CoursePoint+ Foundations of Nursing Ch. 3: Health, Illness, and Disparities

When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by his personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating understanding of which health model?

Health belief model

The nursing instructor is teaching the students about health and wellness and identifies which definition of health as the best?

Health is a state of complete well-being.

The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed:

Homeostasis

The nurse is working in an acute care setting and performs primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention Which activity performed by the nurse is classified as tertiary prevention?

Instructing a client how to use crutches

The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?

It focuses on what people believe to be true about their health.

A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?

It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.

The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking?

Modifiable

A 48-year-old client was just diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The client has a BMI of 35 and leads a sedentary lifestyle. The nurse informs the client of risk factors for the diagnosis and the need to change diet and exercise behavior. Which client statement indicates a need for further teaching?

"There is nothing that can be done anyway; chronic diseases cannot be prevented"

What is a misconception about chronic disease?

Chronic illnesses cannot be prevented.

A client with Crohn's disease in remission is admitted to the nursing unit for follow-up care. The remission state is characterized by:

Disappearance of signs and symptoms associated with the disease.

A nurse is caring for a client with end-stage liver failure. Which healthcare agency should the nurse recommend for continuity of care?

Extended care

What level of prevention is noted when the nurse educates a group of mothers of school-age children on self breast examinations?

Primary prevention Explanation: Primary prevention focuses on the health of a person with the goal of preventing disease or illness.

The nurse is holding a cholesterol screening at a local pharmacy this Saturday morning. What level(s) of health promotion is this screening an example of?

Secondary

Research has shown that the incidence of chronic conditions is increasing. Which lifestyle factor is associated with chronic diseases?

Smoking

Nurses promote the needs of clients as an integral part of each person's human dimension. Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community centre for an older client who is living alone?

Sociocultural needs

The nurse recognizes that the client who makes the decision to accept a new diagnosis and follow the prescribed treatment plan is in which stage of an illness?

Stage 3-Assuming a dependent role

A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD, a chronic illness of the lungs. The client is in remission. Which statement best describes a period of remission in a client with a chronic illness?

Symptoms are not experienced.

Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of remission. Remission is best defined as:

The presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms.

A man with Alzheimer's disease in a nursing home will follow directions for dressing and feeding better with one nurse than with other staff members. This factor is related to

Therapeutic model of interaction

The nurse is addressing primary prevention with a group of college students. Which is an example of a primary prevention measure?

Use of condoms and safer sex practices

A client enjoys eating high-calorie carbohydrate meals, but understands her blood sugar can increase sharply, ultimately causing the feeling of butterflies in her stomach as her blood sugar decreases. This is considered:

self-concept. Explanation: A person's self-concept is influenced by having knowledge and the ability to care for oneself, recognizing one's strengths and limitations.

A client is admitted to the mental health centre with attempted suicide. Which of the client's problems is priority for the nurse to manage?

Freedom from harm

An woman 80 years of age has had a cerebrovascular accident. She has flaccidity of her right side with aphasia. For this client, which of the following activities constitutes tertiary prevention?

Gait training and speech therapy

A nurse is educating women on the need for calcium to prevent bone loss. What level of prevention does this represent?

Primary prevention

An elderly patient has been recently diagnosed with vascular dementia. Because he lives alone and has poorly controlled hypertension, he has begun to receive home healthcare. This new aspect of his care is characteristic of which stage of illness?

Assuming a dependent role

When chronic illnesses and disabilities are present, individuals benefit most from activities that:

Help them maintain independence.

A client states, "I must be in poor health because I am a senior citizen. That's what my neighbor says and she is older than I am." This statement is based on which of the following factors?

Peer influence

A community health nurse arranges for a dental checkup camp for the local children in the school district. Which of the following would most likely be the nurse's goal for this health camp?

Health promotion Explanation: - The education on lifestyle choices is part of health promotion activity, which focuses on protecting the person's health. - The goal of the prevention of illness is to detect and prevent the illness. - High-level wellness focuses on maximizing the person's highest potential for functioning. - Reversal of self-care deficits would involve therapeutic interventions that are directed at contributing factors.

A nurse is explaining A1C diagnostic testing to a client with diabetes. What level of healthcare delivery does this test suggest?

Primary Explanation: Primary care delivery is provided by the first healthcare provider or agency a person contacts and includes teaching and basic care.

Which is an example of tertiary health promotion?

Rehabilitation Explanation: - Tertiary health promotion and disease prevention begin after an illness is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate clients to a maximum level of functioning. Therefore, rehabilitation is an example of tertiary health promotion. - Family counseling and Pap tests are examples of secondary health promotion. - Water treatment is an example of primary health promotion.

A woman over the age of 40 years has an annual mammogram. What level of prevention does this represent?

Secondary prevention

Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care?

Assisting with speech therapy for a client with a traumatic brain injury

The nurse is preparing to create a plan of care for a client admitted with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse understands that the client's self-actualization needs can be met by implementing which interventions? (Select all that apply.)

- Educating the client about the course of the disease process - Creating a treatment and prevention plan to decrease readmissions - Teaching the client about the COPD diagnosis

A nurse is performing health promotion activities for clients at a local health care clinic. Which nursing actions exemplify the focus of secondary preventive care? Select all that apply.

- Scheduling a mammogram for a client - Referring a client to family counseling - Screening clients for hypertension

Nurses understand the importance of adopting healthy behaviors so that they can better care for clients. What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply.

- Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night - Eating regular healthy meals - Maintaining an ideal body weight

Which clients, at risk for health disparities, may require additional assistance from the nurse in order to access healthcare services? (Select all that apply.)

- migrant farm workers - older adult clients in a senior citizen complex - clients who have been unemployed for several months

When admitting an adolescent to the hospital, the nurse anticipates that the client will respond to questions about his health beliefs based primarily on his:

Age and developmental stage.

A 90-year-old woman has a Staphylococcus infection in her decubitus ulcer. Staphylococcus is the:

Agent Explanation: The agent is any factor that leads to illness.

An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?

Chronic illness

The nursing student who has diarrhea before every test and every clinical understands that this is not a healthy behavior. The student is aware that this negative effect can impact overall health. The nurse manager recognizes that this student needs to focus on which dimension of health?

Emotional dimension Explanation: - How the mind affects body functions and responds to body conditions also influences health. Long-term stress affects body systems, and anxiety affects health habits. - Intellectual dimension encompasses cognitive abilities and past experiences - Physical dimension includes things like genetics, gender, and race. - Sociocultural dimensions relate to a client's economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture.

A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, a problem that was accompanied by a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dLm (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomena?

Exacerbation

The nurse is preparing a plan of care for a client with nutritional deficits. Which is the priority intervention for this client?

Teaching about intake of food and vitamins

A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?

Tertiary

A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?

Tertiary prevention

An older adult client who has been hospitalized due to a stroke is about to be discharged from a rehabilitation center where the he had to relearn how to feed and dress himself. The client often voiced a desire to be as active as possible. The client now expresses a strong desire to go home. The nurse recognizes that these statements made by the client indicate that the client is:

giving up the dependent role.

The recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning is defined as:

High-level wellness

The nurse is caring for a client admitted for the third time in 90 days with a diagnosis of heart failure. What nursing activities on a tertiary level will the nurse educate the client regarding to prevent readmission?

Importance of adhering to a low sodium diet

A client experiencing symptoms of cold is referred to the specialist for diagnosis and consultation. Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of the health care system?

Secondary care Explanation: - Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in the secondary level of health care. - The first contact with a general physician is the primary care - The reference to a highly specialized facility for desensitization is the tertiary care level. The secondary and tertiary care facilities are equipped to provide highly specialized care. - Extended care is care provided to clients who no longer require acute hospital care.