Coursera- Google Cybersecurity Course 1 GLOSSARY
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
A U.S. federal law established to protect patients' health information
Internal threat
A current or former employee, external vendor, or trusted partner who poses a security risk
Spear phishing
A malicious email attack targeting a specific user or group of users, appearing to originate from a trusted source
Social engineering
A manipulation technique that exploits human error to gain private information, access, or valuables
Confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA) triad
A model that helps inform how organizations consider risk when setting up systems and security policies
Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP)
A non-profit organization focused on improving software security
Hacktivist
A person who uses hacking to achieve a political goal
Programming
A process that can be used to create a specific set of instructions for a computer to execute tasks
SQL (Structured Query Language)
A programming language used to create, interact with, and request information from a database
Log
A record of events that occur within an organization's systems
Physical attack
A security incident that affects not only digital but also physical environments where the incident is deployed
Order of volatility
A sequence outlining the order of data that must be preserved from first to last
Antivirus software
A software program used to prevent, detect, and eliminate malware and viruses
Data point
A specific piece of information
Sensitive personally identifiable information (SPII)
A specific type of PII that falls under stricter handling guidelines
Adversarial artificial intelligence (AI)
A technique that manipulates artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) technology to conduct attacks more efficiently
Network protocol analyzer (packet sniffer)
A tool designed to capture and analyze data traffic within a network
Watering hole attack
A type of attack when a threat actor compromises a website frequently visited by a specific group of users
Social media phishing
A type of attack where a threat actor collects detailed information about their target on social media sites before initiating the attack
Business Email Compromise (BEC)
A type of phishing attack where a threat actor impersonates a known source to obtain financial advantage
Security architecture
A type of security design composed of multiple components, such as tools and processes, that are used to protect an organization from risks and external threats
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Cyber Security Framework (CSF)
A voluntary framework that consists of standards, guidelines, and best practices to manage cybersecurity risk
Security information and event management (SIEM)
An application that collects and analyzes log data to monitor critical activities in an organization
Intrusion detection system (IDS)
An application that monitors system activity and alerts on possible intrusions
Physical social engineering
An attack in which a threat actor impersonates an employee, customer, or vendor to obtain unauthorized access to a physical location
USB baiting
An attack in which a threat actor strategically leaves a malware USB stick for an employee to find and install to unknowingly infect a network
Cryptographic attack
An attack that affects secure forms of communication between a sender and intended recipient
Supply-chain attack
An attack that targets systems, applications, hardware, and/or software to locate a vulnerability where malware can be deployed
Password attack
An attempt to access password secured devices, systems, networks, or data
Asset
An item perceived as having value to an organization
Linux
An open-source operating system
Database
An organized collection of information or data
Threat
Any circumstance or event that can negatively impact assets
Personally identifiable information (PII)
Any information used to infer an individual's identity
Threat actor
Any person or group who presents a security risk
Hacker
Any person or group who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data
Security ethics
Guidelines for making appropriate decisions as a security professional
Security frameworks
Guidelines used for building plans to help mitigate risk and threats to data and privacy
Protected health information (PHI)
Information that relates to the past, present, or future physical or mental health or condition of an individual
Computer virus
Malicious code written to interfere with computer operations and cause damage to data and software
Confidentiality
Only authorized users can access specific assets or data
Security governance
Practices that help support, define, and direct security efforts of an organization
Security controls
Safeguards designed to reduce specific security risks
Transferable skills
Skills from other areas that can apply to different careers
Technical skills
Skills that require knowledge of specific tools, procedures, and policies
Malware
Software designed to harm devices or networks
Privacy protection
The act of safeguarding personal information from unauthorized use
Vishing
The exploitation of electronic voice communication to obtain sensitive information or to impersonate a known source
Availability
The idea that data is accessible to those who are authorized to access it
Integrity
The idea that the data is correct, authentic, and reliable
Cybersecurity (or security)
The practice of ensuring confidentiality, integrity, and availability of information by protecting networks, devices, people, and data from unauthorized access or criminal exploitation
Network security
The practice of keeping an organization's network infrastructure secure from unauthorized access
Protecting and preserving evidence
The process of properly working with fragile and volatile digital evidence
Authentication
The process of verifying who someone is
Phishing
The use of digital communications to trick people into revealing sensitive data or deploying malicious software
Virus
refer to "computer virus"
