Corporate Social Responsibility Exam 1 Review

Utilitarianism has been called a virtue-based approach to ethics and social policy. TrueFalse

False

Which of the following is true of effective leaders? a. They are always ethical in their leadership styles. b. They might be able to achieve their goals through threats, intimidation, harassment, and coercion. c. They employ methods that empower subordinates to take the initiative and to solve problems for themselves. d. They are unlikely to lead using more amenable interpersonal means such as modeling ethical behavior or persuading.

b. They might be able to achieve their goals through threats, intimidation, harassment, and coercion.

The second step in the development of guiding principles for a firm is to a. ask oneself what one stands for or what the company stands for. b. articulate a clear vision regarding the firm's direction. c. identify clear steps as to how the cultural shift will occur. d. believe that the culture is actually possible and achievable.

b. articulate a clear vision regarding the firm's direction.

Which of the following situations could result in the business culture becoming a determining factor in ethical decision making? a. lack of competition b. law providing incomplete answers c. lack of strong leadership d. stagnant or decreasing profits

b. law providing incomplete answers

Identify the final step in the ethical decision-making process. a. listing out the eventualities that may result from the decision b. monitoring and learning from outcomes c. corresponding with the stakeholders d. identifying new ethical dilemmas to tackle

b. monitoring and learning from outcomes

Ethics refers to the applications of ________on which people's decisions are based. a. values b. morals c. etiquettes d. norms

b. morals

Which of the following cultures will empower legal counsel and audit offices to mandate and to monitor conformity with the law and with internal codes? a. a customer-based culture b. an integrity-based culture c. a values-based culture d. a compliance-based culture

d. a compliance-based culture

A critical element of this step in the ethical decision-making process will be the consideration of ways to mitigate, minimize, or compensate for any possible harmful consequences or to increase and promote beneficial consequences. Which step is this? a. monitoring the outcomes b. considering available alternatives c. identifying the ethical issues d. comparing and weighing alternatives

d. comparing and weighing alternatives

Which of the following is a traditional approach to corporate culture? a. values-based b. integrity-based c. customer-based d. compliance-based

d. compliance-based

The three major categories of an ethical framework are a. utility, virtue, and values. b. universal rights, values, and moral principles. c. universal rights, cultural norms, and morals. d. consequences, principles, and personal character.

d. consequences, principles, and personal character.

"We ought to stop at a red light, even if no cars are coming and I could get to my destination that much sooner." Identify the ethical approach that follows this line of thought. a. virtue ethics b. utilitarianism c. role ethics d. ethics of principles

d. ethics of principles

Which of the following qualities would an effective decision maker display when considering the available alternatives for ethical decisionmaking? a. reciprocal obligation b. servant leadership c. social entrepreneurship d. moral imagination

d. moral imagination

In the context of toxic corporate cultures, the way a firm treat its customers, suppliers, clients, and workers is evidence of its ________. a. profitability b. environmental sustainability c. finances d. relationships

d. relationships

Which of the following refers to an underlying belief that causes people to choose between plausible courses of action? a. norms b. paradigms c. protocols d. values

d. values

CHAPTER 2 The first step in making decisions that are ethically responsible is to consider all of the people affected by a decision, the people often called stakeholders. True/False

False

CHAPTER 3 Ethics attempts to answer the question of how we should live, but it does not give reasons to support its answers. TrueFalse

False

CHAPTER 4 An ethical environment, or culture, would be one in which employees are expected to act by the rules in spite of unethical conditions. TrueFalse

False

Ethical values are personal codes of ethics that ensure that a person meets his or her individual standards of well-being TrueFalse

False

Issue identification becomes the first step of the ethical decision-making process when no ethical issue or dilemma is known to the decisionmaker at the beginning. TrueFalse

False

Liberal societies that value individual freedom will seek to legally prohibit the most serious ethical harms. However, they will not legally require acts of charity, common decency, and personal integrity that may otherwise comprise the social fabric of a developed culture. TrueFalse

False

Normative myopia occurs when one becomes very involved with the ethical issues of business decisions and loses sight of the technicalaspects. TrueFalse

False

The "market" version of utilitarianism argues that questions of safety and risk should be determined by experts who establish standards thatthe business is required to meet. TrueFalse

False

The rights of employees to minimum wage, equal opportunity, and to bargain collectively as part of a union are examples of their rights grounded in moral entitlements. TrueFalse

False

A critical element of comparing and weighing the alternatives is the consideration of ways to mitigate, minimize, or compensate for anypossible harmful consequences. TrueFalse

True

A values-based culture recognizes that where rules do not apply the firm must rely on the personal integrity of its workforce during decision making. TrueFalse

True

CHAPTER 1 Norms appeal to certain values that would be promoted or attained by acting in a certain way TrueFalse

True

Ethical theories are patterns of thinking, or methodologies, to help us decide what to do. TrueFalse

True

One of the most determinative elements of integration is communication. TrueFalse

True

The three ethical frameworks that have proven influential in the development of business ethics and that have a very practical relevance in evaluating ethical issues in modern business are utilitarianism, principle-based framework, and virtue ethics. TrueFalse

True

Within a business setting, individuals must consider the ethical implications of both personal and professional decision making. TrueFalse

True

________ are core elements of social justice upon which democratic societies and capitalist economies have been built. a. Liberty and equality b. Fraternity and autocracy c. Kinship and cooperation d. Consideration and kindness

a. Liberty and equality

________typically assert that individual rights and duties are fundamental and thus can also be referred to as a rights-based, or duty-based approach to ethics. a. Principle-based ethics b. Role ethics c. Virtue-based ethics d. Pragmatic ethics

a. Principle-based ethics

________" include all of the groups and/or individuals affected by a decision, policy, or operation of a firm or individual. a. Stakeholders b. Shareholders c. Employees d. Owners

a. Stakeholders

Which of the following is a true statement about the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)? a. What counts as a disability remains ambiguous under the law. b. The law lays out clear-cut rules for reasonable accommodation. c. The law has not been put into practice till date. d. Mental disabilities have been left out of the purview of the law.

a. What counts as a disability remains ambiguous under the law.

The ________discipline provides an account of how and why people do act the way they do. a. descriptive b. supererogatory c. normative d. stipulative

a. descriptive

If we are told specifically to pay attention to a particular element of a decision or event, we are likely to miss all of the surrounding details, no matter how obvious. According to Bazerman and Chugh, this phenomenon is known as ________. a. inattentional blindness b. descriptive ignorance c. change blindness d. normative myopia

a. inattentional blindness

Telling organizations that their ethical responsibilities end with obedience to the law a. is just inviting more legal regulation. b. is enough to maintain an ethical business environment. c. reduces the frequency of corporate scandals. d. eliminates ambiguity while making personal ethics-related decisions.

a. is just inviting more legal regulation.

In the ethical decision-making process, creativity in identifying options is also known as a. moral imagination. b. descriptive imagination. c. intentional deliberation. d. normative imagination.

a. moral imagination.

Business ethics is a multidisciplinary field that takes its roots from the more general discipline of a. philosophy. b. anthropology. c. sociology. d. political code of conduct.

a. philosophy

Reasoning about what should be done is known as ________reasoning. a. practical b. objective c. theoretical d. predictive

a. practical

Which of the following is a value that will impact the culture of an organization in the absence of any other established values? a. profit—at any cost b. ethical behavior c. legal compliance d. customer satisfaction

a. profit—at any cost

Which of the following is the pursuit of the highest standard for what we should believe? a. theoretical reason b. notional reason c. emotional reason d. practical reason

a. theoretical reason

Which of the following involves the disclosure of unethical or illegal activities to someone who is in a position to take action to prevent orpunish the wrongdoing? a. whistle-blowing b. redlining c. gentrification d. flyposting

a. whistle-blowing

Which of the following observations is true of ethics? a. It is descriptive in nature. b. It deals with our reasoning about how we should act. c. It provides an account of how and why people act the way they do. d. It is equivalent to law-abiding behavior

b. It deals with our reasoning about how we should act.

TB MC Qu. 02-20 __________ refers to shortsightedness about... a. Inattentional blindness b. Normative myopia c. Change blindness d. Descriptive myopia

b. Normative myopia

Identify a true statement about a compliance-based culture. a. A compliance-based culture recognizes that where a rule does not apply, a firm must rely on the personal integrity of its workforce when decisions need to be made. b. A compliance-based culture is one that reinforces a particular set of values rather a particular set of rules. c. A compliance-based culture is only as strong and as precise as the rules which workers are expected to follow. d. A compliance-based culture is perceived to have a more flexible and far-sighted corporate environment.

c. A compliance-based culture is only as strong and as precise as the rules which workers are expected to follow.

How is an ethical, effective leader different from an effective leader? a. An ethical, effective leader takes decisions based only on a set of rules unlike an effective leader. b. An ethical, effective leader follows a set of rules regardless of consequences unlike an effective leader. c. An ethical, effective leader empowers the employees in decision making unlike an effective leader. d. An ethical, effective leader achieves her or his goals through intimidation unlike an effective leader.

c. An ethical, effective leader empowers the employees in decision making unlike an effective leader.

Which of the following is a true statement in the context of the libertarian understandings of social justice? a. Individual liberty is the least important element of social justice. b. Individuals should be restricted from engaging in any voluntary economic exchange. c. Businesses should be free to pursue profit in any voluntary and nondeceptive manner. d. All government regulation would be seen as just interference in the market.

c. Businesses should be free to pursue profit in any voluntary and nondeceptive manner.

________ establish the guidelines or standards for determining what one should do, how one should act, and what type of person one shouldbe. a. Governments b. Set expectations c. Norms d. Laws

c. Norms

Identify the statement that most accurately describes the difference between the market and the administrative versions of utilitarianism. a. The administrative version of utilitarianism promotes policies that protect property rights and encourage competition. b. The administrative version of utilitarianism uses social sciences to predict consequences. c. The administrative version of utilitarianism turns to policy experts for the design and implementation of policies. d. The administrative version produces those goods that the consumers want.

c. The administrative version of utilitarianism turns to policy experts for the design and implementation of policies.

Which of the following is the great arbiter of truth according to the tradition of theoretical reason? a. religion b. customs c. science d. norms

c. science

Which of the following is a fundamental moral duty according to Immanuel Kant? a. to place principles over morals b. to ponder over the nuances of ethics c. to treat each person as an end in themselves d. to continuously set moral examples for everyone to follow

c. to treat each person as an end in themselves

Free-market economics is grounded in the ________. a. rights-based framework of ethics b. principle-based framework of ethics c. utilitarian framework of ethics d. legal framework of ethics

c. utilitarian framework of ethics

Identify the social role from the following. a. student-body president b. manager c. citizen d. librarian

citizen

Which of the following is true of inattentional blindness? a. It occurs when someone deliberately avoids taking a decision about an unpleasant ethical issue. b. It refers to the shortsightedness about values. c. It distinguishes good people who make ethically responsible decisions from good people who do not. d. It occurs when people pay specific attention to a particular element of a decision, while losing sight of other aspects of it.

d. It occurs when people pay specific attention to a particular element of a decision, while losing sight of other aspects of it.

________are ethical rules that put values into action. a. Morals b. Attitudes c. Virtues d. Principles

d. Principles

Which of the following is an approach advocated while teaching ethics? a. Teachers should teach ethical dogma to a passive audience. b. Teachers should consider acceptance of customary norms as an adequate ethical perspective. c. Teachers should understand that their role is only to tell the right answers to their students. d. Teachers should challenge students to think for themselves.

d. Teachers should challenge students to think for themselves.

________is commonly identified with the policy of "maximizing the overall good." a. Stoicism b. Deontology c. Pragmatism d. Utilitarianism

d. Utilitarianism

The ________goes against the ethical principle of obeying certain duties or responsibilities, no matter the end result. a. rights-based framework of ethics b. duty-based framework of ethics c. deontological framework of ethics d. utilitarian framework of ethics

d. utilitarian framework of ethics