Counseling Exam 3
Techniques used in Marital and Couples Therapy • Communication Styles - what are the 3 and give examples.
- Passive-Aggressive • "My husband is SO neat..." - Aggressive • "You are filthy!" - Assertive • I would appreciate it if, when you eat on the couch, you take whatever plates or cups and put them in the sink." • Mirroring (different than object relations)
What are Gottman's four horsemen of the apocalypse?
- Stonewalling - Defensiveness - Criticism - Contempt
What are the 3 Stages of Development in Career Counseling and the questions associated with each stage?
1. Career Choice -- WHAT should I do? - 2.Implementation -- HOW do I get where I want to go? - 3.Adjustment -- Now that I am here, is this what I expected and am I doing well?
TYPE - BEHAVIOR pattern is typically characterized by individuals who are highly competitive, ambitious, work-driven, time-conscious, and aggressive.a behavior pattern associated with the development of coronary heart disease, characterized by excessive competitiveness and aggression and a fast-paced life style. Persons exhibiting type A behavior are constantly struggling to accomplish ill-defined goals in the shortest possible time.
A
Most liberal test, not used much anymore In 1955, the — —- —- developed a test that combined aspects of the M'Naghten, irresistible impulse, and Durham tests This test held that people are not criminally responsible if at the time of the crime they had a mental disorder or defect that prevented them from knowing right or wrong OR from being able to control themselves and to follow the law -The test was adopted, but was criticized for being too "liberal"
American Law Institute (ALI)
SSRI discontinuation syndrome
Another way of saying withdrawal
The _____ (neuroleptics, major tranquilizers) •Used to treat schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and occasionally, bipolar disorder •——— -Thorazine, Haldol, Stelazine, Mellaril, Prolixin, Trilafon •—— -Clozaril, Risperdal, Seroquel, Abilify, Geodon, and Zyprexa •Side effects????
Antipsychotics Phenothiazines Atypical
Benzodiazepines are ______
Anxiolytics
Trait and Factor Theory
Approach that attempts to match the worker and the work environment. The approach thus makes the assumption that there is one best or single career for the person. Devised by Parsons and Williamson.
2 important questions
Are they healthy enough Are they competent to stand trial Is there behavior an outgrowth of their mental illness which might mitigate some of the guilt/ responsibility
For couples therapy, what 2 approaches have shown the best outcomes?
Behavioral and Emotion-focused approaches show the best outcomes
According to the APA ethics code, what are the 5 general principles?
Beneficence & Nonmaleficence •Fidelity & Responsibility •Integrity •Justice •Respect for People's Rights & Dignity
Valium is a _____ which is under the _____ drugs
Benzodiazepine, anxiolytics
What are the major type of anxiolytics
Benzodiazepines
______ is a very popular notion in the area of family therapy at the present time. In general, _____ leads to the idea that how we use language shapes and defines our realities. Therefore, if we can shift how we talk and think about our realities, those realities will shift. Followers believe that one of the goals of therapy is to change how we "language" our experience. They play with words and use paradoxes and the like to help shift the personal constructions through which individuals experience their world. Paul Watzlawick's work is a prime example. For Watzlawick, psychological problems are actually attempts at solutions to life problems. Psychological problems occur when people attempt to solve new life problems with a solution that worked in the past or for old problems, but that does not work now. Often, when the old solution strategy does not work, people try "upping the dosage." Finally, they may even break down. Solutions themselves are based on how the individual is defining or "constructing" the problem. That is, a solution is based on an implicit premise about what the reality is and what the problem is.
Constructivism
The process by which
Criminal commitment
Goals of family therapy - ________ • The ability to be connected to yet independent of other family members (able to have own ideas and beliefs). • Can assert one's own belief and values without attacking or dismissing. • Avoid triangulation
Differentiation
T/F The ASVAB has 11 sections
F, 10
Family systems theory supports the idea a child can be severely pathological T/F
F, rejects it
T/F Under the Structural Approach, there are 3 major dysfunctional types.
F, there are 2- enmeshed and disengaged
Bowen differs from Satir, who does not encourage spouses to talk to each other.
False, Bowen acts a middle man and has the other spouse observe Satir encouraged talk
T/F insanity is classified in the DSM
False, it is a LEGAL term
People remain — or emotionally entangled with their families in various ways. The degree of lack of differentiation is an index of the individual's emotional disturbance. Bowen believes in a —- —— process for lack of ——. Lack of differentiation in the parents is transmitted to the children. An anxious mother who is not sufficiently differentiated herself, for instance, will project her anxiety onto a child. Bowen argues that this process may lead to progressively lower levels of differentiation generation by generation, ultimately resulting in the production of a psychotic child.
Fused, multigenerational transmission
Helps prevent hyperactivity, uncontrolled activity, slows down processing in overstimulation
GABA
The primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain is....
GABA
Sections of the Strong Interest Inventory •----= Describes your broad interests in different career domains -- -- -- =Identifies specific areas within the GOT indicating areas that are likely to be rewarding ---- ---= Compares your likes and dislikes with those of people who are satisfied working in various occupations. • ---------= Describes preferences related to work style, learning, leadership, risk taking, and teamwork. -Helps determine what types of interpersonal and social work environments fit best. • Profile Summary • Response Summary
General Occupational Themes (GOT) Basic Interest Scales Occupational Scales* Personal Style Scales
What do anxiolytics treat?
Generalized anxiety disorders, panic disorder and specific phobias
APA formally approved prescription privileges for appropriately-trained psychologists and began advocacy in what year. Which states currently have provisions for prescription privileges
Illinois Louisiana and New Mexico Idaho Iowa 1995
This test emphasized the inability to control one's actions ("fit of passion" defense) •A third test also briefly became popular: -Durham Test •People were not criminally responsible if their "unlawful act was the product of mental disease or defect"
Irresistible Impulse Test
If someone would've committed a crime even if police were standing there, this would fit what standard of insanity?
Irresistible impulse test
"Insanity" is a — term -The defendant may have a mental disorder but not qualify for a legal definition of insanity -The original definition can be traced to the 1843 murder case of Daniel M'Naghten in England: •The ——- test stated that experiencing a mental disorder at the time of a crime did not by itself mean that the person was insane; the defendant also had to be incapable of understanding
Legal M'Naghten right from wrong.
What was the first mood stabilizer
Lithium carbonate or eskalith
What are the 3 categories of mood stabilizers
Lithium salts •Eskalith, Carbolith -Antiseizure medications •Tegretol, Depakote, Lamictal -Antipsychotics •Zyprexa, Geodon, Seroquel, Risperdal, Clozaril (agranulocytosis), Abilify (atypical antipsychotics)
Group Therapy - Challenges • The ---- client • The --- client • The --- client • The help-rejecting ---- • The ---patient
MONOPOLISTIC SILENT BORING COMPLAINER NARCISSTIC
These are used to treat bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder.
Mood stabilizers
-------- is when patterns of responding or family dynamics are passed from generation to generation -People can dysfunctionally remain fused with families - Parents may project ------- on to children - Homeostasis may be maintained with ---- - Adding another person can help regulate ---- •--- may be seen as an attempt to maintain homeostasis
Multigenerational transmission process pathology triangulation closeness affairs
How did Roe think natural and social scientists were different?
Natural scientists Had a cold relationship with their parents, not loved much Social Had a warm relationship with their parents, was nurtured and loved very much
Marital and Couples Therapy • Assumption is pathology is not of an individual but of the --- of the unit • Problems are defined as --- rather than individual • Common feelings of - and a- . How to combat this? What 2 things need to be reduced and what 2 things need facilitation?
PATHOLOGY, MALFUNCTIONING, UNIT-LEVEL, BLAME AND DEFENSIVENESS - 1. Reduce blame, threats - 2. Reduce stonewalling - 3. Facilitate effective communication - 4. Facilitate problem-solving
Interpersonal group therapy is effective in reducing -- symptoms and subsequently social adjustment and quality of life among 33 clients who showed no improvement with medication . Interpersonal group therapy is effective in reducing symptoms of persistent depression and improving ---- agency
PTSD, INTERPERSONAL
The antidepressants •Side effects -___ in particular associated with increased risk of adolescent suicidal ideation. This drug is a ___z - _________ side-effects •Dry mouth, blurry vision, constipation, drowsiness, sedation -If discontinued, some individuals may develop •Parethesia (brain zaps, brain shocks) •Dizziness •Lethargy
Paxil, which is an SSRI Anti-cholinergic
Section of SII that describes preferences related to work style, learning, leadership, risk taking, and teamwork AND helps determine what types of interpersonal and social work environments fit best.
Personal Style Scales
Haldol is an example of
Phenothiazines under antipsychotics
used to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
Stimulants
Which Type of Play Therapy Addresses criticisms of classical being to vague and possibly allowing collusion to avoid confrontation - Emphasizes specific therapeutic objectives - Uses • Dolls • Hand puppets • Planned activities • Metaphors • Stories • Drawing
Structured
What are the 4 structured assessment methods in career counseling?
Structured Assessment Methods •Aptitudes - e.g., Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB) •Interests, e.g., Strong Interest Inventory (SII) •Values, e.g., Supers Work Values Inventory (WVI) -Understanding of needs, desires and goals •Self-perceptions of ability and competence - e.g., Betz's measure of self-efficacy expectations (CDMSE)
Erickson believed that major change could be induced by first inducing smaller changes. Like a snowball rolling downhill, a small change could change the overall system of the personality or the family for the better. Erickson is primarily known as a hypnotist, and that was one of his major tools. He believed that all therapy worked by ____. However, he devised many techniques to utilize the power of ____ without the use of hypnosis. _____ interventions are one example. These interventions include ____ (or, positive connotation). With this, a behavior that a client sees as pathological is seen in a positive way. For instance, de Shazer (1985) relates the case of a young woman whose problem was that she was unable to speak up around her fiancé. Instead of treating this as a problem, the therapist congratulated her on having learned the most important lesson in communication—how to listen.
Suggestion Paradoxical Reframing
Desensitization and exercise are parts of stress in inoculation training T/F
T
T/F The following are all benefits of Group Therapy - Universality - Instillation of Hope - Imparting information - Corrective emotional experience - Catharsis
T
Utilizing mild punishments and negotiating compromises is a part of parent management training. T/F
T
What was the first psycho tropic and first antipsychotic medication? Which class did it belong to?
Thorazine or Chlorpramazine Phenothiazines
What was the first antidepressant and and which class did it belong to
Tofranil or Imipramine Tricyclic
What are common side effects of mood stabilizers?
Weight gain,
We are not socialized to deal with loss so then feelings of loss may be perceived as --- causing people to hide or not discuss personal experiences r/t grief • Ideally, grief is: - A part of life to be experienced fully - An acknowledgment of our ---, not --- - A powerful force for ---
abnormal humanness, weakness connectedness
This stage of grief not everyone achieves, but when they do it is marked by a sense of calm and possibly withdrawal • Often defined by the realization that loss is ---
acceptance inevitable
Parent Management Training can help parents adopt a more ---- approach to changing behaviors • Top 4 goals - 1. Establish clear, consistent rules - 2. Provide positive reinforcement - 3. When needed, utilize mild punishments - 4. Negotiate compromises
behavioral
One of the most common methods for treating children is ----Emphasizes --- conditioning principles • Rewards, points, or tokens are used to reinforce good behavior and their removal to negatively punish bad behavior
behavioral therapy, operant
What do mood stabilizers treat?
bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder
Which type of Play Therapy starts in a big play room where the therapist accepts child as is, allows child to lead - Promotes expression of feelings, verbal or otherwise - Promotes child's independent problem solving - Does not directly "help" in traditional, directive sense of the world help - Out of this accepting environment, the child's natural tendencies toward growth will emerge
classical
• ---- Play Therapy promotes expression of feelings, verbal or otherwise
classical
The themes ---- to each other on Holland's hexagon are more closely related and those ---- are are less closely related to each other _______-the degree of compatibility of your codes, a measure of the overlap or internal coherence of an individual's or environment's type scores ________— the degree of strength of your dominant type, the degree to which a person or environment clearly resembles some RIASEC types and not others
closest diagonal consistency differentiation
We can measure people and match them to environments. Educational and vocational behavior can be predicted by examining the degree of compatibility or ------ between a person and his/her environment as defined by the ----- - An individual is highly congruent when he/she is in an environment whose type is ----- to his/her person type (e.g. a Social person working in a Social environment) - Individuals who are highly ----- with their environment will be more satisfied, higher achieving, and achieve more tenure in their careers.
congruence, cirumplex. identical, congruent
A family in which one can assert their own belief and values without attacking or dismissing is one that is _______
differentiated
Lack of _____ leads either to an inability to keep oneself separate from another or to a pathological, defensive separateness. Unresolved attachments to parents may be "resolved" by cutting off emotions. Thus, someone may yearn for emotional closeness, but defend against it. Either an inability to maintain separateness or a defensive separateness will lead to an unstable situation with a spouse.
differentiation
Virginia Satir argued that --- communication led to family pathology - Example of wife (from family where men waited on women) and husband (from family where women catered to men) are drawn together in relationship. - Importance of discussing -- rules • 5 Basic roles - ----= (denying own feelings) - ------= (I wouldn't be in this mess if not for...) - -- --- =(overly logical, emotions are a waste) - ------- (being amusing, clown-like, distracting) ------
dysfunctional, unspoken PLACATING BLAMING SUPER REASONABLE IRRELEVANT CONGRUENT
According to the Structural Approach, a ___ family is one where the boundaries are weak or unstable. --- (eating disorder) may result. And a ---- family is one where boundaries are excessively rigid and family members are disconnected • Antisocial personality disorder may result • Assessment of communication patterns can be seen through and treated with seating arrangements
enmeshed, anorexia disengaged, antisocial personality disorder
Cardiologists Meyer Friedman and Ray Rosenman argued that Type B Personality was an important risk factor for coronary heart disease.
f, type A
One significant difference between Satir's approach and other family approaches that emphasize communication is that Satir places a greater emphasis on ___. Communication is not merely the communication of ideas and perspectives, but of ____. Therefore, in addition to gaining access to unspoken family rules and assumptions, her approach focuses on becoming more aware of ——-, which are the intended meanings of most messages.
feelings
a person having a nightmare can do many things in his dream— run, hide, fight, scream, jump off a cliff, etc.—but no change from any one of these behaviors to another would ever terminate the nightmare. This is an example of kind of ----- change. Can you name another example? The one way out of a dream involves a change from dreaming to waking. Waking, obviously, is no longer a part of the dream, but a change to an altogether different state. This kind of change is -----change.
first-order, escaping quicksand second-order
The APA Ethics code consists of how many sections? Name them and who does this code apply to?
four sections (introduction, preamble, principles, and standards) -Introduction and Applicability •How and who does it apply to? -APA members & student affiliates only in their professional, scientific, educational roles -Activities covered include the clinical, counseling, and school practice of psychology; research; teaching; supervision of trainees; public service; policy development; social intervention; development of assessment instruments; conducting assessments; education, technology
Family systems theory through a ---- perspective - Problems within the family are ---, as they allow the family to avoid dealing with ----- - Ultimate goal is to discover new --- where each person is -- ---
functional needed dealing with other real issues homeostastis individually autonomous
Realization the world may not be safe can cause the experience of ____
grief
• --- is the all encompassing process of psychological, social, and somatic reactions to the perception of loss (Anderson, 2007) • --- is the social and cultural response to grief. (Anderson, 2007) • -- --is the work dealing with grief, requiring the employment of -- and -- energy.
grief mourning grief work, physical and emotional
Structural Approach • Family is ----with various subsystems - Husband-wife (spousal subsystem) - [Wife and husband] relating to child (parent subsystem relating to child subsystem) • Pathology occurs when distinctions are --- - Father confides in child about shortcomings of mother - Mother and child collude to hide information from father - Mother and father have no relationship other than in being a parent relating to child subsystem
hierarchical blurred
According to the APA Ethics Code, psychologists must avoid making deceptive and fraudulent statements in which venues?
in any public forum
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors
Satir described five roles or basic modes of communication in families, what are they?
placating, blaming, super reasonable, irrelevant, and congruent. In this disturbed family, the father is always super reasonable, never showing his true feelings; the mother placates him all the time, never showing her true feelings; the older child blames everything on everyone else; and the symptomatic child responds with irrelevant annoying habits and silly talk. Only congruent communication—messages that reflect a person's genuine feelings and intentions—can help solve family conflict. Satir tries to model and teach congruent communication.
Anne Roe was a ----- oriented career theorist who studied people in careers -specifically natural scientists and social scientists -Believed them to be different •Adhered to Freuds idea of psychic energies in need of expression
psychodynamically
Work environments are primarily dominated by particular "person" types because individuals have a tendency to seek out others who share their interests/skills. According to Holland's theory, the core vocational constructs are what? In Holland's theory, each type lies on the circumference of the hexagon (Holland et al., 1969), which describes the interrelationships among vocational interests. Structurally, types closer in space are hypothesized to be more similar than types more distant. Name these and describe each.
realistic (R), investigative (I), artistic (A), social (S), enterprising (E), and conventional (C).
This term refers to the fact that all factors affecting a person's health have the potential to affect each other (biology, cognitions, emotions, behaviors, social interactions, etc.) - If mind and body are connected, separation of treatments makes less sense.
reciprocal determinism
Mourning is the --- and --- response to ---
social, cultural, grief
Which approach is this an example of - Father confides in child about shortcomings of mother - Mother and child collude to hide information from father - Mother and father have no relationship other than in being a parent relating to child subsystem
structural approach
Virginia Axline adapted CCT for use with children by: - Providing ------------- to undo the conditional love provided by ---- parents - Reflect feelings to increase self-awareness of affective states - Dibs In Search of Self • Chronicles a case study working with 5 year-old boy who eventually was discovered to have an IQ of over 150
unconditional positive regard struggling
According to the APA Ethics Code, confidentiality of communication with a patient could ethically be broken:
when the patient reveals that she/he is intending to harm someone else during the course of treatment
When a person has changed over time - values, interests, got burned out, got bored OR their current job is a poor fit OR the work environment changed - different co- workers, new people bought the company, changes in policies and organizational culture the person needs to make a --- -------..
work adjustment
Kubler-Ross' Stages of Death and Dying Kubler-Ross and colleagues developed a five stage model of death and dying. These stages have different emotional responses that people go through in response to the knowledge of death. Think of the acronym!
• 1. Denial and Isolation • 2. Anger • 3. Bargaining • 4. Depression • 5. Acceptance DABDA
