consumer behavior final pretest chap 13,14,15,16,17,18

true

A recent study found that a low level of calibration frequently occurs to the detriment of consumers and firms in the areas of memory of facts and events, belief polarization and validity, and personal forecasts.

False

A recent study found that the number one reason consumers abandoned their online shopping carts was due to changing their mind.

false

A shopping style that puts particular emphasis on certain activities or shopping motivations is called a shopping perspective.

False

An attribute used to stand for or indicate another attribute is known as a proxy indicator.

false

An latent problem is one of which the consumer is not aware.

true

Approaches to discovering consumer problems include activity analysis, product analysis, problem analysis, human factors research, and emotion research.

True

Attempts to influence generic problem recognition are appropriate for brands that have a high market share.

False

Attitude-based choices are not used for important decisions.

False

Attribute-based choices involve the use of general attitudes, summary impressions, intuitions, or heuristics.

False

A $20 savings on a $395 item should show the percentage savings but not the dollar savings.

True

A consumer can be neither satisfied nor dissatisfied.

True

A consumer selling something to another individual through an online intermediary (i.e., eBay) is known as a consumer-to-consumer sale.

true

A consumer's desired state can be influenced by previous decisions.

True

A major component of store atmosphere is the number, characteristic, and behavior of other customers.

True

Mabel is embarrassed when shopping for adult diapers at a retail store. This negative emotion is influenced by both the product (adult diapers) and the situation.

True

Many customer loyalty programs are designed to generate repeat purchases rather than committed customers.

true

Market characteristics that influence the expected benefits and perceived costs of search include the number of alternatives, price range, store distribution, and information availability.

true

Marketing strategy that focuses only on creating awareness may be inadequate.

false

Momentary conditions reflect temporary states of mind rather than temporary states of being.

false

Most purchases are the result of extended decision making and therefore involve considerable external search prior to purchase.

False

Most purchases in supermarkets are planned.

false

Multi-channel shoppers generally spend less money than single-channel shoppers.

true

Multi-channel shoppers often browse/search in one channel and use that information to make a purchase in another channel.

false

Multi-channel shoppers rarely browse/search in one channel and use that information to make a purchase in another channel.

True

Nominal and most limited decision making will not produce postpurchase dissonance.

true

Nominal decision making is sometimes referred to as habitual decision making.

True

The conjunctive decision rule establishes minimum required performance standards for each evaluative criterion and selects the first or all brands that meet or exceed these minimum standards.

true

Two distinct categories of nominal decision making are brand loyal decisions and repeat purchase decisions.

False

Universal problem recognition involves a discrepancy that a variety of brands within a product category can reduce.

True

Unplanned purchases are purchases consumers make in a retail outlet that are different from those they planned to make prior to entering that retail outlet.

False

Unplanned purchases can be further subdivided into substitute and impulse purchases.

true

Variety-seeking behavior is a challenge to marketers because it means the consumers switch brands for reasons beyond a company's control.

false

When a consumer's actual state is perceived as being greater than the desired state, recognition of a problem does not occur.

True

Affective choices tend to be holistic in nature.

False

Affective performance can arise from only the symbolic dimension of product performance.

True

Alice is shopping to purchase new drapes for her living room. The situational characteristic influencing her behavior is task definition.

True

All consumers have a bounded rationality.

False

All of the brands thought of as potential solutions are known as the consideration set.

true

Banner ads are one way to drive a firm's information to consumers.

false

Basic Shoppers enjoy shopping and are motivated by the recreational and social aspects of shopping.

True

Bossing around retail clerks is a nonpurchase reason for shopping.

True

Brand image and store image are similar concepts.

true

Catalogs and the Internet appear to work in a complementary fashion.

false

Catalogs have appeared to suffer due to the growth of the Internet.

True

Churn is a term used to refer to turnover in a firm's customer base.

False

Committed customers are less likely to forgive a product or service failure.

true

Concern regarding credit card security is one of the major reasons given among those who are online but have never made a purchase online.

True

Conjunctive, disjunctive, elimination-by-aspects, and lexicographic are noncompensatory decision rules.

true

Consumers are more willing to travel longer distances to shop for a luxury car than for deodorant.

True

Consumers continually recognize problems and opportunities, so internal and external searches for information to solve these problems are ongoing processes.

True

Consumers might experience guilt by the use of a product or a service.

True

Consumers tend to buy less under crowded store conditions.

False

Counterintuitive thinking refers to imagining the outcome if a different decision had been made in the past.

True

Disposition of the product or the product's container may occur before, during, or after product use.

True

Evaluative criteria can differ in type, number, and importance.

True

Factors affecting the relative importance and influence of evaluative criteria include usage situation, competitive context, and advertising effects.

True

Firms attempt to cause selective problem recognition to gain or maintain market share.

True

Firms need to satisfy consumer expectations by creating reasonable expectations through promotional efforts and maintaining consistent quality so those expectations are fulfilled.

True

For a target market using the elimination-by-aspects rule, it is critical to meet or surpass the consumers' requirements on one more (in order) of the criteria used than the competition.

True

For many people in-store shopping is perceived as neither fun nor an efficient use of time.

True

For many products and services, there are wide variations in profitability across customers.

False

Functional performance relates to the physical functioning of the product.

True

Hispanic girls celebrate a situation situation when they reach 15 years old known as quinceanera.

True

If a customer is dissatisfied with a company's product, the company would prefer that he or she complains to the company.

false

If purchase involvement is high, then enduring product involvement will also be high.

false

In a compensatory decision, a brand's weakness on one attribute cannot be overcome by it's strength on another attribute.

True

Indirect measurement techniques used to determine consumers' evaluative criteria differ from direct measurements in that they assume consumers will not or cannot state their evaluative criteria.

False

One difficulty with using intuition alone to identify consumer problems is that it is a complex research technique that requires extensive training.

true

One reason a consumer does an ongoing search is because the process itself is pleasurable to him or her.

True

One source of sales increases in response to price reductions comes from consumer stockpiling.

false

Online marketers of apparel will never be able to overcome the lack of "touch" issue with consumers and as a consequence, apparel is having little sales success online.

true

Online services use bots, which are software "robots" that do the shopping/searching for users, and are therefore often referred to as shopping bots

True

Perceived risk is considered a consumer characteristic as well as a product characteristic.

True

Physical conditions of store atmosphere include layout, equipment, colors, furnishings, and space.

true

Problem recognition is the first stage of the consumer decision process.

True

Problem recognition is the result of a discrepancy between a desired state and an actual state that is sufficient to arouse and activate the decision process.

false

Recent research finds that roughly 20 percent of online consumers abandon their shopping carts without making a purchase.

False

Repeat purchasers continue to buy the same brand because of their emotional attachment to it.

False

Research has shown that the Internet is used equally by all segments of the adult U.S. population.

True

Sales increases generated by the addition of various types of P-O-P materials in supermarkets are called "lift."

true

Sales of additional items to customers who come to purchase an advertised item are referred to as spillover sales.

false

Search engine optimization involves tracking consumer click patterns on a Web site and using that information to decide on banner ad placement.

true

Some consumers are highly susceptible to interpersonal influence, which is a personality trait.

true

Sometimes consumers purchase products and do not use them.

false

Studies continue to show that price is frequently the prime reason consumers select a retail outlet.

false

The awareness set has generally been found to be smaller than the evoked set.

false

The brands found to be completely unworthy of further consideration comprise the excluded set.

False

The disjunctive decision rule establishes an optimum level of performance for each evaluative criterion.

true

The five primary sources of information available to consumers are memory, personal sources, independent sources, marketing sources, and experiential sources.

false

The level of one's desire to resolve a particular problem depends on two factors: the actual state and the desired state.

False

The maintenance marketing strategy is appropriate if consumers use extended decision making and the brand is in the evoked set.

False

The most common method of direct measurement to determine the relative importance of evaluative criteria is the semantic differential.

False

The other individuals present in the particular situation are referred to as the group participants.

True

The perceived risk associated with unsatisfactory product performance increases information search prior to purchase.

False

The sum of all the physical features of a retail environment is referred to as the retail ambiance.

false

The three types of decision making are rebuy, limited, and extended.

false

consumers shop online for different reasons than they shop using catalogs.