CPCE Full EXAM

Antony is a child who has lately been having tantrums. His pediatrician tells his mother that this is perfectly normal at his age as he is trying to assert his independence. At which of Erikson's developmental stages and resulting virtues would this child most like?

. Autonomy vs. shame/doubt?

As of the 21st century, the number of certified and licensed counselors in the U.S. is close to?

100,000

When did the State of Viriginia pass counseling law?

1976

The correct distribution within a normal bell shaped curve is?

95% makes up one standard deviation from the mean, 68% makes up two, and 13.5% makes up three.

What is accreditation?

A process whereby an institution or program receives public recognition for meeting standards

Which of the following is true regarding validity and reliability of tests?

A test may be reliable but not valid

Which of the following does NOT use John Holland's typology for determining a person's career type?

Career Pattern Study

Who is best known for collective unconscious and archetypes?

Carl Jung

Which of the following is known for person-centered counseling?

Carl Rogers

What is the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Classical conditioning involves a stimulus while operant conditoning involves a response

84. What is NOT one of the strengths or benefits of Rogerian counseling?

Concreteness

Which of the following are characteristic of experimental research design

Control groups and randomization

Arnold Gesell believed that

Development was genetically pre-ordained and realized via maturation

If a group has coleaders, which of the following is true?

Different ractions from co-leaders can help stimulate discussion

John Crites' comprehensive model of career counseling includes three diagnoses of a career problem. Which of the following is NOT one of them?

Differential diagnosis

65. Who developed the archway model of self-concept determinants?

Donald Super

Pat's therapist tells her that "self-talk" and "crooked thinking" cause emotional disturbances. He believes we all have the potential to think rationally. He uses techniques like role-playing and imagery to help Pat work through some of her issues. He also follows an A-B-C-D-E system. Pat's therapist believes that we are not influenced by the events we experience, but by our interpretation of them. Pat's therapist subscribes to which of these therapeutic approaches?

Ellis

Would Freud's psychodynamic approach and Albert Ellis' REBT favor the emic or the etic approach

Ellis would favor emic, Freud likely etic

Which of the following neo-Freudian theorists most strongly believed that behavior can be understood best in terms of social interactions and interpersonal relationships?

Erik Erikson

What is etic vs emic perspective?

Etic takes the group's perspective

What technique is least supported to stop disruptive behavior in a group?

Extinction

Who first established the trait-factor guidance approach?

Frank Parsons

Four broad stages of development in the first three years of life are identified in object relations theory. Which of these represents the correct chronological order of these four stages?

Fusion with mother; Symbiosis with mother; Separation/individuation; Constancy of self and object

In Frank Parsons' actuarial or trait-factor approach to career counseling, which step listed is NOT a part of the process?

Give a prognosis

Which of these psychologists' theories completely ignore the unconscious?

Glassner, Rogers, and behaviorism

What are some signs to look for assessing suicide risk for a client?

Having the means and a plan available

Becky is an elementary school student who displays a number of attention-seeking behaviors which are disruptive in the classroom. Her teacher was approached by a local university researcher to refer students for an experiment. The teacher and her parents ask Becky if she would like to participate in the study and she agrees. The research team has collected baseline behavioral data on Becky from the teacher. Early in the study, they find that her behavior is much improved compared to the baseline. Which of these is the most likely explanation for Becky's better behavior during the experiment?

Hawthorne effect

Which is most accurate regarding homogenous vs heterogenous therapy groups?

Heterogenous groups may have more difficulty relating to each other

Which of these is an example of noninteractive research?

Historical analysis

7. Robert Havighurst is identified with all BUT which of the following?

Ignoring cultural variations for a universal truth

Whicn of the following is true of inductive vs deductive research?

Inductive research leads to the building of theory

What would G. L. Harrington or William Glasser most likely say regarding transference?

It impedes progress and need not occur if the therapist is genuine

. What is meant by the term "regression toward the mean?"

It means that most scoring very high or low on a pretest will score nearer the mean on a posttest.

What did passage of the Smith-Hughes Act accomplish?

It provided money to fund the training of vocational education

. A survey researcher has asked Larry and Carol about their attitudes toward obeying laws. They are asked what they would do in certain hypothetical situations. For example, if the only way to help someone and/or to avoid harming someone would involve breaking the law. "Law, schmaw, what's important is doing the right thing," said Carol. "True, we should do what's right, but we've also made an agreement with society to follow its rules. We should try to do that too, but I agree that a lot of it depends on the situation," said Larry. Identify where Larry and Carol fit in Kohlberg's stages of moral development

Larry is in Stage 4, Carol is in Stage 5

Which of the following are four core elements in building a helping relationship?

Leadership skills, empathy, emotional influence

You give a questionnaire to a group of respondents to measure their opinions on certain topics. Each question has seven possible choices: Strongly Agree, Agree Somewhat, Agree, Neutral, Disagree, Disagree Somewhat, and Strongly Disagree?

Likert Scale

Which is true regarding the liscensure of counselors?

Liscensure at state and national level

Research that compares findings across multiple studies?

Meta analysis

People born after 1976 are referred to as?

Millenials

. Which of these is NOT correct regarding standard scores?

N scores are not standardized scores

Which of the following is not considered a specialty counseling certification?

NCC

Which is NOT true of assigning diagnostic codes to clients solely for the purpose of insurance reimbursement?

NOT required by law

What are the four levels of data measurement used to determine the statistics used?

Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio

Which of these is not a measure of central tendency?

Norm

Which of the following is correct regarding either norm-referenced tests

Norm referenced tests compare an individual's score to others

Which is the correct order of the five stages of development as identified by Freud?

Oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

The sensorimotor stage is part of whose theory of development?

Piaget

Raphael's family has just moved to a new neighborhood where he is now culturally in the minority. In his old neighborhood, Raphael's culture was the predominant one. Now Raphael is feeling uncertain about his sense of self. He feels some conflict between depreciation and appreciation of his self. According to the racial/cultural identity development model?

Raphael is experiencing dissonance.

People are said to be products of five different cultures. Two are inevitable culture sources (a culture of human biology and a culture of ecology, which refers to the climates in which people live). Which is NOT one of the other three?

Regional

Which of the following is NOT true about standardized scores?

Standardized scores are discontinous

When E. G. Williamson expanded the trait-factor approach, he included all EXCEPT which of these steps?

Synthesis

Which of these books was authored by Eric Berne?

The Games People Play

Which is NOT included in the conditions required for a successful malpractice claim against a therapist?

The client disliked the counselor's methods

Which of the following is true about the correlation coefficient?

The correlation coefficient makes up the distance between two sets of numbers

Which of the following best represents the beliefs and practices of Carl Rogers?

The focus of counseling is based on the client's phenomenological world and feelings

Which demographic is projected to make up the majority of the population in 2025?

The number of Hispanic Americans will exceed White Americans

You meet a group of people that includes the following subgroups or categories: Members of racial, ethnic, and religious minorities; women; single parents; divorcé(s); elderly persons; people with disabilities; gay men; lesbian women; poor people; children; and young adults. Of all these categories, to which does the term cultural pluralism refer?

The term cultural pluralism is used to describe all the above

Which of these is true of qualitative research?

This kindof research assumes that realities are socially constructed

Identify the first professional counseling association and its founding year.?

Vocational Bureau of Boston

Who established the first psychology laboratorty?

Wilhelm Rundt

Which two psychologists most emphasize freedom of choice and responsibility in their theories?

William Glassner and Rollo May

Changes in human growth and development which are qualitative are?

changes in structure

0. Convergent validation and discriminant validation occur within what type of validity?

construct validity

What are two contrasting elements of group dynamics?

content and process

. Presenting stimuli in different sequences to reduce "order of presentation" influences in an experiment is called?

counterbalancing

The Eskimo word "piblokto" refers to "arctic hysteria" characterized by uncontrolled screaming and crying that is often accompanied by running through the snow naked. This is an example of what kind of disorder?

culture specific

Elizabeth Kubler Ross & stages of death/dying

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

Which of the following pairs does NOT represent two of John Holland's six personality types?

directive and exploratory

2. In Ellis' rational-emotive behavior therapy (REBT), what do the D and E stand for in his A-B-CD-E modalities' classification?

disputing, effect

. If a therapist has a good ability to perceive and appreciate their client's subjective reality (i.e., emotions and cognitions), the therapist is said to have?

empathetic understanding

Which of the following is NOT a central concept in existential therapy?

free association

Gilbert Wrenn's book The Counselor in a Changing World (1962) stressed the role of the counseling profession as being focused on?

group process

Intervention performed with three or more clients at a time is known as?

group therapy

Which is true of open vs. closed therapy groups?

in an open group, if one member leaves, a new member takes their place

Sense of inferiority?

individual therapy

7. Which of these is/are NOT considered underlying principles of ethical decision making?

informed consent and confidentiality

There are many confounding variables that can threaten an experiment's validity, but which of the following is a threat to both internal validity and external validity?

instrumentation

Which of these is true of quantitative research?

investigates with the goal of finding casual relationships

What is NOT considered a weakness of Adlerian counseling?

it is rigid and inflexible approach

You are given the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS-IV) by a psychologist. When showing you your results, the tester compares your score on the vocabulary subtest to your score on the digit span subtest and your score on the block design subtest, etc. This type of assessment is

norm-referenced

Which of the following is the correct chronological order of the four career development stages identified by Linda Gottfredson?

orientation to size and power, orientation to sex roles, orientation to social valuation, etc..

80. Which of the following would least relate to one of Lazarus' seven modalities?

perception of odor that doesn't exist

Career counseling based on Bandura's social cognitive theory emphasizes all of these concepts?

positive uncertainty

All of these are characteristics of test reliability EXCEPT?

predictive

A group that is focused on a central theme such as anger management or learning job seeking skills is known as a

psychoeducation group

Developmental changes occur in all BUT which of the following broad areas?

sociocultural development

In Donald Super's developmental approach to careers, which vocational developmental task did Super associate with the period of ages 18 to 21?

specification

Which of the following is NOT true of standard deviation?

standard deviation is a term quantity which is equal to the term variance

Which is NOT an example of resistive individual or group behavior that would impede progress in a therapy group?

talking about member problems

According to Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and Herma's developmental theory, occupational choice passes through three periods. Which is NOT one of the main periods they identified?

transition

. Which of the following is NOT a reason to use nonparametric statistics?

you have a normal score distribution

. In the landmark 1976 Tarasoff case, the California court ruled that failure to warn an intended victim is professionally irresponsible. Out of what event did this ruling come?

A client of university psyhologist murdered Tarasoff

3. Which is NOT one of the types of Analysis of variance (ANOVA)?

ANCOVA

safety and security needs?

Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs: both psychological and physiological

Managing a counseling program requires skills in these areas?

All of these

How did Albert Ellis view "self-talk" in his theory?

As the source of our emotional disturbances

An infant first sucks on a nipple to nurse. Then the infant sucks on other things—a toy, Daddy's finger, etc. Later, this infant discovers other things to do with objects beyond sucking on them such as grasping them, shaking them, and otherwise manipulating them. These two behaviors were labeled by Jean Piaget with what terms, in order of their occurrence

Assimilation and accomodation

Styles of group leadership have been described as all BUT the following:

Autocratic

Which of the following is not a common role for a group member?

Autocratic