify any discharge. (#11)
What is the primary developmental task of young adulthood according to Erikson?
Intimacy versus Isolation (#4)
What is IPV?
Intimate partner violence which is also known as domestic violence (#12)
What can contribute to stress and the potential development of depression or anxiety in young adult women?
Multiple roles (such as mom, having a full time job, caring for elderly parents, etc) (#12)
Name 3 physical aspects that typically peak between the ages of 20 and 30
Physical health, motor coordination, and physiological performance
Explain how to do a breast self-examination lying down
Place a small pillow under your right shoulder and put your right hand under your head while you examine your right breast with your left hand. Use the sensitive pads of your fingers to press gently into the breast tissue. Use a systematic pattern to check the entire breast tissue. One pattern is to feel the tissue in a circular pattern, spiraling inward toward the nipple. Another method is to use an up-and-down pattern. Use the same systematic pattern to examine the underarm area, because breast tissue is also present here. Repeat for the other breast. (#11)
Name 7 health issues that affect women?
Prenatal care, Ectopic pregnancy, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Sexually transmitted diseases, Hysterectomy, Annual Papanicoluaou (Pap) smears, Breast Self-Examination (#11)
Explain how to do a breast self-examination in the shower
Raise your right arm. Use your soapy fingers to feel the breast tissue in the same systematic pattern described in the "Lying Down" section. (#11)
What are the major causes of PID?
Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (#11)
What has recent public education increased the awareness of the need for in young adult men?
Testicular self-examination (#9, #10)
What is the three-stage process?
The first stage is the stimulus stage, which involves initial impressions and awareness of characteristics that attract each partner in the couple to each other. The value-comparison stage follows and involves getting to know one another better. The role stage involves evaluating longterm compatibility and deciding on a long-term commitment.
What does postformal operational thought mean?
The process of integrating various points of view to develop knowledge and understanding (#4)
What kinds of clinics can women go to for health care needs?
Women's Health clinics and specialists (#12)
Do men tend to smoke and drink alcohol more often than women and if yes what does this contribute to?
Yes. It contributes to the development of many health problems. (#9)
What do women influence in regards to health in general?
a generation of children to practice good health habits and to choose healthy lifestyles
Partner choice is thought to be based on what?
a three-stage process
What does establishing intimacy involve in addition to a possible sexual relationship?
ability to develop a warm, trusting, honest relationship with another person (#4)
If relationships with parents in the early years did not produce a healthy, secure attachment, then what for the young adult?
achievement of a secure and stable intimacy with others in the young-adulthood phase of life may be more difficult or delayed. (#11)
What groups does IPV involve?
all ethnic, racial, socioeconomic, and educational levels of the population (#12)
How much moderately intense aerobic exercise should be performed every week in young adulthood?
at least 2.5 hours
When does the most proactive development of parental skills begin?
at the time conception is confirmed
What do colleges offer for young adults to help them achieve their educational goals?
career counseling and support services
What can human papillomavirus (HPV) cause?
cervical cancer (#11)
When should a woman do a breast self-examination if she is not menstruating?
choose any day that you can easily remember, such as the first day of each month (#11)
What are sexual behavior and expectations influenced by for the young adult?
culture, customs, and environment (#11)
What do some colleges have that help freshman students adjust to their new environments and adult responsibilities?
designed survival programs
Name the developmental tasks that occur during the young-adult years
developing a mature sense of right and wrong, successful separation from family control, initiating a preferred lifestyle, establishing friends and intimate relationships, deciding on marriage, pursuing career goals, and developing parenting skills.
When should a woman do a breast self-examination if she is menstruating and why?
do the examination 1 week after the beginning of your period, because your breasts are less tender at this time (#11)
When does marriage most often occur?
during the young-adult phase of the life cycle
What can encouraging breast self-examinations and mammograms at appropriate intervals lead to?
early detection and early intervention for breast cancer (#11)
Life experiences in an adult role or a college milieu can do what?
enhance the development of moral reasoning. (#4)
Levinson was a psychologist who described what?
four seasons of life - He believed that each season had a structure that is separated by transitional periods. During the structure period of young adulthood, significant choices such as a marriage partner and commitment to a career are made. During the following transitional phase, those choices are reviewed and reevaluated, and changes may be made. During one of the later transitional phases, individuals may reflect on past activities and may become unhappy because of missed opportunities or what they perceive as wrong choices. This may contribute to a midlife crisis experience.
What is the most common surgery performed on women during the reproductive years?
hysterectomy (#11)
What did Erikson describe as one of the major tasks of young adulthood?
intimacy (#4)
Identity and cognitive function have reached the level in young adulthood that allows what?
intimate sharing (#11)
How long did Piaget believe that the development of the formal operation of thinking extend to?
into adulthood (#4)
What can cause an ectopic pregnancy?
it can be the result of malformation of the fallopian tube or from damage caused by pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) (#11)
How does the developmental process from adolescence to adulthood most often happen?
it is a gradual one (For example some young adults live separate from parents and some do not. Some go to college and live at home and some do not. Some go away to college and come home during the summer. Some live at home after an economic crash or war.) (#8)
Name 3 major risk factors contributing to the mortality rate of pregnant women?
lack of prenatal care, inadequate knowledge of health needs, and poor nutrition (#11)
What can promoting healthy behaviors related to safe-sex practices during adolescence and young adulthood reduce?
maternal morbidity and mortality. (#11)
What might a lack of a clear sense of identity in a young adult contribute to?
may contribute to isolation (#4)
How often should a woman perform a breast self-examination?
monthly (#11)
What are the 2 major causes of death in young adulthood?
most often related to accidents or violence, both of which often are preventable
Do all adults achieve or desire marriage and family?
no
Do men have gender specific health-care providers like women?
no (#9)
Do students who plan to attend college usually participate in these preparatory courses?
no because their focus is on college prerequisite courses
What kind of partner is often selected?
partners who are similar to themselves
What is an ectopic pregnancy?
pregnancy in the fallopian tube instead of the uterus (#11)
What are individuals who have a well-developed postformal thought process able to do?
problem solve in general, including choosing between multiple-choice answers on a test. Therefore school performance may be best in the young-adult age group. (#4)
Name 5 abuses that domestic violence can include
psychological, physical, sexual, financial, and social abuses between intimate partners. The result is often social isolation and physical trauma. (#12)
Successful learning for adults always involves what?
relating the information they are learning to the appropriate developmental tasks they are experiencing
What is a hysterectomy?
removal of the uterus (#11)
The young adult's cognitive process involves realizing what?
that knowledge is the integration of multiple points of view (#4)
Kohlberg was a theorist who believed what regarding formal operational level of thought?
that the individual must be capable of the formal operational level of thought before achieving mature moral reasoning. (#4)
Taking responsibility for the care of others, handling the differing points of view of others, and understanding how their own actions affect others all contribute to what?
the development of mature moral reasoning. (#4)
When do the epiphyses of the long bones fuse by?
the early twenties
What have health and fitness clubs led to the improvement of for both men and women?
the health status for men and women
What does violent behavior against women contribute to?
the morbidity and mortality statistics of young adult women (#12)
How do young adults benefit from work-study courses?
they introduce young adults to the work environment and help them adapt to the work milieu
How should teaching techniques for young adults be?
they should be interactive, problem oriented, and related to daily psychosocial tasks at work, home, or school
Why might marriage be postponed?
to pursue higher education in college or to establish their career
Can healthy parenting styles be easily learned?
yes
Is muscular strength at its peak during young adulthood?
yes
Should young adults participate in muscle-strengthening activities?
yes
Do abortions that are performed outside an accredited facility often have negative outcomes?
yes (#11)
Is the death rate for young mothers obtaining legal abortions in the United States low?
yes (#11)
Have education and access to care for women's health increased?
yes (#12)
Is violent behavior against women an epidemic?
yes (#12)
Are men possibly at a higher risk for injury?
yes (#9)
Are there free clinics for STD testing and treatment for men?
yes (#9)
Do men in young adulthood seek health care or guidance less frequently than women?
yes (#9)
Do some men resist seeking health care even when a health problem is present and do they not seek preventative screening programs?
yes (#9)
When do intellectual and creative skills and abilities peak?
young adulthood (#4)