Connect Chapter 13

In the context of prosocial behaviors, which of the following is an accurate description of egoism? `

-Egoism involves helping others so that they may return the favor. -Egoism involves helping another person to avoid guilt. -Egoism involves helping another person in order to appear powerful.

Which of the following statements is true of ethnocentrism?

It encourages people to think in terms of ingroup and outgroup.

Which of the following statements is true of the concept of risky shift?

It is the tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group

Who among the following is most likely to become *aggressive when provoked?*

Ria, who ruminates over interpersonal slights

According to research in the area of health and social psychology, who among the following is likely to have the earliest death?

a chronically lonely person

Chuck is a highly ambitious graduate student who does not intend to let anything get in the way of excelling in each of his classes and graduating at the top of his class. When he learns that the professor for one of his course modules is an attractive young woman, he opts for a different module. He believes that attractive women cannot be good educators. Chuck's attitude toward attractive women best illustrates

a stereotype

Mariam provides food for the homeless every Sunday. She does this *without expecting praise or anything in return*. In this case, Mariam is most likely engaging in

altruistic behavior.

_____ are people's opinions and beliefs about other people, objects, and ideas—how they feel about the world.

attitudes

According to the cognitive dissonance theory, when attitudes and behavior conflict, individuals are most likely to reduce cognitive dissonance by

changing their attitudes to fit the behavior.

An individual's *psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts* is known as

cognitive dissonance

According to Gordon Allport, intergroup contact is NOT likely to reduce prejudice when group members

engage in competitive tasks

Risky shift and group polarization are aspects of

group decision making

_____ refers to the impaired group decision making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony.

groupthink

In the context of conformity, _____ means individuals conform to be right.

informational social influence

Which of the following is true of implicit racism?

it must be measured with a method that does not require a person's awareness.

_____ have been linked to aggressive behavior.

low levels of serotonin

_____ is behavior that complies with the explicit demands of an individual in authority.

obedience

Dymatrix Inc., a real estate firm that has been around for over 50 years, is recruiting personnel for its management positions. The senior management at Dymatrix interviews people from different ethnic backgrounds: Whites, Blacks, Hispanics, and others. Ultimately, the senior management *hires only White candidates, even though some of the Black candidates have better qualifications.* This apparent discrimination in the hiring process at Dymatrix is most likely facilitated by the attitude of

prejudice

_____ is the tendency of people to attend to and remember what they learned first.

primary effect

Betty sent Christmas cards to everyone in her address book and received Christmas cards in return from most of the recipients. This result is consistent with the social behavior known as

reciprocity

If Cathy blames her history teacher for her poor performance on a history test, she is most likely engaging in

self serving bias

In the context of attitudes, _____ theory contends that behaviors can influence attitudes.

self-perception

Freddy and his girlfriend fight often. As a result, he is stressed out most of the time and laments about his relationship with his friends. He realizes that the relationship makes him unhappy and that he no longer likes his girlfriend. He decides to break up with his girlfriend. Which of the following theories best explains the connection between Freddy's attitude and his behavior in this scenario?

self-perception theory

Juanita returned home after being away for several years. When she saw her father, whom she thought she disliked, she hugged him and cried. Based on her behavior when she met him, she determined that she must like him more than she thought. This is most consistent with the _____ of attitudes.

self-perception theory

Melissa and John have been happily married for 30 years because they have ensured that they have no opportunities to fight. Both of them have jobs, so they contribute proportionately to the household income and equally share all other responsibilities. Melissa and John's happy marriage can best be explained by the

social exchange theory

Dr. McCall found that student performance was poor when students worked in groups compared to when each student worked on an individual project. In the context of group influence, this difference in performance can be best explained with the concept of

social loafing

The solidification and further strengthening of an individual's position as a consequence of a group discussion or interaction is known as

the group polarization affect

Which of the following is proposed by self-perception theory?

Behavior can change and influence the attitude of a person.

Joyce has the potential to be an honor student. However, she frustrates her teachers because of her actions. Rather than using her skills to excel, she tends to hide her intellectual abilities to act more like the students she is friends with. She sometimes answers questions incorrectly just to be more like her friends. In the context of the key aspects of social influence, which of the following perspectives explains Joyce's behavior most accurately?

normative social influence

Robert, a 9-year-old boy, loves watching wrestling on television. One night, he uses several of the aggressive wrestling moves on his little brother. Which of the following theories best explains William's behavior?

observational thinking