Counseling Psychology

Counseling and Clinical Psychologists (Ph.D.)

Academic nature, can provide counseling.

Examples of Group Remedial Role Problems

Addictions, eating disorders, abuse survivors.

Educative-Developmental Role

- How people learn new life skills. + Social skills, study skills, assertiveness skills, career education.

Brief Interventions

- 3-12 sessions is considered brief. - Long term therapy can be anywhere from 3 months to several years.

License

- Based on competence. - Gives permission to practice.

Certification

- Based on completing education. - Does not ensure competence.

Person-Environment Interactions

- Considers the role of the environment in people's lives. - This is not meant to excuse personal responsibility but to acknowledge the effect the environment can have.

Counseling to Psychotherapy Spectrum

- Counseling and Psychotherapy exist on a continuum. - Same counselor may do both with different clients or both with the same client at different times.

Counseling End of the Spectrum

- Developmental - Clients tend to have problems with living (the problems we all face from time to time). - The focus is on short term goals. - Treatment can include preventative approaches.

Psy. D's

- Doctor of Psychology - Medical - Clinical Engagement - Can provide counseling

Focus on Strengths

- Emphasis on health rather than psychopathology (sickness) regardless of degree of disturbance. - Emphasis on optimism, assets, positive mental health, coping mechanisms, and belief in positive change. - Focus on strengths even with "disturbed" people.

School Psychologists

- Employed in K-12 educational settings. - Most likely people to assess learning disabilities, ADHD, emotional and social problems interfering with learning and interpersonal functioning.

Community Psychologists

- Focus on mental health in community settings. - Might study the mental health implications of poverty or racism.

Educational and Career Development

- For some, this is the heart of counseling psychology and one of its foundations. - Training in career and counseling and vocational psychology is part of graduate coursework. - The reality is that problems in educational and career development are as much "personal problems" as are relationship problems or anything else.

Remedial Role

- Helping individuals, families, or groups remedy problems.

Counseling Psychology APA

- Involves a focus on the development of individuals throughout the lifespan. - Help people with physical, emotional, and mental disorders improve well-being. - Intervene in emotions, behaviors, and cognitions.

State Board of Psychology

- Licensed psychologists - Ph. D or Psy D + Supervised experience both pre and post doctoral. + Pass a licensure exam with written and oral components. + Pay an annual fee + Take biennial continuing education

Ph. D From Psy D

- Psy D's pay for schooling. - Psy D is a "Doctor of Psychology" and is focused on practice, rather than scholarship. - Follows a practitioner model rather than the "scientist-practitioner" model (equal focus on academic research and practice). - Psy D programs are almost all in clinical psychology.

Primary Prevention Role

- Rape prevention groups for women, alcohol and drug abuse awareness and prevention, suicide prevention. - Primary prevention also includes building people up to greater degrees of self esteem. - Increased ability to buffer stress and problems that face them as they grow (healthy personality).

Psychotherapy End of the Spectrum

- Remediate - Problems are more complex and may stem from an underlying psychological disorder. - Focus is on short term and long term goals. - Therapeutic approaches may focus on conscious and unconscious processes. - The term "Psycho" is a protected term that requires a license. - Settings include private practice, hospitals, and mental health centers.

Industrial-Organizational Psychologists

- The industrial part refers to helping organizations make decisions that will improve productivity and profits. - The organizational part is interventions that help organizations run more smoothly in terms of personnel. - The client is the organization, not the individual. - Leadership development, executive coaching, effective training procedures, and team building.

Licensed Professional Counselors or Clinical Counselors

- Their professional organization is the American Counseling Association - Minimally a Master's Degree - 2 years supervised experience. - Certification exam - Fee and continuing education. - Similar to LI Social Worker

Preventative Role: Psycho-Educational

- To intervene in ways that can help prevent problems before they occur. + Primary Prevention + Organizational

Unifying Themes of Counseling Psychology

1. Focus on Intact Personalities 2. Emphasis on Person-Environment Interactions 3. Emphasis on Educational and Career Development 4. Relatively Brief Interventions 5. Focus on People's Strengths, Assets, and Positive Mental Health

Training in Counseling Psychology

1. 4-5 years of graduate study (Master's & Ph. D) prior to internship. 2. Full-time, one year internship in practice. 3. Ph. D Dissertation

Types of Counseling Psychologists

1. Community Psychologists 2. School Psychologists 3. Industrial-Organizational Psychologists

Professions That Can Conduct Both Counseling and Therapy

1. Counseling and Clinical Psychologists (Ph.D.) 2. Psy D's (Doctor of Psychology) 3. Psychiatric Social Workers 4. Psychiatrists 5. Counseling/M.H. Professionals

Psychiatric Social Workers

1. MSW- Masters in Social Work can prescribe medicine 2. LISW- Licensed independent social work cannot prescribe medicine. (In high demand right now)

Three Central Roles of Counseling Psychology

1. Remedial 2. Preventative 3. Educative

Counseling/ M.H. Professionals

2 year master's degree to become licensed.

Examples of Family/Couple Remedial Role Problems

Communication issues, divorce, blended families, career conflict.

Counseling Versus Counseling Psychology

Counseling is an activity done by a range of professionals. Counseling Psychology is the field within Psychology which includes the activity of counseling.

Examples of Individual Remedial Role Problems

Depression, weight issues, test anxiety, inability to choose a major.

Organizational Prevention Role

Diversity training and sexual harassment awareness, as well as drug and alcohol awareness.

Licensing and Certification

License Certification Registration

Psychiatrists

MD's, medical school, prescribe medication

Registration

Merely stating you provide a service.