CP Exam 2

What is the typical duration of short term memory?

15 to 20 seconds

The ability to manipulate information in memory temporarily while remembering something else is called

working memory

Working memory differs from short term memory in that

working memory is concerned with both holding and processing information

In an experiment like the one in the partial report demonstration, from which matrix row should participants be able to recall the most letters from?

All of the rows should be recalled equally well

Conduct an experiment where participants see a number of target letters flashed briefly on a screen and are told to immediately write down the letters in the order they were presented. It is most likely that the target letter "P" will be misidentified as

C

In Schneider and Shiffrin's experiment, in which participants were asked to indicate whether a target stimulus was present in a serious of rapidly presented "frames", divided attention was easier

once processing has become automatic

It is easier to perform two tasks at the same time if...

one is handled by the sketch pad and one is handled by the phonological loop

The use of a machine that tracks the movement of one's eyes can help reveal the shifting of one's _____ attention.

overt

Eye tracking studies investigating attention as we carry out actions such as making a peanut butter sandwich shows that a person's eye movements

were determined primarily by the task

Imagine yourself walking from your care, bus stop, or dorm to your first class. Your ability to form such a picture in your mind depends on which of the following components of working memory?

the visuospatial sketch pad

Anne Treisman's attenuator analyzes the incoming message in terms of all of the following EXCEPT

whether the perceptual load is low or high

Before going to the grocery store, Jamal quickly made a list in his head of the few items he needed to cook dinner. Driving to the store, he repeated the list over and over to himself so that he wouldn't forget anything. How would Broadbent describe Jamal's actions in the car?

Rehearsal in short-term memory

Models designed to explain mental functioning are constantly refined and modified to explain new results. Which of the following exemplifies this concept based on the results presented in your text?

Replacing the STM component of the modal model with working memory

Which of the following represents the correct progression of information as it moves through the primary memory stores?

Sensory, short term, long term

In support of late selection models, Donald MacKay showed that the presentation of a biasing word on the unattended ear influenced participants' processing of ____ when they were ____ of that word.

ambiguous sentences unaware

The word length effect shows that it is more difficult to remember

a list of long words than a list of short words

Chase and Simon's research compared memory of chess masters and beginners for the position of game pieces on sample chess boards. They found that the chess master remembered positions better when the arrangement of the pieces was consistent with a real game but not when the pieces were randomly placed. The significance of this finding was that...

chunking requires knowledge of familiar patterns or concepts

Which of the following stimulus characteristics most challenges the processing capacity of short term memory?

complexity

Results of preaching experiments show that participants resond more rapidly to a stimulus that appeared at the __ location.

cued

Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?

dichotic listening

Each time you briefly pause on one face, you are making a ___

fixation

When we search a scene, initial fixations are more likely to occur on ___ areas.

high-saliency

Which of the following illustrates how we can miss things even if they are clearly visible?

inattentional blindness

Sperling's delayed partial report procedure provided evidence that

information in sensory memory fades within 1 to 2 seconds.

A high threshold in Treisman's model of attention implies that

it takes a strong signal to cause activation

If you are folding towels that have just come out of the laundry while watching television, you may find that you don't have to pay much attention to the process of folding the towels. This sort of familiar task that does not require much of your attention would be an example of a(n) ________ task.

low load

Suppose twin teenagers are vying for their mother's attention. The mother is trying to pay attention to one of her daughters, though both girls are talking ( one about her boyfriend, one about a school project). According to the operating characteristics of Treisman's attenuator, it is most likely the attenuator is anaylzing the incoming messages in terms of

meaning

in Simons and Chabris's "change blindness" experiment, participants watch a film of people playing basketball. Many participants failed to report a woman carrying an umbrella walked through because

participants were counting the number of ball passes

Robin lost the softball game for her team when she ran toward home and was thrown out at the plate. The coach asked her, "Why did you run? You knew it was a risky move." Robin replied, "But i heard you yell, 'Go, Go!'" The coach replied," I was saying 'No, No!'" Robin's ill-fated run was the result of a ___ error

phonological

Research on monkeys has shown that the park of the brain most closely associated with working memory is the

prefrontal cortex

Shanta has frontal lobe damage. She is doing a problem solving task in which she has to choose the red object out of many choices. She can easily complete this repeatedly, but when the experimenter asks her to choose the blue object on a new trial of the task, she continues to choose the red one, even when the experimenter gives her feedback that she is incorrect. Shanta is displaying...

preseveration

IN which concept is an individual's knowledge most important?

schema

The distributin of attention among two or more tasks is known as

selective attention

in the filter model of attention, the stages of information processing occur in which order?

sensory store, filter, detector, short-term memory

Rehearsal is important for transferring information from

short term memory to long term memory

With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when

the color and the name differed

Broadbent model is called an early selection model because

the filter eliminates unattended information right at the beginning of the flow of information

Research on the use of cell phones while driving indicates that

the main effect of cell phone use on driving safety can be attributed to the fact that attention is used up by the cognitive task of talking on the phone.

The word-length effect reveals that

the phonological loop of the working memory model has a limited capacity.