C.P. Psychology A: Module 2 Exam Study Guide

This psychologist is associated with congruence or harmony with self.

Carl Rogers

Cultures in which the self is regarded as embedded in relationships and harmony with one's group is prized above individual goals and wishes.

Collectivist Cultures

What is the popular test given in big business and motivational conventions?

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

In this debate psychologists regard biology and experience as interacting influences on shaping personality.

Nature v. Nurture Debate

A person that is irritable, abrasive, suspicious and jealous is considered:

antagonist

Universal, symbolic images that appear in myths, art, stories and dreams; to Jungians they reflect the collective unconscious.

archetypes

Give two examples of someone who comes from an individualistic culture. (Check all that apply).

autonomous & independent

In Jungian theory, the universal memories and experiences of humankind, represented in the symbols, stories and images that occur across all cultures.

collective unconscious

According to Carl Rogers, a man who loves his wife only when she is looking her best is giving her positive regard that is conditional or unconditional.

conditional

A person who responsible, careful, steadfast and self-disciplined is considered:

conscientious

A Latino visitor to England wonders why everyone he meets seems to stand far away from him in conversation. When he moves closer, they move away. His culture and the culture of England have different rules of

conversational distance

A philosophical approach that emphasizes the inevitable dilemmas and challenges of human existence.

existentialism

If a person is outgoing and talkative they are considered:

extroverted

A statistical method for analyzing the intercorrelations among various measures or test scores; clusters of measures or test scores that are highly correlated are assumed to measure the same underlying trait or ability.

factor analysis

Give two examples of someone who is of a collectivist culture. (Check all that apply).

group harmony & cares for needs of group

In psychoanalysis, the psychic energy that fuels the life or sexual instincts in the id.

libido

Which of the Big Five typically decreases by the age 30?

neuroticism

Unique aspects of a person's environment and experience that are not shared with family members.

non-shared environment

A pschodynamic approach that emphasizes the importance of the infant's first two years of life and the baby's formative relationships, especially with the mother.

object relations school

A person who is curious, imaginative, questioning and creative is considered:

open to experience

Which of the following is NOT among the Big Five Personality factors?

psychoticism

In social cognitive theories the two way interactions between aspects of the environment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits.

reciprocal determinism

A major contemporary learning view of personality which holds that personality traits result from a person's learning history and his or her expectations, beliefs and other cognitions.

social cognitive learning

In Freud's theory, choose the personality major systems that are part of his theory: (Check all that apply).

superego, id, ego

To Carl Rogers, ___ is love or support given to another person with no conditions attached.

unconditional positive regard

This psychologist is associated with self actualization.

Abraham Maslow

If a person is very calm, not stressed out or overanxious, they are considered:

emotionally stable

This psychologist is associated with existentialism.

Rollo May

The humanist who described the importance of peak experiences was:

Abraham Maslow

Emphasizes study of observable behavior & role of the environment as a determinant of behavior.

Behaviorism

According to object relations school of thought, the first five years of a baby's life determines how we react to adjustments, separations and losses throughout the rest of our lives.

False

A program of shared rules that govern the behavior of members of a community or society and a set of values, beliefs and attitudes shared by most members of that community.

Culture

Which psychological approach emphasizes personal growth, resilience, and the achievement of human potential?

Humanist Approach

Cultures in which the self is regarded as autonomous and individual goals and wishes are prized above duty and relations with others.

Individualist Cultures

A major criticism of humanist psychology is that many of its assumptions are untestable.

True

A monochronic culture like the United States is one in which time is organized sequentially and schedules & deadlines are valued.

True

A person who is self actualized is one who strives for a life that is meaningful, challenging and satisfying.

True

Genetic predisposition does not imply inevitability.

True

In the object-relations view, children of both sexes identify first with the mother.

True

Northern males are more likely to be aggressive than Southern males.

True

Peer groups are organized by interest, ethnicity, or status & popularity.

True

Research shows that identical twins that have been reared apart have similar mannerisms & gestures.

True

Researchers have found that we are born with genetically determined temperaments.

True

Researchers measure genetic contributions to personality in two ways. 1. by studying temperaments of infants and children 2. by doing heritability studies on twins & adopted individuals.

True

The two most important archetypes in Jung's view are those of femaleness and maleness.

True