Concept Check Chapter 8

Give the proper term for each of the following types of motion A.) moving the humerus away from the midline of the body B.) turning the palms so that they face forward C.) Bending the elbow

A.) Abduction B.) Supination C.) Flexion

Your grandparents is complaining about chronic joint pain that her physician says is caused by arthritis. She asks you to explain what arthritis. What should you tell her?

Arthritis is joint inflammation and is a type of rheumatic disease that affects synovial joints. Arthritis always involves damage to the articular cartilage but the specific. cause can vary.

Who would be more likely to develop inflammation of the subscapular bursa- a tennis player or a jogger? Why?

Because the subscapular bursa is located in the shoulder joint, an inflammation of this structure (bursitis) would be more likely to be found in the tennis player. The condition is associated with repetitive motion that occurs at the shoulder, such as swinging a tennis racket. The Jogger would be more at risk for injuries to the knee joint.

What classifications of synovial joints are monaxial? Biaxial? triaxial?

Monaxial - pivot and hinge joints. Biaxial - Saddle and condylar joints. Triaxial - Ball and socket joint.

Distinguish between the types of movement at a synarthrosis and an amphiarthrosis.

No relative movements occurs at a synarthrosis, whereas slight movement occurs as an amphiarthrosis.

Your roommate complains of elbow paint while he is pronating and supinating his forearm. Is the pain really originating in the elbow joint? How would you explain this to your roommate?

No, the pain isn't originating in his elbow. The elbow joint, which does not allow for supination and pronation of the forearm, is the joint between 1.) The humerus and the ulna 2.) The humerus and the radius The pain originates in his forearm. The proximal and distal radio-ulnar joints allow for supination and pronation of the forearm.

Where are the symphysis joints in the vertebral column, and how do they differ from the structure of the zygapophysial joints?

Symphysis joints are found between the vertebral bodies of C2 and S1. Zygapophysial joints are synovial joints found between the superior and interior articulating processes of adjacent vertebrae.

List two functions of synovial fluid.

Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, reduce friction, and distributes dissolved gases, nutrients, and wastes.

Explain why dislocations of the hip are rare.

The amount complete boney socket enclosing the head of the femur, the strong articular capsule, the strout supporting ligaments and the dense muscular padding make the hip an extremely stable joint. Because of this stability, fractures of the femoral neck or between the trochanters are more common than hip dislocations.

How does the orientation of the articular disc affect the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint?

The articular disc of the temporomandibular joint extends horizontally and therefore divides the joint cavity into two separate chambers. As a result, the temporomandibular joint is really two synovial joints : One between the temporal bone and the articular disc, and the other between the articular disc and the mandible.

What are the cruciate ligaments and what is their role in maintaining stability of the knee joint?

The cruciate ligaments are reinforcing ligament in the knee. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) are intracapsular ligaments of the knee joint. They attach the intercondylar area of the tibia to the condyles of the femur. These ligaments limit the anterior and posterior movement of the femur and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles.

What bones make up the elbow joint, and how do they articulate?

The elbow joint is composed of the articulation between the trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna and the capitulum of the humerus and the head of the radius.

What is the glenoid labrum, and how does it contribute to stability of the shoulder joint?

The glenoid labrum is a piece of fibrous cartilage the serves to enlarge and deepen the glenoid cavity of the scapula and therefore contribute to the stability of the shoulder joint.

Name the ligaments that stabilize the vertebral column

The ligaments that stabilize the vertebral column are the anterior longitudinal ligament, posterior longitudinal ligaments, ligaments flava, interspinous ligaments, and supraspinous ligaments.

What six structures contribute to stability of the wrist?

The six structures are the following : 1. ) Palmar radiocarpal ligament 2. ) Dorsal radiocarpal ligament 3. ) Ulnar collateral ligament 4. ) Radial collateral ligament 5. ) Intercarpal ligaments 6. ) Digitocarapl ligaments

How do the unique structures of the joint capsule and the relatively flat articular surface of the temporomandibular joint the function of this joint?

The temporomandibular joint is primarily a hinge joint, but the loose capsule and relatively flat articular surfaces also permits small gliding movements. These movements are important for shewing.

What is the primary weight - bearing joint in the ankle?

The tibiotalar joint is the primary weight - Bearing joint in the ankle

What types of movement are permitted between the metacarpophalangeal joints?

The types of movement are flexion/ extension and adduction/ abduction

What joins provide medial and lateral stability in the ankle?

Three joints provide medial and lateral stability in the ankle joint: 1. ) The proximal tibiofibular joint 2. ) The distal tibiofibular joint 3. ) The fibulotalar joint