Conservation Genetics Final Exam

_______ selection occurs when one allele is always at a selective advanatage

Directional

_______ is the average number of individuals in a population that contribute genes to succeeding generations

Effective population size

_______ is the incorporation of genes from one population to another through hybridization, which results in fertile offspring that further hybridize and backcross to parental populations.

Introgression

_______ is the probability of randomly sampling two individuals that have the same genotype

Probability of identity

_______ is the most important factor predicting whether an alien species will become established

Propagule pressure

Two frequently used species concepts are the _______ species concept and the _______ species concept

biological, phylogenetic

A _______ experiment is used to disentangle the effects of genes and environment on phenotypic traits

common garden

Conservation of components of biodiversity outside their natural habitat is known as _______ conservation

ex situ

If QST is equal to FST, then differentiation is similar to that expected by _______

genetic drift

The size and duration of a bottleneck greatly affect the amount of _______ lost

genetic variation

Genetic drift causes loss of _______, random changes in _______ and _______ among populations

genetic variation, allele frequencies, differentiation

Releasing of captive-bred individuals into the wold can decrease _______ and change _______

genetic variation, population structure

A _______ of 1 means that a trait is completely determined by genes with no environmental influence

heritability

Inbreeding is likely to affect population viability when _______ occurs at a trait that reduces population viability

inbreeding depression

Gene flow _______ genetic structure

increases

Frameshift mutations can be caused by _______ or _______

insertion, deletion

Gene flow is influenced by _______, _______, _______, and _______

interspecific interactions, mobility, barriers, mode of reproduction

Types of DNA inherited from one parent include _______, _______, and _______

mitochondrial, chloroplast, y-chromosome

The genetic effects of releasing captive-bred individuals into the wild are often not _______

monitored

"Errors in the transmission of genetic information from parents to progeny" is the definition of _______

mutation

The Hardy-Weinberg Principle provides us with a _______ model to test predictions explaining patterns of genetic variation

null

Variation in chromosomes can be estimated by examining _______, _______ location, and the _______ pattern

number, centromere, banding

Evolutionary classification combines _______ and _______ to determine taxonomy

phenetics, cladistics

The rate of DNA decay over time depends on _______ and _______

temperature, humidity